Near-Boundary Fluid Mechanics focuses on the near-boundary region and its significance. It delves into topics like boundary shear stress, drag reduction using polymer additives, turbulence sources, secondary currents, log-law validity, sediment transport, and more. Unlike similar books, it emphasizes the importance of the near-boundary region. This book is organized into chapters covering internal flows, external flows, loose boundary flows, and density currents. It extends Prandtl's fundamental concept to internal flows, showing how potential flow theory can describe flow without a solid boundary.
In addition, the book provides a theoretical analysis of boundary shear stress in three-dimensional flows and explores the turbulent structures in drag-reduction flows. A key feature is clarifying the role of wall-normal velocity in mass, moment, and energy transfer. Additionally, Archimedes' principle is covered to explain pressure drag and establishes a relationship between wake volume and hydrodynamic force.
1. Chapter 1. Introduction to governing equations - p. 1 2. Abstract - p. 1 3. Chapter Outline - p. 1 4. 1.1 Classification of fluid flows - p. 1 5. 1.2 Units and dimensional analysis - p. 4 6. 1.3 Historical progress in fluid mechanics - p. 6 7. 1.4 Progress toward solution of N-S equations - p. 18 8. 1.5 Airy wave theory (inviscid fluid) - p. 36 9. 1.6 Conclusions - p. 53 10. Nomenclature - p. 54 11. References - p. 56 12. Further reading - p. 56 13. Chapter 2. One-dimensional internal flow - p. 59 14. Abstract - p. 59 15. Chapter Outline - p. 59 16. 2.1 Uniform and gradually varied open channel flows (a≈0) - p. 59 17. 2.2 Rapid varied open-channel flows (a≠0) - p. 73 18. 2.3 Pipe flows - p. 87 19. 2.4 Flow measurement (a>0) - p. 97 20. 2.5 Eddy inertial force - p. 104 21. 2.6 Conclusions - p. 111 22. Nomenclature - p. 111 23. References - p. 113 24. Chapter 3. Internal, steady, and uniform two-dimensional flows (a=0) - p. 115 25. Abstract - p. 115 26. Chapter Outline - p. 115 27. 3.1 Flows in pipes and open channels - p. 115 28. 3.2 Dou Guo-Ren’s stochastic theory - p. 132 29. 3.3 Applications of Dou’s theory - p. 145 30. 3.4 Viscoelastic flow of polymer solution - p. 154 31. 3.5 Progress in turbulence research - p. 163 32. 3.6 Progress in drag reduction flow research - p. 183 33. 3.7 Separation flow of large roughness element - p. 204 34. 3.8 Conclusions - p. 215 35. Nomenclature - p. 216 36. References - p. 220 37. Further reading - p. 220 38. Chapter 4. Steady and nonuniform flows or unsteady flows (a≠0) - p. 225 39. Abstract - p. 225 40. Chapter Outline - p. 225 41. 4.1 Introduction - p. 225 42. 4.2 Unsteady 1D flow (∂/∂t≠0) - p. 229 43. 4.3 Steady accelerating 2D flows (∂/∂t=0, ∂u/∂x>0) - p. 247 44. 4.4 Steady decelerating 2D flows (∂/∂t=0, ∂u/∂x<0) - p. 260 45. 4.5 Unsteady 2D flows (∂/∂t≠0) - p. 277 46. 4.6 Conclusions - p. 294 47. Nomenclature - p. 295 48. References - p. 297 49. Chapter 5. Mechanism of energy transport and boundary shear stress distribution in 3D flows - p. 301 50. Abstract - p. 301 51. Chapter Outline - p. 301 52. 5.1 Introduction - p. 301 53. 5.2 Mechanism of energy transport - p. 306 54. 5.3 Smooth prismatic channels - p. 315 55. 5.4 Roughness effect - p. 335 56. 5.5 Einstein and meandering rivers - p. 343 57. 5.6 Discussion - p. 351 58. 5.7 Conclusions - p. 357 59. Nomenclature - p. 357 60. References - p. 359 61. Chapter 6. Velocity, turbulent structures, and friction factor in three-dimensional flows - p. 363 62. Abstract - p. 363 63. Chapter Outline - p. 363 64. 6.1 Mechanism of secondary currents in straight channels - p. 363 65. 6.2 Division lines, secondary currents, and turbulent structures - p. 377 66. 6.3 Velocity profiles along the path of energy transfer in smooth channels - p. 396 67. 6.4 Velocity profiles in roughened channels - p. 413 68. 6.5 Friction factors - p. 436 69. 6.6 Conclusions - p. 450 70. Nomenclature - p. 451 71. References - p. 453 72. Chapter 7. Time-averaged and event-averaged Navier–Stokes equations - p. 459 73. Abstract - p. 459 74. Chapter Outline - p. 459 75. 7.1 Introduction - p. 459 76. 7.2 Revisit experiment and his (1895) interpretations - p. 462 77. 7.3 Advances in experimental and theoretical research - p. 472 78. 7.4 Event-based averaged Navier–Stokes equation - p. 486 79. 7.5 Comparisons and predictions in cases of v>0, v<0, and v=0 - p. 502 80. 7.6 Conclusions - p. 514 81. Nomenclature - p. 515 82. References - p. 517 83. Further reading - p. 517 84. Chapter 8. Boundary layer flow - p. 523 85. Abstract - p. 523 86. Chapter Outline - p. 523 87. 8.1 Introduction - p. 523 88. 8.2 Previous research - p. 534 89. 8.3 Separation condition - p. 549 90. 8.4 Solution of Prandtl’s equation - p. 563 91. 8.5 Roughened boundary layer flows - p. 579 92. 8.6 Conclusions - p. 589 93. Nomenclature - p. 590 94. References - p. 593 95. Chapter 9. Form drag and its coexistence with skin friction - p. 597 96. Abstract - p. 597 97. Chapter Outline - p. 597 98. 9.1 The pressure-based boundary layer and Archimedes’ second law - p. 597 99. 9.2 Flat plate normal to flow - p. 610 100. 9.3 Spheres and cylinders - p. 627 101. 9.4 Other shapes - p. 645 102. 9.5 Mechanism of 3D roughness - p. 658 103. 9.6 Conclusions - p. 676 104. Nomenclature - p. 677 105. References - p. 680 106. Further reading - p. 680 107. Chapter 10. Loose boundary fluid mechanics - p. 685 108. Abstract - p. 685 109. Chapter Outline - p. 685 110. 10.1 Introduction - p. 685 111. 10.2 Incipient motion - p. 705 112. 10.3 Bedforms and flow resistance - p. 721 113. 10.4 Individual's great contributions - p. 735 114. 10.5 Total load - p. 747 115. 10.6 Sediment discharge by unsteady and nonuniform flows - p. 764 116. 10.7 Conclusions - p. 778 117. Nomenclature - p. 779 118. References - p. 782 119. Chapter 11. Turbulent two-phase flow - p. 791 120. Abstract - p. 791 121. Chapter Outline - p. 791 122. 11.1 Governing equations of two-phase flows - p. 791 123. 11.2 Influence of solid particles on turbulence structures - p. 813 124. 11.3 How vertical motion v affects mass transfer - p. 823 125. 11.4 Unifying mechanism for sediment transport by water and air - p. 841 126. 11.5 Conclusions - p. 853 127. Nomenclature - p. 854 128. References - p. 856 129. Chapter 12. Density currents and downward velocity - p. 863 130. Abstract - p. 863 131. Chapter Outline - p. 863 132. 12.1 Plunging conditions and downward velocity - p. 863 133. 12.2 Density currents by sediment - p. 867 134. 12.3 Density currents/stratification by salinity - p. 878 135. 12.4 Density currents/stratification by temperature - p. 890 136. 12.5 Water circulation induced by winds - p. 899 137. 12.6 Conclusions - p. 910 138. Nomenclature - p. 911 139. References - p. 913 140. Index - p. 919
Near-Boundary Fluid Mechanics focuses on the near-boundary region and its significance. It delves into topics like boundary shear stress, drag reduction using polymer additives, turbulence sources, secondary currents, log-law validity, sediment transport, and more. Unlike similar books, it emphasizes the importance of the near-boundary region. This book is organized into chapters covering internal flows, external flows, loose boundary flows, and density currents. It extends Prandtl's fundamental concept to internal flows, showing how potential flow theory can describe flow without a solid boundary.
In addition, the book provides a theoretical analysis of boundary shear stress in three-dimensional flows and explores the turbulent structures in drag-reduction flows. A key feature is clarifying the role of wall-normal velocity in mass, moment, and energy transfer. Additionally, Archimedes' principle is covered to explain pressure drag and establishes a relationship between wake volume and hydrodynamic force.
1. Chapter 1. Introduction to governing equations - p. 1 2. Abstract - p. 1 3. Chapter Outline - p. 1 4. 1.1 Classification of fluid flows - p. 1 5. 1.2 Units and dimensional analysis - p. 4 6. 1.3 Historical progress in fluid mechanics - p. 6 7. 1.4 Progress toward solution of N-S equations - p. 18 8. 1.5 Airy wave theory (inviscid fluid) - p. 36 9. 1.6 Conclusions - p. 53 10. Nomenclature - p. 54 11. References - p. 56 12. Further reading - p. 56 13. Chapter 2. One-dimensional internal flow - p. 59 14. Abstract - p. 59 15. Chapter Outline - p. 59 16. 2.1 Uniform and gradually varied open channel flows (a≈0) - p. 59 17. 2.2 Rapid varied open-channel flows (a≠0) - p. 73 18. 2.3 Pipe flows - p. 87 19. 2.4 Flow measurement (a>0) - p. 97 20. 2.5 Eddy inertial force - p. 104 21. 2.6 Conclusions - p. 111 22. Nomenclature - p. 111 23. References - p. 113 24. Chapter 3. Internal, steady, and uniform two-dimensional flows (a=0) - p. 115 25. Abstract - p. 115 26. Chapter Outline - p. 115 27. 3.1 Flows in pipes and open channels - p. 115 28. 3.2 Dou Guo-Ren’s stochastic theory - p. 132 29. 3.3 Applications of Dou’s theory - p. 145 30. 3.4 Viscoelastic flow of polymer solution - p. 154 31. 3.5 Progress in turbulence research - p. 163 32. 3.6 Progress in drag reduction flow research - p. 183 33. 3.7 Separation flow of large roughness element - p. 204 34. 3.8 Conclusions - p. 215 35. Nomenclature - p. 216 36. References - p. 220 37. Further reading - p. 220 38. Chapter 4. Steady and nonuniform flows or unsteady flows (a≠0) - p. 225 39. Abstract - p. 225 40. Chapter Outline - p. 225 41. 4.1 Introduction - p. 225 42. 4.2 Unsteady 1D flow (∂/∂t≠0) - p. 229 43. 4.3 Steady accelerating 2D flows (∂/∂t=0, ∂u/∂x>0) - p. 247 44. 4.4 Steady decelerating 2D flows (∂/∂t=0, ∂u/∂x<0) - p. 260 45. 4.5 Unsteady 2D flows (∂/∂t≠0) - p. 277 46. 4.6 Conclusions - p. 294 47. Nomenclature - p. 295 48. References - p. 297 49. Chapter 5. Mechanism of energy transport and boundary shear stress distribution in 3D flows - p. 301 50. Abstract - p. 301 51. Chapter Outline - p. 301 52. 5.1 Introduction - p. 301 53. 5.2 Mechanism of energy transport - p. 306 54. 5.3 Smooth prismatic channels - p. 315 55. 5.4 Roughness effect - p. 335 56. 5.5 Einstein and meandering rivers - p. 343 57. 5.6 Discussion - p. 351 58. 5.7 Conclusions - p. 357 59. Nomenclature - p. 357 60. References - p. 359 61. Chapter 6. Velocity, turbulent structures, and friction factor in three-dimensional flows - p. 363 62. Abstract - p. 363 63. Chapter Outline - p. 363 64. 6.1 Mechanism of secondary currents in straight channels - p. 363 65. 6.2 Division lines, secondary currents, and turbulent structures - p. 377 66. 6.3 Velocity profiles along the path of energy transfer in smooth channels - p. 396 67. 6.4 Velocity profiles in roughened channels - p. 413 68. 6.5 Friction factors - p. 436 69. 6.6 Conclusions - p. 450 70. Nomenclature - p. 451 71. References - p. 453 72. Chapter 7. Time-averaged and event-averaged Navier–Stokes equations - p. 459 73. Abstract - p. 459 74. Chapter Outline - p. 459 75. 7.1 Introduction - p. 459 76. 7.2 Revisit experiment and his (1895) interpretations - p. 462 77. 7.3 Advances in experimental and theoretical research - p. 472 78. 7.4 Event-based averaged Navier–Stokes equation - p. 486 79. 7.5 Comparisons and predictions in cases of v>0, v<0, and v=0 - p. 502 80. 7.6 Conclusions - p. 514 81. Nomenclature - p. 515 82. References - p. 517 83. Further reading - p. 517 84. Chapter 8. Boundary layer flow - p. 523 85. Abstract - p. 523 86. Chapter Outline - p. 523 87. 8.1 Introduction - p. 523 88. 8.2 Previous research - p. 534 89. 8.3 Separation condition - p. 549 90. 8.4 Solution of Prandtl’s equation - p. 563 91. 8.5 Roughened boundary layer flows - p. 579 92. 8.6 Conclusions - p. 589 93. Nomenclature - p. 590 94. References - p. 593 95. Chapter 9. Form drag and its coexistence with skin friction - p. 597 96. Abstract - p. 597 97. Chapter Outline - p. 597 98. 9.1 The pressure-based boundary layer and Archimedes’ second law - p. 597 99. 9.2 Flat plate normal to flow - p. 610 100. 9.3 Spheres and cylinders - p. 627 101. 9.4 Other shapes - p. 645 102. 9.5 Mechanism of 3D roughness - p. 658 103. 9.6 Conclusions - p. 676 104. Nomenclature - p. 677 105. References - p. 680 106. Further reading - p. 680 107. Chapter 10. Loose boundary fluid mechanics - p. 685 108. Abstract - p. 685 109. Chapter Outline - p. 685 110. 10.1 Introduction - p. 685 111. 10.2 Incipient motion - p. 705 112. 10.3 Bedforms and flow resistance - p. 721 113. 10.4 Individual's great contributions - p. 735 114. 10.5 Total load - p. 747 115. 10.6 Sediment discharge by unsteady and nonuniform flows - p. 764 116. 10.7 Conclusions - p. 778 117. Nomenclature - p. 779 118. References - p. 782 119. Chapter 11. Turbulent two-phase flow - p. 791 120. Abstract - p. 791 121. Chapter Outline - p. 791 122. 11.1 Governing equations of two-phase flows - p. 791 123. 11.2 Influence of solid particles on turbulence structures - p. 813 124. 11.3 How vertical motion v affects mass transfer - p. 823 125. 11.4 Unifying mechanism for sediment transport by water and air - p. 841 126. 11.5 Conclusions - p. 853 127. Nomenclature - p. 854 128. References - p. 856 129. Chapter 12. Density currents and downward velocity - p. 863 130. Abstract - p. 863 131. Chapter Outline - p. 863 132. 12.1 Plunging conditions and downward velocity - p. 863 133. 12.2 Density currents by sediment - p. 867 134. 12.3 Density currents/stratification by salinity - p. 878 135. 12.4 Density currents/stratification by temperature - p. 890 136. 12.5 Water circulation induced by winds - p. 899 137. 12.6 Conclusions - p. 910 138. Nomenclature - p. 911 139. References - p. 913 140. Index - p. 919
