Covering the entire spectrum of this fast-changing field, Diagnostic Imaging: Musculoskeletal Non-Traumatic Disease, third edition, is an invaluable resource for musculoskeletal radiologists, general radiologists, and trainees—anyone who requires an easily accessible, highly visual reference in this complex area of imaging. Drs. Kirkland W. Davis, Donna G. Blankenbaker, Stephanie Bernard, and their team of highly regarded experts provide up-to-date information on recent advances in technology and the understanding of musculoskeletal diseases and disorders to help you make informed decisions at the point of care. The text is lavishly illustrated, delineated, and referenced, making it a useful learning tool as well as a handy reference for daily practice.
1. INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW - p. xiii 2. Chapter 1: Introduction to Arthritis - p. xiii 3. EROSIVE - p. 9 4. Chapter 2: Rheumatoid Arthritis of Axial Skeleton - p. 9 5. Chapter 3: Rheumatoid Arthritis of Shoulder and Elbow - p. 15 6. Chapter 4: Rheumatoid Arthritis of Wrist and Hand - p. 21 7. Chapter 5: Rheumatoid Arthritis of Hip - p. 27 8. Chapter 6: Rheumatoid Arthritis of Knee - p. 31 9. Chapter 7: Rheumatoid Arthritis of Ankle and Foot - p. 35 10. Chapter 8: Felty Syndrome - p. 39 11. Chapter 9: Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis - p. 41 12. Chapter 10: Adult Still Disease - p. 47 13. PRODUCTIVE - p. 49 14. Chapter 11: Osteoarthritis of Axial Skeleton - p. 49 15. Chapter 12: DISH - p. 53 16. Chapter 13: OPLL - p. 59 17. Chapter 14: Rapidly Progressive Osteoarthritis - p. 63 18. Chapter 15: Osteoarthritis of Shoulder and Elbow - p. 65 19. Chapter 16: Osteoarthritis of Wrist and Hand - p. 69 20. Chapter 17: Osteoarthritis of Hip - p. 73 21. Chapter 18: Osteoarthritis of Knee - p. 79 22. MIXED EROSIVE AND PRODUCTIVE - p. 85 23. Chapter 19: Ankylosing Spondylitis - p. 85 24. Chapter 20: Inflammatory Bowel Disease Arthritis - p. 91 25. Chapter 21: Psoriatic Arthritis - p. 97 26. Chapter 22: Chronic Reactive Arthritis - p. 103 27. DUE TO BIOCHEMICAL DISORDERS OR DEPOSITIONAL DISEASE - p. 109 28. Chapter 23: Gout - p. 109 29. Chapter 24: Pyrophosphate Arthropathy - p. 115 30. Chapter 25: Hydroxyapatite Deposition Disease - p. 121 31. Chapter 26: Amyloid Deposition - p. 127 32. Chapter 27: Hemochromatosis - p. 133 33. Chapter 28: Ochronosis - p. 134 34. Chapter 29: Wilson Disease - p. 135 35. Chapter 30: Oxalosis - p. 136 36. MISCELLANEOUS JOINT DISORDERS - p. 137 37. Chapter 31: Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor, Intraarticular - p. 137 38. Chapter 32: Intraarticular Chondroma - p. 143 39. Chapter 33: Multicentric Reticulohistiocytosis - p. 147 40. Chapter 34: Synovial Vascular Malformation - p. 148 41. Chapter 35: Synovial Chondromatosis - p. 149 42. Chapter 36: Neuropathic (Charcot) Arthropathy - p. 155 43. Chapter 37: Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy - p. 161 44. Chapter 38: Complex Regional Pain Syndrome - p. 167 45. SECTION 2: BONE TUMORS AND TUMOR-LIKE CONDITIONS - p. 173 46. INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW - p. 173 47. Chapter 39: Bone Tumors: Diagnosis, Staging, and Biopsy - p. 173 48. Chapter 40: Staging of Primary Malignant Bone Tumors - p. 183 49. Chapter 41: Bone Tumors: Treatment Options and Follow-Up - p. 185 50. BONE-FORMING TUMORS - p. 191 51. Chapter 42: Enostosis (Bone Island) - p. 191 52. Chapter 43: Osteoma - p. 195 53. Chapter 44: Osteoid Osteoma - p. 201 54. Chapter 45: Osteoblastoma - p. 207 55. Chapter 46: Conventional Osteosarcoma - p. 213 56. Chapter 47: Parosteal Osteosarcoma - p. 219 57. Chapter 48: Periosteal Osteosarcoma - p. 225 58. Chapter 49: Telangiectatic Osteosarcoma - p. 229 59. Chapter 50: Low-Grade Central Osteosarcoma - p. 233 60. Chapter 51: High-Grade Surface Osteosarcoma - p. 237 61. Chapter 52: Secondary Osteosarcoma - p. 239 62. CARTILAGE-FORMING TUMORS - p. 243 63. Chapter 53: Enchondroma - p. 243 64. Chapter 54: Osteochondroma - p. 249 65. Chapter 55: Multiple Hereditary Exostoses - p. 255 66. Chapter 56: Chondroblastoma - p. 261 67. Chapter 57: Chondromyxoid Fibroma - p. 265 68. Chapter 58: Periosteal Chondroma - p. 269 69. Chapter 59: Chondrosarcoma - p. 275 70. Chapter 60: Dedifferentiated Chondrosarcoma - p. 281 71. Chapter 61: Periosteal Chondrosarcoma - p. 283 72. Chapter 62: Clear Cell Chondrosarcoma - p. 285 73. MARROW TUMORS - p. 287 74. Chapter 63: Plasmacytoma - p. 287 75. Chapter 64: Multiple Myeloma - p. 293 76. Chapter 65: POEMS - p. 299 77. Chapter 66: Ewing Sarcoma - p. 301 78. Chapter 67: Leukemia: Bone Changes - p. 307 79. Chapter 68: Lymphoma of Bone - p. 311 80. Chapter 69: Metastases of Bone Marrow - p. 317 81. OTHER BONE TUMORS - p. 323 82. Chapter 70: Desmoplastic Fibroma - p. 323 83. Chapter 71: Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma of Bone - p. 327 84. Chapter 72: Fibrosarcoma of Bone - p. 331 85. Chapter 73: Lipoma of Bone - p. 333 86. Chapter 74: Giant Cell Tumor of Bone - p. 337 87. Chapter 75: Aneurysmal Bone Cyst - p. 343 88. Chapter 76: Adamantinoma - p. 349 89. Chapter 77: Hemangioma of Bone - p. 353 90. Chapter 78: Epithelioid Hemangioma - p. 359 91. Chapter 79: Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma of Bone - p. 361 92. Chapter 80: Angiosarcoma of Bone - p. 363 93. Chapter 81: Chordoma - p. 367 94. Chapter 82: Fibrous Dysplasia - p. 371 95. TUMOR-LIKE CONDITIONS - p. 377 96. Chapter 83: Paget Disease - p. 377 97. Chapter 84: Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis - p. 383 98. Chapter 85: Osteofibrous Dysplasia - p. 389 99. Chapter 86: Simple Bone Cyst - p. 395 100. Chapter 87: Nonossifying Fibroma - p. 401 101. Chapter 88: Trevor Fairbank Disease - p. 405 102. RADIATION-INDUCED ABNORMALITIES - p. 407 103. Chapter 89: Radiation-Induced Complications of Skeleton - p. 407 104. SECTION 3: SOFT TISSUE TUMORS - p. 413 105. INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW - p. 413 106. Chapter 90: Introduction to Soft Tissue Tumors - p. 413 107. Chapter 91: Staging of Soft Tissue Tumors - p. 423 108. ADIPOCYTIC TUMORS - p. 425 109. BENIGN ADIPOCYTIC TUMORS - p. 425 110. Chapter 92: Lipoma of Soft Tissue - p. 425 111. Chapter 93: Lipomatosis - p. 431 112. Chapter 94: Lipomatosis of Nerve - p. 437 113. Chapter 95: Macrodystrophia Lipomatosa - p. 441 114. Chapter 96: Lipoma Arborescens - p. 445 115. Chapter 97: Lipoblastoma/Lipoblastomatosis - p. 449 116. Chapter 98: Hibernoma - p. 451 117. Chapter 99: Parosteal Lipoma - p. 455 118. INTERMEDIATE ADIPOCYTIC TUMORS - p. 459 119. Chapter 100: Atypical Lipomatous Tumor/Well-Differentiated Liposarcoma - p. 459 120. MALIGNANT ADIPOCYTIC TUMORS - p. 463 121. Chapter 101: Myxoid Liposarcoma - p. 463 122. Chapter 102: Pleomorphic Liposarcoma - p. 467 123. Chapter 103: Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma - p. 468 124. FIBROBLASTIC/MYOFIBROBLASTIC TUMORS - p. 469 125. BENIGN FIBROUS TUMORS - p. 469 126. Chapter 104: Nodular and Proliferative Fasciitis - p. 469 127. Chapter 105: Bizarre Parosteal Osteochondromatous Proliferation - p. 470 128. Chapter 106: Elastofibroma - p. 471 129. Chapter 107: Fibrous Hamartoma of Infancy - p. 475 130. Chapter 108: Myofibroma/Myofibromatosis - p. 476 131. Chapter 109: Fibromatosis Colli - p. 477 132. Chapter 110: Juvenile Hyaline Fibromatosis - p. 478 133. Chapter 111: Fibroma of Tendon Sheath - p. 479 134. Chapter 112: Desmoplastic Fibroblastoma - p. 483 135. Chapter 113: Calcifying Aponeurotic Fibroma - p. 485 136. Chapter 114: Myositis Ossificans/Heterotopic Ossification - p. 487 137. INTERMEDIATE (LOCALLY AGGRESSIVE) FIBROUS TUMORS - p. 493 138. Chapter 115: Superficial Fibromatoses - p. 493 139. Chapter 116: Desmoid-Type Fibromatosis - p. 497 140. INTERMEDIATE (RARELY METASTASIZING) FIBROHISTIOCYTIC TUMORS - p. 503 141. Chapter 117: Solitary Fibrous Tumor - p. 503 142. Chapter 118: Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor - p. 509 143. Chapter 119: Infantile Fibrosarcoma - p. 513 144. MALIGNANT FIBROUS TUMORS - p. 515 145. Chapter 120: Fibrosarcoma of Soft Tissue - p. 515 146. Chapter 121: Myxofibrosarcoma - p. 519 147. Chapter 122: Low-Grade Fibromyxoid Sarcoma - p. 523 148. Chapter 123: Sclerosing Epithelioid Fibrosarcoma - p. 525 149. Chapter 124: Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans - p. 529 150. SO-CALLED FIBROHISTIOCYTIC TUMORS - p. 533 151. BENIGN FIBROHISTIOCYTIC TUMORS - p. 533 152. Chapter 125: Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor, Extraarticular - p. 533 153. Chapter 126: Deep Benign Fibrous Histiocytoma - p. 539 154. SMOOTH MUSCLE TUMORS - p. 541 155. SMOOTH MUSCLE TUMORS, BENIGN - p. 541 156. Chapter 127: Leiomyoma: Superficial and Deep - p. 541 157. SMOOTH MUSCLE TUMORS, MALIGNANT - p. 545 158. Chapter 128: Leiomyosarcoma - p. 545 159. PERICYTIC (PERIVASCULAR) TUMORS - p. 551 160. Chapter 129: Glomus Tumor - p. 551 161. Chapter 130: Angioleiomyoma - p. 555 162. SKELETAL MUSCLE TUMORS - p. 557 163. SKELETAL MUSCLE TUMORS, BENIGN - p. 557 164. Chapter 131: Rhabdomyoma - p. 557 165. SKELETAL MUSCLE TUMORS, MALIGNANT - p. 559 166. Chapter 132: Rhabdomyosarcoma - p. 559 167. VASCULAR AND LYMPHATIC TUMORS - p. 565 168. BENIGN VASCULAR TUMORS - p. 565 169. Chapter 133: Vascular Malformations - p. 565 170. Chapter 134: Hemangioma - p. 571 171. Chapter 135: Angiomatosis - p. 575 172. Chapter 136: Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome - p. 577 173. Chapter 137: Lymphatic Malformations - p. 581 174. INTERMEDIATE (RARELY METASTASIZING) VASCULAR TUMORS - p. 585 175. Chapter 138: Kaposi Sarcoma - p. 585 176. Chapter 139: Hemangioendothelioma of Soft Tissue - p. 589 177. MALIGNANT VASCULAR TUMORS - p. 591 178. Chapter 140: Angiosarcoma of Soft Tissue - p. 591 179. CHONDROOSSEOUS TUMORS - p. 595 180. Chapter 141: Chondroma of Soft Tissue - p. 595 181. Chapter 142: Extraskeletal Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma - p. 597 182. Chapter 143: Extraskeletal Osteosarcoma - p. 599 183. TUMORS OF UNCERTAIN DIFFERENTIATION - p. 603 184. BENIGN TUMORS OF UNCERTAIN DIFFERENTIATION - p. 603 185. Chapter 144: Phosphaturic Mesenchymal Tumor - p. 603 186. Chapter 145: Myxoma - p. 605 187. INTERMEDIATE TUMORS (RARELY METASTASIZING) OF UNCERTAIN DIFFERENTIATION - p. 611 188. Chapter 146: Angiomatoid Fibrous Histiocytoma - p. 611 189. Chapter 147: Ossifying Fibromyxoid Tumor - p. 613 190. MALIGNANT TUMORS OF UNCERTAIN DIFFERENTIATION - p. 615 191. Chapter 148: Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma - p. 615 192. Chapter 149: Synovial Sarcoma - p. 619 193. Chapter 150: Epithelioid Sarcoma - p. 625 194. Chapter 151: Clear Cell Sarcoma - p. 629 195. Chapter 152: Extraskeletal Myxoid Chondrosarcoma - p. 631 196. Chapter 153: Extraskeletal Ewing Sarcoma - p. 635 197. PERIPHERAL NERVE SHEATH TUMORS - p. 637 198. NONNEOPLASTIC - p. 637 199. Chapter 154: Morton Neuroma - p. 637 200. Chapter 155: Traumatic Neuroma - p. 641 201. NEUROFIBROMA - p. 643 202. Chapter 156: Neurofibroma - p. 643 203. SCHWANNOMA - p. 649 204. Chapter 157: Schwannoma - p. 649 205. MALIGNANT PERIPHERAL NERVE SHEATH TUMOR - p. 655 206. Chapter 158: Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor - p. 655 207. SKIN AND SUBCUTANEOUS LESIONS - p. 659 208. Chapter 159: Epidermoid/Epidermal Inclusion Cyst - p. 659 209. Chapter 160: Rheumatoid Nodule - p. 661 210. Chapter 161: Metastases of Soft Tissue - p. 665 211. Chapter 162: Melanoma - p. 669 212. SOFT TISSUE TUMOR MIMICS - p. 675 213. Chapter 163: Soft Tissue Tumor Mimics: Infection/Inflammation - p. 675 214. Chapter 164: Soft Tissue Tumor Mimics: Vascular - p. 679 215. Chapter 165: Soft Tissue Tumor Mimics: Crystal Disease - p. 683 216. Chapter 166: Soft Tissue Tumor Mimics: Other - p. 687 217. Chapter 167: Xanthoma - p. 693 218. SECTION 4: CONGENITAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL ABNORMALITIES - p. 697 219. GENERAL - p. 697 220. Chapter 168: Arthrogryposis - p. 697 221. Chapter 169: Amniotic Band Syndrome - p. 700 222. Chapter 170: Cerebral Palsy - p. 701 223. Chapter 171: Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21) - p. 702 224. Chapter 172: Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva - p. 703 225. Chapter 173: Muscular Dystrophy - p. 704 226. Chapter 174: Neurofibromatosis - p. 705 227. Chapter 175: Osteogenesis Imperfecta - p. 711 228. Chapter 176: Turner Syndrome - p. 717 229. UPPER EXTREMITY - p. 718 230. Chapter 177: Glenoid Hypoplasia - p. 718 231. Chapter 178: Madelung Deformity - p. 719 232. Chapter 179: Ulnar Variance - p. 723 233. LOWER EXTREMITY - p. 727 234. Chapter 180: Developmental Dysplasia of Hip - p. 727 235. Chapter 181: Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis - p. 733 236. Chapter 182: Proximal Femoral Focal Deficiency - p. 739 237. Chapter 183: Osgood-Schlatter Disease - p. 743 238. Chapter 184: Sinding-Larsen-Johansson Disease - p. 744 239. Chapter 185: Blount Disease - p. 745 240. Chapter 186: Pes Planus (Flatfoot) - p. 747 241. Chapter 187: Clubfoot (Talipes Equinovarus) - p. 753 242. Chapter 188: Congenital Vertical Talus (Rocker-Bottom Foot) - p. 757 243. Chapter 189: Pes Cavus - p. 758 244. Chapter 190: Tarsal Coalition - p. 759 245. SECTION 5: DYSPLASIAS - p. 765 246. SKELETAL DYSPLASIA - p. 765 247. SHORT LIMB LENGTH - p. 765 248. Chapter 191: Introduction to Skeletal Dysplasias - p. 765 249. Chapter 192: Achondroplasia - p. 771 250. Chapter 193: Pseudoachondroplasia - p. 775 251. Chapter 194: Achondrogenesis - p. 776 252. Chapter 195: Thanatophoric Dysplasia - p. 777 253. Chapter 196: Asphyxiating Thoracic Dystrophy of Jeune - p. 779 254. Chapter 197: Chondroectodermal Dysplasia (Ellis-van Creveld) - p. 780 255. Chapter 198: Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia - p. 781 256. Chapter 199: Multiple Epiphyseal Dysplasia - p. 785 257. NORMAL LIMB LENGTH - p. 789 258. Chapter 200: Ollier Disease - p. 789 259. Chapter 201: Maffucci Syndrome - p. 793 260. Chapter 202: Chondrodysplasia Punctata - p. 794 261. Chapter 203: Cleidocranial Dysplasia - p. 795 262. Chapter 204: Caffey Disease - p. 796 263. Chapter 205: Fong Disease (Nail Patella Syndrome) - p. 797 264. SCLEROSING DYSPLASIAS - p. 799 265. Chapter 206: Melorheostosis - p. 799 266. Chapter 207: Progressive Diaphyseal Dysplasia - p. 803 267. Chapter 208: Osteopetrosis - p. 807 268. Chapter 209: Pycnodysostosis - p. 813 269. Chapter 210: Osteitis Condensans - p. 817 270. Chapter 211: Osteitis Pubis: Nontraumatic Origin - p. 819 271. Chapter 212: Intramedullary Osteosclerosis - p. 821 272. Chapter 213: Other Sclerosing Conditions of Bone - p. 822 273. SECTION 6: SYSTEMIC DISEASES WITH MUSCULOSKELETAL INVOLVEMENT - p. 823 274. GENERAL - p. 823 275. Chapter 214: Complications of Paraplegia - p. 823 276. Chapter 215: Acroosteolysis - p. 829 277. Chapter 216: Sickle Cell Anemia - p. 833 278. Chapter 217: Thalassemia - p. 839 279. Chapter 218: Myelofibrosis - p. 845 280. Chapter 219: Hemophilia - p. 849 281. Chapter 220: Diabetes - p. 855 282. Chapter 221: HIV/AIDS - p. 861 283. Chapter 222: Sarcoidosis of Bone - p. 867 284. Chapter 223: Sarcoidosis of Muscle - p. 871 285. Chapter 224: Sarcoidosis of Joint - p. 873 286. Chapter 225: Sarcoidosis of Soft Tissue - p. 874 287. Chapter 226: Mastocytosis - p. 875 288. Chapter 227: Tuberous Sclerosis - p. 877 289. STORAGE DISORDERS - p. 881 290. Chapter 228: Gaucher Disease - p. 881 291. Chapter 229: Mucopolysaccharidoses - p. 885 292. Chapter 230: Erdheim-Chester Disease - p. 887 293. Chapter 231: Other Non-Langerhans Cell Histiocytoses - p. 889 294. CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISORDERS - p. 890 295. Chapter 232: Eosinophilic Fasciitis - p. 890 296. Chapter 233: Inflammatory Myopathy - p. 891 297. Chapter 234: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus - p. 897 298. Chapter 235: Systemic Sclerosis - p. 901 299. Chapter 236: Overlap Syndrome/Mixed Connective Tissue Disease - p. 905 300. CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISORDERS WITH ARACHNODACTYLY - p. 906 301. Chapter 237: Homocystinuria - p. 906 302. Chapter 238: Marfan and Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome - p. 907 303. SOFT TISSUE DISORDERS - p. 909 304. Chapter 239: Denervation Hypertrophy - p. 909 305. VASCULAR - p. 911 306. Chapter 240: Embolic Disease - p. 911 307. Chapter 241: Meningococcemia - p. 912 308. SECTION 7: ORTHOPEDIC IMPLANTS OR ARTHRODESIS - p. 913 309. ARTHROPLASTY AND ARTHRODESIS - p. 913 310. Chapter 242: Introduction to Arthroplasty - p. 913 311. Chapter 243: Hip Implant - p. 923 312. Chapter 244: Revision Arthroplasty - p. 929 313. Chapter 245: Knee Implant - p. 933 314. Chapter 246: Shoulder Implant - p. 939 315. Chapter 247: Elbow Implant - p. 943 316. Chapter 248: Ankle Implant - p. 945 317. Chapter 249: Ankle Arthrodesis - p. 947 318. Chapter 250: Small Joint Implants and Arthrodesis: Hand and Toes - p. 949 319. INTERNAL FIXATION - p. 955 320. Chapter 251: Hallux Valgus Corrections - p. 955 321. Chapter 252: Intramedullary Nail/Rod - p. 957 322. Chapter 253: Plate Fixation - p. 961 323. Chapter 254: Screw Fixation - p. 965 324. Chapter 255: External Fixation - p. 971 325. Chapter 256: Cement and Bone Fillers - p. 975 326. Chapter 257: Wire/Cerclage/Cable Fixation - p. 981 327. Chapter 258: Anchoring Devices - p. 982 328. SECTION 8: INFECTION - p. 983 329. OSTEOMYELITIS - p. 983 330. Chapter 259: Acute Osteomyelitis of Child - p. 983 331. Chapter 260: Acute Osteomyelitis of Adult - p. 989 332. Chapter 261: Spine Infection - p. 995 333. Chapter 262: Chronic Osteomyelitis - p. 1001 334. SOFT TISSUE AND JOINTS - p. 1005 335. Chapter 263: Septic Arthritis - p. 1005 336. Chapter 264: Infectious Tenosynovitis - p. 1011 337. Chapter 265: Infectious Bursitis - p. 1012 338. Chapter 266: Soft Tissue Infection - p. 1013 339. Chapter 267: Necrotizing Fasciitis - p. 1017 340. SPECIFIC PATHOGENS - p. 1019 341. Chapter 268: Tuberculosis - p. 1019 342. Chapter 269: Fungal Infection - p. 1025 343. Chapter 270: Brucellosis - p. 1027 344. Chapter 271: Madura Foot - p. 1028 345. Chapter 272: Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever - p. 1029 346. Chapter 273: Leprosy - p. 1030 347. Chapter 274: Syphilis - p. 1031 348. Chapter 275: Polio - p. 1032 349. Chapter 276: Parasitic Infection - p. 1033 350. CONDITIONS OF UNKNOWN ETIOLOGY - p. 1034 351. Chapter 277: SAPHO - p. 1034 352. Chapter 278: Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis - p. 1035 353. SECTION 9: BONE MARROW - p. 1037 354. DISTRIBUTION PATTERN - p. 1037 355. Chapter 279: Marrow Distribution: Normal - p. 1037 356. Chapter 280: Increased or Decreased Marrow Cellularity - p. 1043 357. Chapter 281: Diffuse Marrow Infiltration and Replacement - p. 1049 358. Chapter 282: Focal Marrow Infiltration and Replacement - p. 1055 359. BONE MARROW EDEMA - p. 1059 360. Chapter 283: Transient Bone Marrow Edema and Regional Migratory Osteoporosis - p. 1059 361. OSTEONECROSIS - p. 1061 362. Chapter 284: Introduction to Osteonecrosis - p. 1061 363. Chapter 285: Bone Infarct - p. 1065 364. Chapter 286: Osteonecrosis of Hip - p. 1069 365. Chapter 287: Osteonecrosis of Shoulder - p. 1075 366. Chapter 288: Osteonecrosis of Knee - p. 1079 367. Chapter 289: Osteonecrosis of Wrist - p. 1083 368. Chapter 290: Osteonecrosis of Ankle and Foot - p. 1087 369. Chapter 291: Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease - p. 1091 370. SECTION 10: METABOLIC BONE DISEASE - p. 1097 371. INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW - p. 1097 372. Chapter 292: Introduction to Metabolic Bone Disease - p. 1097 373. DISEASES OF CALCIUM HOMEOSTASIS - p. 1105 374. Chapter 293: Hyperparathyroidism - p. 1105 375. Chapter 294: Rickets and Osteomalacia - p. 1111 376. Chapter 295: Renal Osteodystrophy - p. 1115 377. Chapter 296: Dialysis-Related Disease, Metastatic Calcification - p. 1121 378. Chapter 297: Dialysis-Related Disease, Spondyloarthropathy - p. 1122 379. Chapter 298: Hypoparathyroidism, Pseudo- and Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism - p. 1123 380. OSTEOPOROSIS - p. 1125 381. Chapter 299: Primary Osteoporosis - p. 1125 382. Chapter 300: Disuse Osteoporosis - p. 1129 383. Chapter 301: Idiopathic Juvenile Osteoporosis - p. 1130 384. Chapter 302: Anorexia - p. 1131 385. Chapter 303: Osteoporosis: Other Causes - p. 1132 386. PITUITARY DISORDERS - p. 1133 387. Chapter 304: Pituitary Disorders: Acromegaly, Gigantism, and Growth Hormone Deficiency - p. 1133 388. THYROID DISEASE - p. 1135 389. Chapter 305: Hypothyroidism and Cretinism - p. 1135 390. Chapter 306: Hyperthyroidism - p. 1137 391. Chapter 307: Thyroid Acropachy - p. 1138 392. MISCELLANEOUS METABOLIC CONDITIONS - p. 1139 393. Chapter 308: Hypophosphatasia - p. 1139 394. Chapter 309: Cushing Syndrome - p. 1141 395. Chapter 310: Tumoral (Idiopathic) Calcinosis - p. 1142 396. SECTION 11: DRUG-INDUCED AND NUTRITIONAL MUSCULOSKELETAL CONDITIONS - p. 1143 397. DRUG-INDUCED EMBRYOPATHY - p. 1143 398. Chapter 311: Medications - p. 1143 399. Chapter 312: Alcohol - p. 1147 400. DRUG-INDUCED CONDITIONS - p. 1148 401. Chapter 313: Corticosteroids - p. 1148 402. Chapter 314: Bisphosphonates - p. 1149 403. Chapter 315: Antiepileptic Drugs - p. 1150 404. Chapter 316: Prostaglandins - p. 1151 405. Chapter 317: Hypervitaminosis A and Retinoids - p. 1152 406. Chapter 318: Vitamin D - p. 1153 407. Chapter 319: Voriconazole - p. 1154 408. Chapter 320: Fluoroquinolones - p. 1155 409. Chapter 321: Statins - p. 1156 410. Chapter 322: Metals and Minerals - p. 1157 411. Chapter 323: Alcohol and Recreational Drugs - p. 1159 412. NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCY - p. 1160 413. Chapter 324: Scurvy - p. 1160 414. INDEX - p. 1161
Covering the entire spectrum of this fast-changing field, Diagnostic Imaging: Musculoskeletal Non-Traumatic Disease, third edition, is an invaluable resource for musculoskeletal radiologists, general radiologists, and trainees—anyone who requires an easily accessible, highly visual reference in this complex area of imaging. Drs. Kirkland W. Davis, Donna G. Blankenbaker, Stephanie Bernard, and their team of highly regarded experts provide up-to-date information on recent advances in technology and the understanding of musculoskeletal diseases and disorders to help you make informed decisions at the point of care. The text is lavishly illustrated, delineated, and referenced, making it a useful learning tool as well as a handy reference for daily practice.
1. INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW - p. xiii 2. Chapter 1: Introduction to Arthritis - p. xiii 3. EROSIVE - p. 9 4. Chapter 2: Rheumatoid Arthritis of Axial Skeleton - p. 9 5. Chapter 3: Rheumatoid Arthritis of Shoulder and Elbow - p. 15 6. Chapter 4: Rheumatoid Arthritis of Wrist and Hand - p. 21 7. Chapter 5: Rheumatoid Arthritis of Hip - p. 27 8. Chapter 6: Rheumatoid Arthritis of Knee - p. 31 9. Chapter 7: Rheumatoid Arthritis of Ankle and Foot - p. 35 10. Chapter 8: Felty Syndrome - p. 39 11. Chapter 9: Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis - p. 41 12. Chapter 10: Adult Still Disease - p. 47 13. PRODUCTIVE - p. 49 14. Chapter 11: Osteoarthritis of Axial Skeleton - p. 49 15. Chapter 12: DISH - p. 53 16. Chapter 13: OPLL - p. 59 17. Chapter 14: Rapidly Progressive Osteoarthritis - p. 63 18. Chapter 15: Osteoarthritis of Shoulder and Elbow - p. 65 19. Chapter 16: Osteoarthritis of Wrist and Hand - p. 69 20. Chapter 17: Osteoarthritis of Hip - p. 73 21. Chapter 18: Osteoarthritis of Knee - p. 79 22. MIXED EROSIVE AND PRODUCTIVE - p. 85 23. Chapter 19: Ankylosing Spondylitis - p. 85 24. Chapter 20: Inflammatory Bowel Disease Arthritis - p. 91 25. Chapter 21: Psoriatic Arthritis - p. 97 26. Chapter 22: Chronic Reactive Arthritis - p. 103 27. DUE TO BIOCHEMICAL DISORDERS OR DEPOSITIONAL DISEASE - p. 109 28. Chapter 23: Gout - p. 109 29. Chapter 24: Pyrophosphate Arthropathy - p. 115 30. Chapter 25: Hydroxyapatite Deposition Disease - p. 121 31. Chapter 26: Amyloid Deposition - p. 127 32. Chapter 27: Hemochromatosis - p. 133 33. Chapter 28: Ochronosis - p. 134 34. Chapter 29: Wilson Disease - p. 135 35. Chapter 30: Oxalosis - p. 136 36. MISCELLANEOUS JOINT DISORDERS - p. 137 37. Chapter 31: Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor, Intraarticular - p. 137 38. Chapter 32: Intraarticular Chondroma - p. 143 39. Chapter 33: Multicentric Reticulohistiocytosis - p. 147 40. Chapter 34: Synovial Vascular Malformation - p. 148 41. Chapter 35: Synovial Chondromatosis - p. 149 42. Chapter 36: Neuropathic (Charcot) Arthropathy - p. 155 43. Chapter 37: Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy - p. 161 44. Chapter 38: Complex Regional Pain Syndrome - p. 167 45. SECTION 2: BONE TUMORS AND TUMOR-LIKE CONDITIONS - p. 173 46. INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW - p. 173 47. Chapter 39: Bone Tumors: Diagnosis, Staging, and Biopsy - p. 173 48. Chapter 40: Staging of Primary Malignant Bone Tumors - p. 183 49. Chapter 41: Bone Tumors: Treatment Options and Follow-Up - p. 185 50. BONE-FORMING TUMORS - p. 191 51. Chapter 42: Enostosis (Bone Island) - p. 191 52. Chapter 43: Osteoma - p. 195 53. Chapter 44: Osteoid Osteoma - p. 201 54. Chapter 45: Osteoblastoma - p. 207 55. Chapter 46: Conventional Osteosarcoma - p. 213 56. Chapter 47: Parosteal Osteosarcoma - p. 219 57. Chapter 48: Periosteal Osteosarcoma - p. 225 58. Chapter 49: Telangiectatic Osteosarcoma - p. 229 59. Chapter 50: Low-Grade Central Osteosarcoma - p. 233 60. Chapter 51: High-Grade Surface Osteosarcoma - p. 237 61. Chapter 52: Secondary Osteosarcoma - p. 239 62. CARTILAGE-FORMING TUMORS - p. 243 63. Chapter 53: Enchondroma - p. 243 64. Chapter 54: Osteochondroma - p. 249 65. Chapter 55: Multiple Hereditary Exostoses - p. 255 66. Chapter 56: Chondroblastoma - p. 261 67. Chapter 57: Chondromyxoid Fibroma - p. 265 68. Chapter 58: Periosteal Chondroma - p. 269 69. Chapter 59: Chondrosarcoma - p. 275 70. Chapter 60: Dedifferentiated Chondrosarcoma - p. 281 71. Chapter 61: Periosteal Chondrosarcoma - p. 283 72. Chapter 62: Clear Cell Chondrosarcoma - p. 285 73. MARROW TUMORS - p. 287 74. Chapter 63: Plasmacytoma - p. 287 75. Chapter 64: Multiple Myeloma - p. 293 76. Chapter 65: POEMS - p. 299 77. Chapter 66: Ewing Sarcoma - p. 301 78. Chapter 67: Leukemia: Bone Changes - p. 307 79. Chapter 68: Lymphoma of Bone - p. 311 80. Chapter 69: Metastases of Bone Marrow - p. 317 81. OTHER BONE TUMORS - p. 323 82. Chapter 70: Desmoplastic Fibroma - p. 323 83. Chapter 71: Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma of Bone - p. 327 84. Chapter 72: Fibrosarcoma of Bone - p. 331 85. Chapter 73: Lipoma of Bone - p. 333 86. Chapter 74: Giant Cell Tumor of Bone - p. 337 87. Chapter 75: Aneurysmal Bone Cyst - p. 343 88. Chapter 76: Adamantinoma - p. 349 89. Chapter 77: Hemangioma of Bone - p. 353 90. Chapter 78: Epithelioid Hemangioma - p. 359 91. Chapter 79: Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma of Bone - p. 361 92. Chapter 80: Angiosarcoma of Bone - p. 363 93. Chapter 81: Chordoma - p. 367 94. Chapter 82: Fibrous Dysplasia - p. 371 95. TUMOR-LIKE CONDITIONS - p. 377 96. Chapter 83: Paget Disease - p. 377 97. Chapter 84: Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis - p. 383 98. Chapter 85: Osteofibrous Dysplasia - p. 389 99. Chapter 86: Simple Bone Cyst - p. 395 100. Chapter 87: Nonossifying Fibroma - p. 401 101. Chapter 88: Trevor Fairbank Disease - p. 405 102. RADIATION-INDUCED ABNORMALITIES - p. 407 103. Chapter 89: Radiation-Induced Complications of Skeleton - p. 407 104. SECTION 3: SOFT TISSUE TUMORS - p. 413 105. INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW - p. 413 106. Chapter 90: Introduction to Soft Tissue Tumors - p. 413 107. Chapter 91: Staging of Soft Tissue Tumors - p. 423 108. ADIPOCYTIC TUMORS - p. 425 109. BENIGN ADIPOCYTIC TUMORS - p. 425 110. Chapter 92: Lipoma of Soft Tissue - p. 425 111. Chapter 93: Lipomatosis - p. 431 112. Chapter 94: Lipomatosis of Nerve - p. 437 113. Chapter 95: Macrodystrophia Lipomatosa - p. 441 114. Chapter 96: Lipoma Arborescens - p. 445 115. Chapter 97: Lipoblastoma/Lipoblastomatosis - p. 449 116. Chapter 98: Hibernoma - p. 451 117. Chapter 99: Parosteal Lipoma - p. 455 118. INTERMEDIATE ADIPOCYTIC TUMORS - p. 459 119. Chapter 100: Atypical Lipomatous Tumor/Well-Differentiated Liposarcoma - p. 459 120. MALIGNANT ADIPOCYTIC TUMORS - p. 463 121. Chapter 101: Myxoid Liposarcoma - p. 463 122. Chapter 102: Pleomorphic Liposarcoma - p. 467 123. Chapter 103: Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma - p. 468 124. FIBROBLASTIC/MYOFIBROBLASTIC TUMORS - p. 469 125. BENIGN FIBROUS TUMORS - p. 469 126. Chapter 104: Nodular and Proliferative Fasciitis - p. 469 127. Chapter 105: Bizarre Parosteal Osteochondromatous Proliferation - p. 470 128. Chapter 106: Elastofibroma - p. 471 129. Chapter 107: Fibrous Hamartoma of Infancy - p. 475 130. Chapter 108: Myofibroma/Myofibromatosis - p. 476 131. Chapter 109: Fibromatosis Colli - p. 477 132. Chapter 110: Juvenile Hyaline Fibromatosis - p. 478 133. Chapter 111: Fibroma of Tendon Sheath - p. 479 134. Chapter 112: Desmoplastic Fibroblastoma - p. 483 135. Chapter 113: Calcifying Aponeurotic Fibroma - p. 485 136. Chapter 114: Myositis Ossificans/Heterotopic Ossification - p. 487 137. INTERMEDIATE (LOCALLY AGGRESSIVE) FIBROUS TUMORS - p. 493 138. Chapter 115: Superficial Fibromatoses - p. 493 139. Chapter 116: Desmoid-Type Fibromatosis - p. 497 140. INTERMEDIATE (RARELY METASTASIZING) FIBROHISTIOCYTIC TUMORS - p. 503 141. Chapter 117: Solitary Fibrous Tumor - p. 503 142. Chapter 118: Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor - p. 509 143. Chapter 119: Infantile Fibrosarcoma - p. 513 144. MALIGNANT FIBROUS TUMORS - p. 515 145. Chapter 120: Fibrosarcoma of Soft Tissue - p. 515 146. Chapter 121: Myxofibrosarcoma - p. 519 147. Chapter 122: Low-Grade Fibromyxoid Sarcoma - p. 523 148. Chapter 123: Sclerosing Epithelioid Fibrosarcoma - p. 525 149. Chapter 124: Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans - p. 529 150. SO-CALLED FIBROHISTIOCYTIC TUMORS - p. 533 151. BENIGN FIBROHISTIOCYTIC TUMORS - p. 533 152. Chapter 125: Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor, Extraarticular - p. 533 153. Chapter 126: Deep Benign Fibrous Histiocytoma - p. 539 154. SMOOTH MUSCLE TUMORS - p. 541 155. SMOOTH MUSCLE TUMORS, BENIGN - p. 541 156. Chapter 127: Leiomyoma: Superficial and Deep - p. 541 157. SMOOTH MUSCLE TUMORS, MALIGNANT - p. 545 158. Chapter 128: Leiomyosarcoma - p. 545 159. PERICYTIC (PERIVASCULAR) TUMORS - p. 551 160. Chapter 129: Glomus Tumor - p. 551 161. Chapter 130: Angioleiomyoma - p. 555 162. SKELETAL MUSCLE TUMORS - p. 557 163. SKELETAL MUSCLE TUMORS, BENIGN - p. 557 164. Chapter 131: Rhabdomyoma - p. 557 165. SKELETAL MUSCLE TUMORS, MALIGNANT - p. 559 166. Chapter 132: Rhabdomyosarcoma - p. 559 167. VASCULAR AND LYMPHATIC TUMORS - p. 565 168. BENIGN VASCULAR TUMORS - p. 565 169. Chapter 133: Vascular Malformations - p. 565 170. Chapter 134: Hemangioma - p. 571 171. Chapter 135: Angiomatosis - p. 575 172. Chapter 136: Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome - p. 577 173. Chapter 137: Lymphatic Malformations - p. 581 174. INTERMEDIATE (RARELY METASTASIZING) VASCULAR TUMORS - p. 585 175. Chapter 138: Kaposi Sarcoma - p. 585 176. Chapter 139: Hemangioendothelioma of Soft Tissue - p. 589 177. MALIGNANT VASCULAR TUMORS - p. 591 178. Chapter 140: Angiosarcoma of Soft Tissue - p. 591 179. CHONDROOSSEOUS TUMORS - p. 595 180. Chapter 141: Chondroma of Soft Tissue - p. 595 181. Chapter 142: Extraskeletal Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma - p. 597 182. Chapter 143: Extraskeletal Osteosarcoma - p. 599 183. TUMORS OF UNCERTAIN DIFFERENTIATION - p. 603 184. BENIGN TUMORS OF UNCERTAIN DIFFERENTIATION - p. 603 185. Chapter 144: Phosphaturic Mesenchymal Tumor - p. 603 186. Chapter 145: Myxoma - p. 605 187. INTERMEDIATE TUMORS (RARELY METASTASIZING) OF UNCERTAIN DIFFERENTIATION - p. 611 188. Chapter 146: Angiomatoid Fibrous Histiocytoma - p. 611 189. Chapter 147: Ossifying Fibromyxoid Tumor - p. 613 190. MALIGNANT TUMORS OF UNCERTAIN DIFFERENTIATION - p. 615 191. Chapter 148: Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma - p. 615 192. Chapter 149: Synovial Sarcoma - p. 619 193. Chapter 150: Epithelioid Sarcoma - p. 625 194. Chapter 151: Clear Cell Sarcoma - p. 629 195. Chapter 152: Extraskeletal Myxoid Chondrosarcoma - p. 631 196. Chapter 153: Extraskeletal Ewing Sarcoma - p. 635 197. PERIPHERAL NERVE SHEATH TUMORS - p. 637 198. NONNEOPLASTIC - p. 637 199. Chapter 154: Morton Neuroma - p. 637 200. Chapter 155: Traumatic Neuroma - p. 641 201. NEUROFIBROMA - p. 643 202. Chapter 156: Neurofibroma - p. 643 203. SCHWANNOMA - p. 649 204. Chapter 157: Schwannoma - p. 649 205. MALIGNANT PERIPHERAL NERVE SHEATH TUMOR - p. 655 206. Chapter 158: Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor - p. 655 207. SKIN AND SUBCUTANEOUS LESIONS - p. 659 208. Chapter 159: Epidermoid/Epidermal Inclusion Cyst - p. 659 209. Chapter 160: Rheumatoid Nodule - p. 661 210. Chapter 161: Metastases of Soft Tissue - p. 665 211. Chapter 162: Melanoma - p. 669 212. SOFT TISSUE TUMOR MIMICS - p. 675 213. Chapter 163: Soft Tissue Tumor Mimics: Infection/Inflammation - p. 675 214. Chapter 164: Soft Tissue Tumor Mimics: Vascular - p. 679 215. Chapter 165: Soft Tissue Tumor Mimics: Crystal Disease - p. 683 216. Chapter 166: Soft Tissue Tumor Mimics: Other - p. 687 217. Chapter 167: Xanthoma - p. 693 218. SECTION 4: CONGENITAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL ABNORMALITIES - p. 697 219. GENERAL - p. 697 220. Chapter 168: Arthrogryposis - p. 697 221. Chapter 169: Amniotic Band Syndrome - p. 700 222. Chapter 170: Cerebral Palsy - p. 701 223. Chapter 171: Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21) - p. 702 224. Chapter 172: Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva - p. 703 225. Chapter 173: Muscular Dystrophy - p. 704 226. Chapter 174: Neurofibromatosis - p. 705 227. Chapter 175: Osteogenesis Imperfecta - p. 711 228. Chapter 176: Turner Syndrome - p. 717 229. UPPER EXTREMITY - p. 718 230. Chapter 177: Glenoid Hypoplasia - p. 718 231. Chapter 178: Madelung Deformity - p. 719 232. Chapter 179: Ulnar Variance - p. 723 233. LOWER EXTREMITY - p. 727 234. Chapter 180: Developmental Dysplasia of Hip - p. 727 235. Chapter 181: Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis - p. 733 236. Chapter 182: Proximal Femoral Focal Deficiency - p. 739 237. Chapter 183: Osgood-Schlatter Disease - p. 743 238. Chapter 184: Sinding-Larsen-Johansson Disease - p. 744 239. Chapter 185: Blount Disease - p. 745 240. Chapter 186: Pes Planus (Flatfoot) - p. 747 241. Chapter 187: Clubfoot (Talipes Equinovarus) - p. 753 242. Chapter 188: Congenital Vertical Talus (Rocker-Bottom Foot) - p. 757 243. Chapter 189: Pes Cavus - p. 758 244. Chapter 190: Tarsal Coalition - p. 759 245. SECTION 5: DYSPLASIAS - p. 765 246. SKELETAL DYSPLASIA - p. 765 247. SHORT LIMB LENGTH - p. 765 248. Chapter 191: Introduction to Skeletal Dysplasias - p. 765 249. Chapter 192: Achondroplasia - p. 771 250. Chapter 193: Pseudoachondroplasia - p. 775 251. Chapter 194: Achondrogenesis - p. 776 252. Chapter 195: Thanatophoric Dysplasia - p. 777 253. Chapter 196: Asphyxiating Thoracic Dystrophy of Jeune - p. 779 254. Chapter 197: Chondroectodermal Dysplasia (Ellis-van Creveld) - p. 780 255. Chapter 198: Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia - p. 781 256. Chapter 199: Multiple Epiphyseal Dysplasia - p. 785 257. NORMAL LIMB LENGTH - p. 789 258. Chapter 200: Ollier Disease - p. 789 259. Chapter 201: Maffucci Syndrome - p. 793 260. Chapter 202: Chondrodysplasia Punctata - p. 794 261. Chapter 203: Cleidocranial Dysplasia - p. 795 262. Chapter 204: Caffey Disease - p. 796 263. Chapter 205: Fong Disease (Nail Patella Syndrome) - p. 797 264. SCLEROSING DYSPLASIAS - p. 799 265. Chapter 206: Melorheostosis - p. 799 266. Chapter 207: Progressive Diaphyseal Dysplasia - p. 803 267. Chapter 208: Osteopetrosis - p. 807 268. Chapter 209: Pycnodysostosis - p. 813 269. Chapter 210: Osteitis Condensans - p. 817 270. Chapter 211: Osteitis Pubis: Nontraumatic Origin - p. 819 271. Chapter 212: Intramedullary Osteosclerosis - p. 821 272. Chapter 213: Other Sclerosing Conditions of Bone - p. 822 273. SECTION 6: SYSTEMIC DISEASES WITH MUSCULOSKELETAL INVOLVEMENT - p. 823 274. GENERAL - p. 823 275. Chapter 214: Complications of Paraplegia - p. 823 276. Chapter 215: Acroosteolysis - p. 829 277. Chapter 216: Sickle Cell Anemia - p. 833 278. Chapter 217: Thalassemia - p. 839 279. Chapter 218: Myelofibrosis - p. 845 280. Chapter 219: Hemophilia - p. 849 281. Chapter 220: Diabetes - p. 855 282. Chapter 221: HIV/AIDS - p. 861 283. Chapter 222: Sarcoidosis of Bone - p. 867 284. Chapter 223: Sarcoidosis of Muscle - p. 871 285. Chapter 224: Sarcoidosis of Joint - p. 873 286. Chapter 225: Sarcoidosis of Soft Tissue - p. 874 287. Chapter 226: Mastocytosis - p. 875 288. Chapter 227: Tuberous Sclerosis - p. 877 289. STORAGE DISORDERS - p. 881 290. Chapter 228: Gaucher Disease - p. 881 291. Chapter 229: Mucopolysaccharidoses - p. 885 292. Chapter 230: Erdheim-Chester Disease - p. 887 293. Chapter 231: Other Non-Langerhans Cell Histiocytoses - p. 889 294. CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISORDERS - p. 890 295. Chapter 232: Eosinophilic Fasciitis - p. 890 296. Chapter 233: Inflammatory Myopathy - p. 891 297. Chapter 234: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus - p. 897 298. Chapter 235: Systemic Sclerosis - p. 901 299. Chapter 236: Overlap Syndrome/Mixed Connective Tissue Disease - p. 905 300. CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISORDERS WITH ARACHNODACTYLY - p. 906 301. Chapter 237: Homocystinuria - p. 906 302. Chapter 238: Marfan and Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome - p. 907 303. SOFT TISSUE DISORDERS - p. 909 304. Chapter 239: Denervation Hypertrophy - p. 909 305. VASCULAR - p. 911 306. Chapter 240: Embolic Disease - p. 911 307. Chapter 241: Meningococcemia - p. 912 308. SECTION 7: ORTHOPEDIC IMPLANTS OR ARTHRODESIS - p. 913 309. ARTHROPLASTY AND ARTHRODESIS - p. 913 310. Chapter 242: Introduction to Arthroplasty - p. 913 311. Chapter 243: Hip Implant - p. 923 312. Chapter 244: Revision Arthroplasty - p. 929 313. Chapter 245: Knee Implant - p. 933 314. Chapter 246: Shoulder Implant - p. 939 315. Chapter 247: Elbow Implant - p. 943 316. Chapter 248: Ankle Implant - p. 945 317. Chapter 249: Ankle Arthrodesis - p. 947 318. Chapter 250: Small Joint Implants and Arthrodesis: Hand and Toes - p. 949 319. INTERNAL FIXATION - p. 955 320. Chapter 251: Hallux Valgus Corrections - p. 955 321. Chapter 252: Intramedullary Nail/Rod - p. 957 322. Chapter 253: Plate Fixation - p. 961 323. Chapter 254: Screw Fixation - p. 965 324. Chapter 255: External Fixation - p. 971 325. Chapter 256: Cement and Bone Fillers - p. 975 326. Chapter 257: Wire/Cerclage/Cable Fixation - p. 981 327. Chapter 258: Anchoring Devices - p. 982 328. SECTION 8: INFECTION - p. 983 329. OSTEOMYELITIS - p. 983 330. Chapter 259: Acute Osteomyelitis of Child - p. 983 331. Chapter 260: Acute Osteomyelitis of Adult - p. 989 332. Chapter 261: Spine Infection - p. 995 333. Chapter 262: Chronic Osteomyelitis - p. 1001 334. SOFT TISSUE AND JOINTS - p. 1005 335. Chapter 263: Septic Arthritis - p. 1005 336. Chapter 264: Infectious Tenosynovitis - p. 1011 337. Chapter 265: Infectious Bursitis - p. 1012 338. Chapter 266: Soft Tissue Infection - p. 1013 339. Chapter 267: Necrotizing Fasciitis - p. 1017 340. SPECIFIC PATHOGENS - p. 1019 341. Chapter 268: Tuberculosis - p. 1019 342. Chapter 269: Fungal Infection - p. 1025 343. Chapter 270: Brucellosis - p. 1027 344. Chapter 271: Madura Foot - p. 1028 345. Chapter 272: Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever - p. 1029 346. Chapter 273: Leprosy - p. 1030 347. Chapter 274: Syphilis - p. 1031 348. Chapter 275: Polio - p. 1032 349. Chapter 276: Parasitic Infection - p. 1033 350. CONDITIONS OF UNKNOWN ETIOLOGY - p. 1034 351. Chapter 277: SAPHO - p. 1034 352. Chapter 278: Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis - p. 1035 353. SECTION 9: BONE MARROW - p. 1037 354. DISTRIBUTION PATTERN - p. 1037 355. Chapter 279: Marrow Distribution: Normal - p. 1037 356. Chapter 280: Increased or Decreased Marrow Cellularity - p. 1043 357. Chapter 281: Diffuse Marrow Infiltration and Replacement - p. 1049 358. Chapter 282: Focal Marrow Infiltration and Replacement - p. 1055 359. BONE MARROW EDEMA - p. 1059 360. Chapter 283: Transient Bone Marrow Edema and Regional Migratory Osteoporosis - p. 1059 361. OSTEONECROSIS - p. 1061 362. Chapter 284: Introduction to Osteonecrosis - p. 1061 363. Chapter 285: Bone Infarct - p. 1065 364. Chapter 286: Osteonecrosis of Hip - p. 1069 365. Chapter 287: Osteonecrosis of Shoulder - p. 1075 366. Chapter 288: Osteonecrosis of Knee - p. 1079 367. Chapter 289: Osteonecrosis of Wrist - p. 1083 368. Chapter 290: Osteonecrosis of Ankle and Foot - p. 1087 369. Chapter 291: Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease - p. 1091 370. SECTION 10: METABOLIC BONE DISEASE - p. 1097 371. INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW - p. 1097 372. Chapter 292: Introduction to Metabolic Bone Disease - p. 1097 373. DISEASES OF CALCIUM HOMEOSTASIS - p. 1105 374. Chapter 293: Hyperparathyroidism - p. 1105 375. Chapter 294: Rickets and Osteomalacia - p. 1111 376. Chapter 295: Renal Osteodystrophy - p. 1115 377. Chapter 296: Dialysis-Related Disease, Metastatic Calcification - p. 1121 378. Chapter 297: Dialysis-Related Disease, Spondyloarthropathy - p. 1122 379. Chapter 298: Hypoparathyroidism, Pseudo- and Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism - p. 1123 380. OSTEOPOROSIS - p. 1125 381. Chapter 299: Primary Osteoporosis - p. 1125 382. Chapter 300: Disuse Osteoporosis - p. 1129 383. Chapter 301: Idiopathic Juvenile Osteoporosis - p. 1130 384. Chapter 302: Anorexia - p. 1131 385. Chapter 303: Osteoporosis: Other Causes - p. 1132 386. PITUITARY DISORDERS - p. 1133 387. Chapter 304: Pituitary Disorders: Acromegaly, Gigantism, and Growth Hormone Deficiency - p. 1133 388. THYROID DISEASE - p. 1135 389. Chapter 305: Hypothyroidism and Cretinism - p. 1135 390. Chapter 306: Hyperthyroidism - p. 1137 391. Chapter 307: Thyroid Acropachy - p. 1138 392. MISCELLANEOUS METABOLIC CONDITIONS - p. 1139 393. Chapter 308: Hypophosphatasia - p. 1139 394. Chapter 309: Cushing Syndrome - p. 1141 395. Chapter 310: Tumoral (Idiopathic) Calcinosis - p. 1142 396. SECTION 11: DRUG-INDUCED AND NUTRITIONAL MUSCULOSKELETAL CONDITIONS - p. 1143 397. DRUG-INDUCED EMBRYOPATHY - p. 1143 398. Chapter 311: Medications - p. 1143 399. Chapter 312: Alcohol - p. 1147 400. DRUG-INDUCED CONDITIONS - p. 1148 401. Chapter 313: Corticosteroids - p. 1148 402. Chapter 314: Bisphosphonates - p. 1149 403. Chapter 315: Antiepileptic Drugs - p. 1150 404. Chapter 316: Prostaglandins - p. 1151 405. Chapter 317: Hypervitaminosis A and Retinoids - p. 1152 406. Chapter 318: Vitamin D - p. 1153 407. Chapter 319: Voriconazole - p. 1154 408. Chapter 320: Fluoroquinolones - p. 1155 409. Chapter 321: Statins - p. 1156 410. Chapter 322: Metals and Minerals - p. 1157 411. Chapter 323: Alcohol and Recreational Drugs - p. 1159 412. NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCY - p. 1160 413. Chapter 324: Scurvy - p. 1160 414. INDEX - p. 1161
