Veterinary Medicine

1. Introduction - p. xii 2. List of Tables - p. xxiv 3. List of Illustrations - p. xxvii 4. 1 Clinical Examination and Making a Diagnosis - p. 1 5. 2 Examination of the Population - p. 29 6. 3 Biosecurity and Infection Control - p. 36 7. 4 General Systemic States - p. 43 8. Body Temperature - p. 43 9. Hypothermia - p. 44 10. Further Reading - p. 50 11. Reference - p. 50 12. Cold Injury (Frostbite and Chilblains) - p. 50 13. Etiology - p. 51 14. Pathogenesis - p. 52 15. Clinical Findings - p. 52 16. Clinical Pathology - p. 53 17. Treatment - p. 53 18. Control - p. 53 19. Further Reading - p. 53 20. References - p. 54 21. Etiology - p. 54 22. Pathogenesis - p. 54 23. Clinical Findings - p. 55 24. Clinical Pathology - p. 55 25. Treatment - p. 55 26. Further Reading - p. 56 27. Further Reading - p. 56 28. References - p. 57 29. Etiology: All Species - p. 57 30. Epidemiology - p. 57 31. Pathogenesis - p. 57 32. Clinical Findings - p. 58 33. Clinical Pathology - p. 58 34. Treatment - p. 59 35. Further Reading - p. 59 36. References - p. 59 37. Etiology - p. 59 38. Pathogenesis - p. 60 39. Clinical Findings - p. 63 40. Clinical Pathology - p. 63 41. Necropsy Findings - p. 64 42. Treatment - p. 64 43. Control of Endotoxemia - p. 66 44. Further Reading - p. 66 45. References - p. 67 46. Puerperal Metritis in Cattle - p. 67 47. Further Reading - p. 70 48. References - p. 71 49. Etiology - p. 71 50. Pathogenesis - p. 72 51. Clinical Findings - p. 73 52. Clinical Pathology - p. 73 53. Necropsy Findings - p. 74 54. Treatment - p. 74 55. Further Reading - p. 76 56. References - p. 76 57. Etiology - p. 76 58. Portal of Entry - p. 77 59. Pathogenesis - p. 77 60. Clinical Findings - p. 77 61. Clinical Pathology - p. 78 62. Treatment - p. 78 63. References - p. 78 64. The Problem of Pain - p. 78 65. Advances in Attitude Toward Pain - p. 79 66. Etiology - p. 79 67. Pathogenesis - p. 79 68. Clinical Findings - p. 80 69. Treatment - p. 81 70. Further Reading - p. 84 71. References - p. 84 72. Causes of Stress - p. 84 73. Pathogenesis - p. 85 74. Clinical Pathology - p. 85 75. Stress Syndromes - p. 86 76. Management of Stress - p. 87 77. Further Reading - p. 87 78. References - p. 87 79. Thirst - p. 87 80. Polyphagia - p. 88 81. Anophagia or Aphagia - p. 88 82. Further Reading - p. 88 83. Reference - p. 88 84. Pica or Allotriophagia - p. 88 85. Starvation - p. 89 86. Further Reading - p. 90 87. References - p. 90 88. Weight Loss or Failure to Gain Weight (Ill-Thrift) - p. 90 89. Further Reading - p. 94 90. References - p. 94 91. Etiology - p. 94 92. Epidemiology - p. 95 93. Clinical and Necropsy Findings - p. 95 94. Further Reading - p. 95 95. References - p. 96 96. Etiology - p. 96 97. Epidemiology - p. 96 98. Pathogenesis - p. 96 99. Clinical Signs - p. 96 100. Pathology - p. 96 101. Treatment - p. 96 102. Control - p. 96 103. References - p. 96 104. Further Reading - p. 97 105. Exhaustion - p. 97 106. Pathogenesis - p. 97 107. Clinical Signs - p. 97 108. Treatment - p. 97 109. Prevention - p. 97 110. References - p. 97 111. Approach to the Horse With Exercise Intolerance - p. 98 112. Causes of Exercise Intolerance or Poor Performance - p. 98 113. Treatment - p. 99 114. Further Reading - p. 99 115. References - p. 99 116. Sudden or Unexpected Death in Single Animals - p. 99 117. Sudden Death in Horses - p. 100 118. Sudden or Unexpected Death in a Group of Animals - p. 100 119. Procedure for Investigation of Sudden Death - p. 101 120. Further Reading - p. 101 121. References - p. 101 122. Etiology - p. 101 123. Epidemiology - p. 101 124. Pathogenesis - p. 102 125. Clinical Findings - p. 102 126. Clinical Pathology - p. 102 127. Necropsy Findings - p. 102 128. Treatment - p. 103 129. Control - p. 103 130. Further Reading - p. 103 131. References - p. 103 132. Plants Causing Sudden Death Without Cardiomyopathy - p. 103 133. Lightning Strike and Electrocution - p. 103 134. Further Reading - p. 105 135. References - p. 105 136. Etiology - p. 105 137. Epidemiology - p. 105 138. Pathogenesis - p. 105 139. Clinical Findings - p. 105 140. Further Reading - p. 106 141. References - p. 106 142. Pollution From Outside the Farm - p. 106 143. Pollution From Farms - p. 106 144. Noise - p. 106 145. References - p. 106 146. Further Reading - p. 107 147. Etiology - p. 107 148. Epidemiology - p. 107 149. Pathogenesis - p. 108 150. Clinical Findings - p. 108 151. Clinical Pathology - p. 108 152. Necropsy Findings - p. 108 153. Control - p. 108 154. References - p. 109 155. Blast and Gas Damage - p. 109 156. References - p. 109 157. Etiology - p. 110 158. Epidemiology - p. 110 159. Clinical Findings - p. 110 160. Treatment - p. 110 161. Further Reading - p. 111 162. Diagnosis - p. 112 163. Control of Inherited Disease - p. 112 164. Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals - p. 112 165. References - p. 112 166. 5 Disturbances of Free Water, Electrolytes, Acid-Base Balance, and Oncotic Pressure - p. 113 167. Water Intoxication - p. 115 168. Further Reading - p. 116 169. References - p. 116 170. Hyponatremia - p. 116 171. Hypernatremia - p. 118 172. Hypochloremia - p. 118 173. Hypokalemia - p. 118 174. Hyperkalemia - p. 120 175. Hypocalcemia - p. 121 176. Hypophospatemia - p. 122 177. Hypomagnesemia - p. 123 178. Further Reading - p. 123 179. References - p. 123 180. Oncotic Pressure and Edema - p. 128 181. Further Reading - p. 130 182. References - p. 130 183. Nature of the Disease and History - p. 132 184. Clinical Findings - p. 132 185. Clinical Pathology - p. 132 186. Further Reading - p. 136 187. References - p. 136 188. Calculation of Electrolyte Requirements - p. 137 189. Types of Intravenous Fluid - p. 137 190. Practical Administration of Electrolyte Solutions - p. 143 191. Quantity of Fluids Required and Routes of Administration - p. 145 192. Oral Fluid Therapy - p. 147 193. Parenteral Nutrition - p. 151 194. Further Reading - p. 152 195. References - p. 152 196. 6 Practical Antimicrobial Therapeutics - p. 153 197. 7 Diseases of the Alimentary Tract - p. 175 198. Principles of Alimentary Tract Dysfunction - p. 176 199. Manifestations of Alimentary Tract Dysfunction - p. 178 200. Special Examination - p. 183 201. Relief of Abdominal Pain - p. 191 202. Relief of Distension - p. 191 203. Replacement of Fluids and Electrolytes - p. 191 204. Correction of Abnormal Motility - p. 191 205. Relief of Tenesmus - p. 192 206. Reconstitution of Rumen Flora and Correction of Acidity OR Alkalinity - p. 192 207. Further Reading - p. 192 208. References - p. 192 209. Diseases of the Muzzle - p. 192 210. Stomatitis - p. 192 211. References - p. 194 212. References - p. 195 213. References - p. 196 214. Pharyngitis - p. 196 215. References - p. 197 216. Pharyngeal Obstruction - p. 197 217. Reference - p. 198 218. Esophagitis - p. 198 219. References - p. 199 220. References - p. 203 221. Gastritis - p. 203 222. Enteritis (Including Malabsorption, Enteropathy, and Diarrhea) - p. 204 223. Intestinal Hypermotility - p. 213 224. Dietary Diarrhea - p. 213 225. Reference - p. 215 226. References - p. 215 227. Peritonitis - p. 215 228. References - p. 220 229. Further Reading - p. 236 230. References - p. 236 231. Further Reading - p. 237 232. References - p. 237 233. Further Reading - p. 239 234. References - p. 240 235. References - p. 242 236. Further Reading - p. 242 237. References - p. 242 238. References - p. 246 239. Further Reading - p. 251 240. References - p. 251 241. Intestinal Obstruction IN Horses - p. 252 242. References - p. 255 243. References - p. 257 244. Further Reading - p. 259 245. References - p. 259 246. References - p. 262 247. References - p. 264 248. References - p. 266 249. Further Reading - p. 267 250. References - p. 267 251. Further Reading - p. 268 252. References - p. 268 253. Further Reading - p. 269 254. References - p. 269 255. Spasmodic Colic - p. 269 256. References - p. 269 257. Further Reading - p. 270 258. References - p. 270 259. Reference - p. 271 260. References - p. 273 261. Further Reading - p. 276 262. References - p. 276 263. Further Reading - p. 280 264. References - p. 280 265. References - p. 282 266. References - p. 282 267. Further Reading - p. 283 268. References - p. 283 269. Further Reading - p. 283 270. References - p. 283 271. Further Reading - p. 286 272. References - p. 286 273. Further Reading - p. 286 274. References - p. 286 275. Acute Gastric Dilatation IN Pigs - p. 287 276. Acute Gastric Volvulus IN Sows - p. 287 277. Gastric Ulcers and Hyperkeratosis of Swine - p. 287 278. References - p. 290 279. Intestinal Reflux - p. 290 280. Intestinal Obstruction IN Pigs - p. 290 281. Impaction of the Large Intestine of Pigs - p. 290 282. Intestinal Tympany IN Pigs - p. 291 283. Osseus Metaplasia - p. 291 284. Intestinal Hemorrhage Syndrome - p. 291 285. Reference - p. 291 286. Diverticulitis and Ileitis of Pigs - p. 291 287. Rectal Prolapse - p. 291 288. Rectal Prolapse IN Pigs - p. 291 289. Rectal Stricture - p. 292 290. Salmonellosis in Swine (Paratyphoid) - p. 292 291. References - p. 307 292. References - p. 311 293. Edema Disease (Gut Edema, Escherichia Coli Enterotoxemia) - p. 312 294. References - p. 315 295. Further Reading - p. 319 296. References - p. 320 297. Further Reading - p. 321 298. References - p. 321 299. References - p. 327 300. Brachyspiral Colitis (Swine Dysentery, Porcine Spirochetal Colitis) and Nonspecific Colitis - p. 327 301. References - p. 334 302. References - p. 334 303. References - p. 335 304. References - p. 337 305. Reference - p. 337 306. References - p. 338 307. References - p. 340 308. References - p. 341 309. Porcine Adenoviruses - p. 341 310. References - p. 341 311. References - p. 341 312. References - p. 342 313. References - p. 342 314. References - p. 342 315. Porcine Orbiviruses - p. 342 316. Reference - p. 342 317. References - p. 342 318. References - p. 342 319. References - p. 343 320. References - p. 343 321. References - p. 350 322. Further Reading - p. 353 323. References - p. 353 324. Further Reading - p. 355 325. References - p. 355 326. Vesicular Exanthema of Swine - p. 355 327. Further Reading - p. 372 328. References - p. 372 329. Further Reading - p. 377 330. References - p. 377 331. Further Reading - p. 379 332. References - p. 379 333. References - p. 381 334. References - p. 384 335. References - p. 384 336. Further Reading - p. 393 337. References - p. 393 338. Further Reading - p. 396 339. References - p. 396 340. Cryptosporidiosis - p. 397 341. Further Reading - p. 400 342. References - p. 401 343. Further Reading - p. 408 344. References - p. 408 345. Further Reading - p. 409 346. References - p. 409 347. Further Reading - p. 411 348. References - p. 411 349. Further Reading - p. 415 350. References - p. 415 351. Further Reading - p. 415 352. References - p. 415 353. References - p. 416 354. References - p. 417 355. References - p. 418 356. Further Reading - p. 419 357. References - p. 419 358. Thorny-Headed Worm IN Pigs (Macracanthorhyncus hirudinaceus) - p. 419 359. Further Reading - p. 420 360. Reference - p. 420 361. Adult Tapeworm Infestation - p. 420 362. Further Reading - p. 421 363. References - p. 421 364. Phosphorus Toxicosis - p. 421 365. References - p. 421 366. Further Reading - p. 424 367. References - p. 425 368. References - p. 426 369. Further Reading - p. 426 370. References - p. 426 371. Further Reading - p. 427 372. Further Reading - p. 427 373. References - p. 427 374. Further Reading - p. 428 375. References - p. 428 376. Plants (Unidentified Toxins) Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract - p. 429 377. Further Reading - p. 430 378. References - p. 430 379. Further Reading - p. 431 380. References - p. 431 381. Mouth - p. 431 382. Pharynx and Esophagus - p. 431 383. Stomach and Rumen - p. 431 384. Intestines - p. 432 385. References - p. 432 386. Reference - p. 432 387. Harelip and Cleft Palate - p. 432 388. Atresia of the Salivary Ducts - p. 433 389. Agnathia, Micrognathia, and Brachygnathia - p. 433 390. Persistence of the Right Aortic Arch - p. 433 391. Choanal Atresia - p. 433 392. Congenital Atresia of the Intestine and Anus - p. 433 393. Further Reading - p. 434 394. References - p. 434 395. Inherited Defects of the Mouth and Jaw - p. 434 396. Inherited Rectovaginal Constriction - p. 434 397. Inherited Atresia of Alimentary Tract Segments - p. 434 398. Lethal White Syndrome IN Foals and Lambs (Intestinal Aganglionosis) - p. 435 399. References - p. 435 400. 8 Diseases of the Alimentary Tract–Ruminant - p. 436 401. Anatomy and Physiology - p. 436 402. Ruminant Gastrointestinal Dysfunction - p. 441 403. Further Reading - p. 445 404. History - p. 445 405. Systemic State, Habitus, and Appetite - p. 445 406. Oral Cavity and Esophagus - p. 445 407. Inspection of the Abdomen - p. 445 408. Examination of Rumen Fluid - p. 448 409. Palpation Per Rectum of the Abdomen - p. 449 410. Gross Examination of Feces - p. 449 411. Detection of Abdominal Pain - p. 451 412. Ultrasonography - p. 452 413. Radiography - p. 452 414. Endoscopy of the Rumen - p. 453 415. Computed Tomography - p. 453 416. Rumination Monitors - p. 453 417. Serum Biomarkers of Gastrointestinal Function - p. 453 418. Interpretation of Clinical Findings - p. 453 419. Exploratory Laparotomy - p. 453 420. Laparoscopy - p. 454 421. Clinical Examination of the Digestive Tract and Abdomen of the Calf - p. 455 422. Further Reading - p. 456 423. References - p. 457 424. Simple Indigestion - p. 457 425. Further Reading - p. 459 426. References - p. 459 427. References - p. 460 428. References - p. 461 429. Further Reading - p. 472 430. References - p. 472 431. Ruminal Tympany (Bloat) - p. 473 432. Further Reading - p. 482 433. Reference - p. 482 434. Further Reading - p. 490 435. References - p. 490 436. Further Reading - p. 496 437. References - p. 496 438. Traumatic Reticulopericarditis - p. 497 439. Further Reading - p. 499 440. Reference - p. 499 441. Impaction of the Omasum - p. 499 442. References - p. 500 443. Clinical Examination of the Abomasum - p. 500 444. Applied Anatomy and Pathophysiology of the Abomasum - p. 501 445. Abomasal Reflux - p. 501 446. Further Reading - p. 501 447. References - p. 502 448. Further Reading - p. 510 449. References - p. 510 450. Further Reading - p. 514 451. References - p. 514 452. References - p. 517 453. Reference - p. 518 454. Reference - p. 518 455. Further Reading - p. 522 456. References - p. 522 457. Reference - p. 522 458. Further Reading - p. 523 459. References - p. 523 460. Small and Large Intestinal Obstruction in Cattle - p. 523 461. Further Reading - p. 528 462. References - p. 528 463. Terminal Ileitis of Lambs - p. 528 464. Cecal Dilatation and Cecocolic Volvulus in Cattle - p. 528 465. Further Reading - p. 530 466. References - p. 530 467. Actinomycosis (Lumpy Jaw) - p. 531 468. Reference - p. 532 469. References - p. 534 470. References - p. 536 471. Further Reading - p. 544 472. References - p. 544 473. Further Reading - p. 545 474. References - p. 545 475. Further Reading - p. 546 476. References - p. 546 477. Further Reading - p. 549 478. References - p. 549 479. Further Reading - p. 552 480. References - p. 552 481. Further Reading - p. 564 482. References - p. 564 483. Further Reading - p. 572 484. References - p. 572 485. Rinderpest (Cattle Plague) - p. 572 486. Further Reading - p. 573 487. References - p. 573 488. Further Reading - p. 577 489. References - p. 577 490. Further Reading - p. 598 491. References - p. 599 492. Further Reading - p. 601 493. References - p. 601 494. Further Reading - p. 603 495. References - p. 603 496. Parasitic Gastroenteritis in Ruminants - p. 603 497. Further Reading - p. 610 498. References - p. 610 499. Further Reading - p. 613 500. References - p. 613 501. References - p. 615 502. Further Reading - p. 617 503. References - p. 617 504. References - p. 617 505. Further Reading - p. 618 506. References - p. 618 507. Nonprotein Nitrogen Toxicosis (Urea Toxicosis) - p. 618 508. Further Reading - p. 620 509. References - p. 620 510. Further Reading - p. 620 511. Reference - p. 620 512. Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Disease of Sheep - p. 621 513. Further Reading - p. 621 514. References - p. 621 515. 9 Diseases of the Liver - p. 622 516. Diseases of the Liver: Introduction - p. 622 517. Principles of Hepatic Dysfunction - p. 622 518. Jaundice (Icterus) - p. 623 519. Hepatic Encephalopathy - p. 624 520. Edema and Emaciation - p. 624 521. Diarrhea and Constipation - p. 624 522. Photosensitization - p. 625 523. Hemorrhagic Diathesis - p. 625 524. Abdominal Pain - p. 625 525. Alteration in Size of the Liver - p. 625 526. Displacement of the Liver - p. 625 527. Rupture of the Liver - p. 625 528. Black Livers of Sheep - p. 625 529. References - p. 625 530. Palpation and Percussion - p. 625 531. Biopsy - p. 626 532. Medical Imaging of the Liver - p. 626 533. Laboratory Tests for Hepatic Disease and Function - p. 626 534. Further Reading - p. 629 535. References - p. 629 536. Diffuse Diseases of the Liver - p. 629 537. Further Reading - p. 632 538. Etiology - p. 633 539. Epidemiology - p. 633 540. Pathogenesis - p. 634 541. Clinical Findings - p. 634 542. Clinical Pathology - p. 634 543. Necropsy Findings - p. 634 544. Treatment - p. 634 545. Control - p. 635 546. Further Reading - p. 635 547. References - p. 635 548. Etiology - p. 635 549. Epidemiology - p. 635 550. Pathogenesis - p. 636 551. Clinical Findings - p. 636 552. Clinical Pathology - p. 636 553. Necropsy Findings - p. 636 554. Treatment - p. 636 555. Control - p. 637 556. Further Reading - p. 637 557. References - p. 637 558. Etiology - p. 637 559. Epidemiology - p. 637 560. Pathogenesis - p. 637 561. Clinical Findings - p. 638 562. Clinical Pathology - p. 638 563. Necropsy Findings - p. 638 564. Treatment - p. 638 565. Control - p. 638 566. Further Reading - p. 638 567. Etiology - p. 638 568. Pathogenesis and Epidemiology - p. 639 569. Clinical Signs - p. 639 570. Pathology - p. 639 571. Diagnosis - p. 639 572. Treatment - p. 639 573. Prevention - p. 639 574. Reference - p. 639 575. Acute Hepatitis (Postvaccinal Hepatitis) of Horses (Theiler's Disease, Serum Hepatitis) - p. 639 576. References - p. 640 577. Etiology - p. 640 578. Epidemiology - p. 640 579. Pathogenesis - p. 641 580. Clinical Signs - p. 641 581. Pathology - p. 641 582. Diagnosis - p. 641 583. Treatment and Control - p. 641 584. References - p. 641 585. Fasciolosis (Liver Fluke Disease) - p. 641 586. Diagnostic Confirmation - p. 643 587. Further Reading - p. 645 588. References - p. 645 589. Further Reading - p. 645 590. References - p. 645 591. Further Reading - p. 645 592. References - p. 645 593. Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Toxicosis - p. 645 594. Further Reading - p. 648 595. References - p. 648 596. Poisoning by Mycotoxins - p. 649 597. Further Reading - p. 650 598. References - p. 650 599. Etiology - p. 651 600. Epidemiology - p. 651 601. Pathogenesis - p. 651 602. Clinical Findings - p. 651 603. Clinical Pathology - p. 651 604. Necropsy Lesions - p. 651 605. Treatment - p. 651 606. Control - p. 651 607. Further Reading - p. 652 608. References - p. 652 609. Etiology - p. 652 610. Epidemiology - p. 652 611. Pathogenesis - p. 652 612. Clinical Findings - p. 653 613. Clinical Pathology - p. 653 614. Necropsy Findings - p. 653 615. Treatment - p. 653 616. Control - p. 654 617. Further Reading - p. 654 618. References - p. 654 619. Further Reading - p. 654 620. Reference - p. 654 621. Sawfly Larvae (Lophyrtomin and Pergidin) Toxicosis - p. 654 622. Further Reading - p. 655 623. References - p. 655 624. Focal Diseases of the Liver - p. 655 625. Diseases of the Pancreas - p. 656 626. 10 Diseases of the Cardiovascular System - p. 657 627. Heart Failure - p. 657 628. Circuit Failure - p. 658 629. Cardiac Reserve and Compensatory Mechanisms in Heart Failure - p. 658 630. Cardiac Enlargement - p. 659 631. References - p. 659 632. Chronic (Congestive) Heart Failure - p. 659 633. Further Reading - p. 662 634. References - p. 662 635. References - p. 663 636. Physical Examination - p. 663 637. Measurement of Jugular Venous Pressure - p. 665 638. References - p. 665 639. References - p. 665 640. Further Reading - p. 666 641. Further Reading - p. 669 642. References - p. 670 643. Further Reading - p. 671 644. References - p. 671 645. Measurement of Arterial Blood Pressure - p. 671 646. References - p. 672 647. Further Reading - p. 672 648. References - p. 672 649. References - p. 673 650. Reference - p. 673 651. References - p. 673 652. Cardiac Catheterization - p. 673 653. Further Reading - p. 675 654. References - p. 675 655. Reference - p. 679 656. References - p. 680 657. Further Reading - p. 685 658. References - p. 685 659. Valvular Disease and Murmurs - p. 685 660. Further Reading - p. 688 661. References - p. 688 662. Further Reading - p. 690 663. References - p. 690 664. Further Reading - p. 692 665. References - p. 692 666. References - p. 693 667. References - p. 693 668. Further Reading - p. 695 669. References - p. 695 670. References - p. 697 671. Cardiac Glycoside Toxicosis - p. 697 672. Further Reading - p. 699 673. References - p. 699 674. Further Reading - p. 700 675. References - p. 700 676. References - p. 700 677. Reference - p. 701 678. Reference - p. 701 679. Further Reading - p. 703 680. References - p. 703 681. References - p. 703 682. Further Reading - p. 706 683. References - p. 706 684. Bovine Hereditary Dilated Cardiomyopathy - p. 706 685. Reference - p. 707 686. Inherited Ventricular Septal Defect - p. 707 687. Inherited Aortic Aneurysm - p. 707 688. Reference - p. 707 689. Pericarditis - p. 707 690. Further Reading - p. 709 691. References - p. 709 692. Arterial Thrombosis, Embolism, and Rupture - p. 709 693. Further Reading - p. 711 694. References - p. 711 695. Further Reading - p. 713 696. References - p. 713 697. Further Reading - p. 714 698. References - p. 714 699. References - p. 715 700. Hemangioma and Hemangiosarcoma - p. 715 701. Reference - p. 715 702. 11 Diseases of the Hemolymphatic and Immune Systems - p. 716 703. Hypoproteinemia - p. 716 704. Hyperproteinemia - p. 718 705. References - p. 718 706. Diseases Causing Hemorrhage - p. 721 707. References - p. 725 708. References - p. 728 709. References - p. 728 710. Further Reading - p. 740 711. References - p. 740 712. References - p. 744 713. References - p. 745 714. References - p. 745 715. References - p. 746 716. Reference - p. 746 717. Reference - p. 746 718. Further Reading - p. 746 719. References - p. 746 720. Further Reading - p. 749 721. References - p. 749 722. References - p. 751 723. Reference - p. 752 724. Splenomegaly - p. 752 725. Splenic Abscess - p. 752 726. Splenic Hematoma, Rupture or Infarction - p. 752 727. References - p. 753 728. References - p. 753 729. References - p. 753 730. Primary Immune Deficiencies - p. 754 731. Secondary Immune Deficiencies - p. 755 732. References - p. 755 733. References - p. 757 734. Anaphylaxis and Anaphylactic Shock - p. 758 735. Further Reading - p. 761 736. References - p. 761 737. Further Reading - p. 764 738. References - p. 764 739. Further Reading - p. 765 740. References - p. 765 741. Tick-Borne Fever (Anaplasma phagocytophila) - p. 766 742. Further Reading - p. 769 743. References - p. 769 744. Further Reading - p. 775 745. References - p. 775 746. Further Reading - p. 777 747. References - p. 777 748. Further Reading - p. 779 749. References - p. 779 750. Further Reading - p. 779 751. Further Reading - p. 780 752. References - p. 780 753. Further Reading - p. 784 754. References - p. 784 755. Further Reading - p. 785 756. References - p. 794 757. Further Reading - p. 799 758. References - p. 799 759. Babesiosis (Texas Fever, Redwater Fever, Cattle Tick Fever) - p. 799 760. Further Reading - p. 811 761. References - p. 811 762. References - p. 814 763. Iron Deficiency - p. 814 764. References - p. 817 765. Further Reading - p. 822 766. References - p. 822 767. References - p. 822 768. References - p. 823 769. Reference - p. 823 770. Secondary Copper Poisoning (“Toxemic Jaundice” Complex) - p. 823 771. Further Reading - p. 823 772. Further Reading - p. 825 773. References - p. 825 774. Further Reading - p. 826 775. References - p. 826 776. Further Reading - p. 829 777. References - p. 829 778. Further Reading - p. 832 779. References - p. 832 780. Further Reading - p. 833 781. References - p. 834 782. References - p. 834 783. Sporadic Bovine Leukosis (Atypical Bovine Leukosis) - p. 834 784. References - p. 836 785. Inherited Bleeding Disorders - p. 837 786. References - p. 837 787. Reference - p. 837 788. Inherited Anemias - p. 838 789. Reference - p. 838 790. References - p. 838 791. Inherited Erythrocytic Photoporphyria - p. 839 792. References - p. 839 793. Bovine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency - p. 839 794. Chediak–Higashi Syndrome - p. 839 795. References - p. 839 796. Fell Pony and Dale Pony Foal Immunodeficiency Syndrome - p. 840 797. References - p. 841 798. Inherited Combined Immunodeficiency in Foals of Arabian Breeding - p. 841 799. References - p. 842 800. Postparturient Hemoglobinuria in Cattle - p. 842 801. Further Reading - p. 844 802. References - p. 844 803. Further Reading - p. 844 804. References - p. 844 805. 12 Diseases of the Respiratory System - p. 845 806. Definitions - p. 846 807. Hypoxia - p. 846 808. Compensatory Mechanisms - p. 847 809. Carbon Dioxide Retention (Hypercapnia) - p. 848 810. Respiratory Failure - p. 848 811. Abnormalities in Rate, Depth, and Ease of Breathing - p. 848 812. Abnormal Posture - p. 849 813. Normal and Abnormal Breath Sounds - p. 850 814. Respiratory Noises - p. 852 815. Coughing - p. 852 816. Cyanosis - p. 853 817. Nasal Discharge - p. 854 818. Epistaxis and Hemoptysis - p. 854 819. Thoracic Pain - p. 855 820. Auscultation and Percussion - p. 855 821. Endoscopic Examination of the Airways (Rhinolaryngoscopy, Tracheobronchoscopy) - p. 855 822. Radiography - p. 856 823. Magnetic Resonance Imaging - p. 857 824. Computed Tomography - p. 857 825. Scintigraphy (Nuclear Imaging) - p. 858 826. Ultrasonography - p. 858 827. Laboratory Evaluation of Respiratory Secretions - p. 859 828. Pulmonary Function Tests - p. 864 829. Arterial Blood Gas Analysis - p. 865 830. Venous Blood Gas Analysis - p. 866 831. Pulse Oximetry - p. 866 832. Blood Lactate Concentration - p. 867 833. Collection and Analysis of Exhaled Breath Condensate - p. 867 834. Lung Biopsy - p. 867 835. Respiratory Sound Spectrum Analysis - p. 868 836. Exercise Testing - p. 868 837. Treatment of Respiratory Disease - p. 868 838. Control of Respiratory Disease - p. 872 839. Further Reading - p. 873 840. References - p. 873 841. Rhinitis - p. 874 842. References - p. 875 843. References - p. 877 844. Further Reading - p. 877 845. References - p. 877 846. References - p. 878 847. References - p. 879 848. References - p. 880 849. Pulmonary Congestion and Edema - p. 880 850. References - p. 882 851. References - p. 882 852. References - p. 883 853. References - p. 883 854. References - p. 885 855. References - p. 892 856. Further Reading - p. 892 857. References - p. 892 858. References - p. 893 859. References - p. 893 860. Reference - p. 893 861. Drowning - p. 893 862. Reference - p. 894 863. Further Reading - p. 895 864. References - p. 895 865. Hydrothorax and Hemothorax - p. 895 866. Further Reading - p. 896 867. References - p. 896 868. References - p. 899 869. References - p. 900 870. References - p. 901 871. Enzootic Nasal Granuloma of Cattle (Bovine Atopic Rhinitis) - p. 901 872. References - p. 902 873. Caudal Vena Caval Thrombosis (Posterior Vena Caval Thrombosis) and Embolic Pneumonia in Cattle - p. 902 874. References - p. 903 875. Reference - p. 903 876. Further Reading - p. 913 877. References - p. 913 878. Further Reading - p. 923 879. References - p. 924 880. References - p. 925 881. Further Reading - p. 932 882. References - p. 932 883. Further Reading - p. 938 884. References - p. 939 885. Further Reading - p. 946 886. References - p. 946 887. Further Reading - p. 951 888. References - p. 951 889. Further Reading - p. 961 890. References - p. 961 891. Further Reading - p. 965 892. References - p. 965 893. Further Reading - p. 969 894. References - p. 969 895. Enzootic Nasal Adenocarcinoma of Sheep and Goats (Enzootic Nasal Tumor) - p. 969 896. References - p. 970 897. Further Reading - p. 972 898. References - p. 972 899. Further Reading - p. 973 900. References - p. 973 901. Further Reading - p. 977 902. References - p. 977 903. Further Reading - p. 979 904. References - p. 979 905. References - p. 980 906. References - p. 981 907. Abnormalities of the Upper Respiratory Tract of Horses - p. 981 908. Further Reading - p. 982 909. References - p. 982 910. References - p. 984 911. Guttural Pouch Empyema - p. 984 912. References - p. 985 913. References - p. 987 914. References - p. 987 915. Reference - p. 988 916. References - p. 989 917. References - p. 991 918. References - p. 996 919. References - p. 996 920. Further Reading - p. 996 921. Reference - p. 996 922. Further Reading - p. 997 923. References - p. 997 924. Further Reading - p. 1003 925. References - p. 1003 926. Further Reading - p. 1012 927. References - p. 1012 928. Further Reading - p. 1012 929. References - p. 1012 930. Reference - p. 1013 931. Further Reading - p. 1018 932. References - p. 1018 933. Further Reading - p. 1019 934. References - p. 1019 935. Further Reading - p. 1026 936. References - p. 1026 937. Further Reading - p. 1028 938. References - p. 1028 939. References - p. 1029 940. Further Reading - p. 1038 941. References - p. 1038 942. References - p. 1040 943. References - p. 1042 944. Further Reading - p. 1043 945. References - p. 1043 946. References - p. 1045 947. References - p. 1046 948. References - p. 1047 949. Reference - p. 1047 950. Progressive Atrophic Rhinitis (Conchal Atrophy of Swine) - p. 1047 951. Further Reading - p. 1054 952. References - p. 1054 953. Further Reading - p. 1054 954. References - p. 1055 955. References - p. 1063 956. Further Reading - p. 1070 957. References - p. 1071 958. References - p. 1074 959. Reference - p. 1075 960. Further Reading - p. 1084 961. References - p. 1084 962. References - p. 1086 963. Further Reading - p. 1087 964. References - p. 1087 965. Furan (Ipomeanol and 3-Methylindole) Toxicosis - p. 1087 966. Further Reading - p. 1087 967. References - p. 1087 968. Reference - p. 1087 969. Further Reading - p. 1088 970. References - p. 1088 971. Pulmonary and Pleural Neoplasms - p. 1088 972. Further Reading - p. 1089 973. References - p. 1090 974. Congenital Defects - p. 1090 975. References - p. 1090 976. 13 Diseases of the Urinary System - p. 1095 977. Introduction - p. 1095 978. Principles of Renal Insufficiency - p. 1095 979. Clinical Features of Urinary Tract Disease - p. 1097 980. Special Examination of the Urinary System - p. 1098 981. Further Reading - p. 1109 982. References - p. 1110 983. Glomerulonephritis - p. 1110 984. Reference - p. 1111 985. Reference - p. 1111 986. Nephrosis - p. 1111 987. Ischemic Nephrosis - p. 1112 988. Further Reading - p. 1113 989. References - p. 1113 990. Further Reading - p. 1114 991. References - p. 1114 992. Hemolytic Uremic–Like Syndrome - p. 1114 993. Hydronephrosis - p. 1114 994. Interstitial Nephritis - p. 1114 995. Embolic Nephritis - p. 1114 996. Leptospirosis - p. 1115 997. Further Reading - p. 1128 998. References - p. 1128 999. References - p. 1131 1000. Urinary Disease in Swine - p. 1131 1001. Further Reading - p. 1134 1002. References - p. 1134 1003. Kidney Worm Disease in Pigs Caused by Stephanurus dentatus - p. 1134 1004. Citrinin Toxicosis - p. 1135 1005. Further Reading - p. 1135 1006. References - p. 1135 1007. Further Reading - p. 1136 1008. References - p. 1136 1009. Further Reading - p. 1137 1010. References - p. 1137 1011. Plant Poisonings From Unidentified Toxins - p. 1137 1012. Fungi Lacking Identified Toxins - p. 1137 1013. Further Reading - p. 1137 1014. References - p. 1137 1015. Renal Hypoplasia - p. 1137 1016. References - p. 1138 1017. Reference - p. 1138 1018. References - p. 1139 1019. References - p. 1139 1020. Reference - p. 1139 1021. Ectopic Ureter and Ureteral Defects - p. 1139 1022. Paralysis of the Bladder and Overflow Incontinence - p. 1139 1023. Reference - p. 1139 1024. Reference - p. 1140 1025. Patent Urachus - p. 1140 1026. References - p. 1140 1027. Reference - p. 1143 1028. Cystitis - p. 1143 1029. Further Reading - p. 1150 1030. References - p. 1150 1031. Further Reading - p. 1150 1032. Reference - p. 1151 1033. Urethral Tears in Stallions and Geldings - p. 1151 1034. Further Reading - p. 1151 1035. Reference - p. 1151 1036. References - p. 1151 1037. Further Reading - p. 1152 1038. References - p. 1152 1039. Enzootic Posthitis (Pizzle Rot, Sheath Rot, Balanoposthitis) and Vulvovaginitis (Scabby Ulcer) - p. 1152 1040. Further Reading - p. 1154 1041. 14 Diseases of the Nervous System - p. 1155 1042. Modes of Nervous Dysfunction - p. 1158 1043. Altered Mentation - p. 1158 1044. Involuntary Movements - p. 1159 1045. Abnormal Posture and Gait - p. 1160 1046. Paresis and Paralysis - p. 1162 1047. Altered Sensation - p. 1162 1048. Blindness - p. 1163 1049. Abnormalities of the Autonomic Nervous System - p. 1163 1050. Neurologic Examination - p. 1164 1051. Signalment and Epidemiology - p. 1164 1052. History - p. 1164 1053. Head - p. 1164 1054. Posture and Gait - p. 1169 1055. Neck and Forelimbs - p. 1170 1056. Trunk and Hindlimbs - p. 1171 1057. Tail and Anus - p. 1172 1058. Palpation of the Bony Encasement of the Central Nervous System - p. 1172 1059. Collection and Examination of Cerebrospinal Fluid - p. 1172 1060. Examination of the Nervous System With Serum Biochemical Analysis - p. 1175 1061. Further Reading - p. 1175 1062. References - p. 1175 1063. Further Reading - p. 1176 1064. References - p. 1176 1065. Endoscopy (Rhinolaryngoscopy) - p. 1176 1066. Ophthalmoscopy - p. 1177 1067. Electromyography - p. 1177 1068. Electroencephalography - p. 1177 1069. Electroretinography - p. 1177 1070. Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials - p. 1177 1071. Intracranial Pressure Measurement - p. 1178 1072. Further Reading - p. 1178 1073. References - p. 1178 1074. Cerebral Hypoxia - p. 1178 1075. Increased Intracranial Pressure, Cerebral Edema, and Brain Swelling - p. 1179 1076. References - p. 1180 1077. Hydrocephalus - p. 1180 1078. Further Reading - p. 1184 1079. References - p. 1184 1080. Further Reading - p. 1186 1081. References - p. 1186 1082. Further Reading - p. 1186 1083. Reference - p. 1186 1084. Myelitis - p. 1186 1085. Further Reading - p. 1189 1086. References - p. 1189 1087. References - p. 1189 1088. Traumatic Injury to the Brain - p. 1189 1089. Further Reading - p. 1191 1090. References - p. 1191 1091. Further Reading - p. 1193 1092. References - p. 1193 1093. References - p. 1193 1094. Further Reading - p. 1193 1095. Reference - p. 1193 1096. References - p. 1194 1097. Further Reading - p. 1195 1098. References - p. 1195 1099. Further Reading - p. 1195 1100. References - p. 1195 1101. Further Reading - p. 1197 1102. References - p. 1197 1103. Further Reading - p. 1197 1104. Further Reading - p. 1198 1105. References - p. 1198 1106. Further Reading - p. 1199 1107. References - p. 1199 1108. Further Reading - p. 1200 1109. References - p. 1200 1110. Further Reading - p. 1201 1111. References - p. 1201 1112. Further Reading - p. 1201 1113. Reference - p. 1201 1114. Further Reading - p. 1202 1115. References - p. 1202 1116. Further Reading - p. 1202 1117. Inorganic Toxins Affecting the Nervous System - p. 1202 1118. Further Reading - p. 1208 1119. References - p. 1208 1120. Mercury Toxicosis - p. 1208 1121. Further Reading - p. 1209 1122. References - p. 1209 1123. Further Reading - p. 1210 1124. Further Reading - p. 1210 1125. References - p. 1210 1126. Further Reading - p. 1212 1127. References - p. 1212 1128. Macrocyclic Lactone (Ivermectin, Moxidectin, etc.) Toxicosis - p. 1212 1129. Further Reading - p. 1213 1130. References - p. 1213 1131. Organophosphorus Compounds and Carbamate Insecticides - p. 1214 1132. Further Reading - p. 1216 1133. References - p. 1216 1134. Industrial Organophosphates - p. 1216 1135. Further Reading - p. 1216 1136. References - p. 1216 1137. Organochlorine Insecticides - p. 1216 1138. Further Reading - p. 1218 1139. Further Reading - p. 1218 1140. References - p. 1218 1141. Further Reading - p. 1219 1142. References - p. 1219 1143. Further Reading - p. 1219 1144. Psychoses, Neuroses, and Stereotypy - p. 1219 1145. Head-Shaking in Horses - p. 1220 1146. Further Reading - p. 1221 1147. References - p. 1221 1148. Further Reading - p. 1223 1149. References - p. 1223 1150. Enterotoxemia Associated With Clostridium Perfringens Type D (Pulpy Kidney, Overeating Disease) - p. 1224 1151. Further Reading - p. 1226 1152. References - p. 1227 1153. Further Reading - p. 1227 1154. References - p. 1227 1155. Further Reading - p. 1227 1156. Rabies - p. 1227 1157. Further Reading - p. 1239 1158. References - p. 1239 1159. References - p. 1247 1160. References - p. 1248 1161. Further Reading - p. 1252 1162. References - p. 1252 1163. Further Reading - p. 1253 1164. References - p. 1253 1165. Further Reading - p. 1256 1166. References - p. 1256 1167. Further Reading - p. 1259 1168. References - p. 1259 1169. Further Reading - p. 1262 1170. References - p. 1262 1171. References - p. 1265 1172. Further Reading - p. 1268 1173. References - p. 1268 1174. References - p. 1272 1175. Further Reading - p. 1281 1176. References - p. 1281 1177. References - p. 1282 1178. Reference - p. 1282 1179. Nigerian Equine Encephalitis - p. 1282 1180. Reference - p. 1282 1181. Further Reading - p. 1283 1182. References - p. 1283 1183. Further Reading - p. 1285 1184. References - p. 1286 1185. Introduction - p. 1286 1186. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (Mad Cow Disease) - p. 1286 1187. Further Reading - p. 1292 1188. References - p. 1292 1189. References - p. 1294 1190. Further Reading - p. 1300 1191. References - p. 1300 1192. Further Reading - p. 1301 1193. Coenurosis (Gid, Sturdy) - p. 1301 1194. References - p. 1302 1195. References - p. 1302 1196. Polioencephalomalacia (Cerebrocortical Necrosis) of Ruminants - p. 1302 1197. Further Reading - p. 1310 1198. References - p. 1310 1199. Thiamine Deficiency (Hypothiaminosis) - p. 1310 1200. Further Reading - p. 1312 1201. References - p. 1312 1202. Further Reading - p. 1314 1203. References - p. 1314 1204. References - p. 1320 1205. References - p. 1321 1206. Reference - p. 1321 1207. Reference - p. 1321 1208. Abnormalities of Consciousness and Behavior - p. 1321 1209. Abnormality Characterized by Tremor and Ataxia - p. 1321 1210. Convulsions - p. 1321 1211. Ataxia Apparently Caused by Proprioceptive Defect - p. 1321 1212. Involuntary Spastic Contraction of Large Muscle Masses - p. 1321 1213. Tremor, Incoordination, and Convulsions - p. 1322 1214. Paresis or Paralysis - p. 1322 1215. Further Reading - p. 1322 1216. References - p. 1322 1217. Inherited Congenital Hyrdocephalus - p. 1322 1218. References - p. 1322 1219. Inherited Hydranencephaly and Arthrogryposis - p. 1322 1220. Inherited Prosencephaly - p. 1323 1221. Inherited Multifocal Symmetric Encephalopathy - p. 1323 1222. Reference - p. 1323 1223. Inherited Citrullinemia - p. 1323 1224. Inherited Neonatal Spasticity - p. 1323 1225. Doddler Calves - p. 1323 1226. Inherited Idiopathic Epilepsy of Cattle - p. 1323 1227. Further Reading - p. 1324 1228. Reference - p. 1324 1229. Inherited Lysosomal Storage Diseases - p. 1324 1230. References - p. 1325 1231. References - p. 1325 1232. Reference - p. 1325 1233. Reference - p. 1325 1234. Reference - p. 1325 1235. Further Reading - p. 1326 1236. References - p. 1326 1237. Reference - p. 1326 1238. References - p. 1327 1239. Further Reading - p. 1327 1240. Inherited Cerebellar Defects - p. 1328 1241. References - p. 1328 1242. References - p. 1329 1243. Otitis Media/Interna - p. 1329 1244. Further Reading - p. 1331 1245. References - p. 1331 1246. Further Reading - p. 1337 1247. References - p. 1337 1248. Traumatic Injury - p. 1337 1249. Further Reading - p. 1339 1250. Reference - p. 1339 1251. Further Reading - p. 1341 1252. References - p. 1341 1253. Back Pain in Horses - p. 1341 1254. Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis - p. 1341 1255. Further Reading - p. 1345 1256. References - p. 1345 1257. References - p. 1345 1258. Further Reading - p. 1346 1259. References - p. 1346 1260. Stringhalt - p. 1346 1261. References - p. 1346 1262. Spastic Paresis of Cattle (Elso Heel) - p. 1346 1263. Further Reading - p. 1347 1264. References - p. 1347 1265. Inherited Congenital Myoclonus (Hereditary Neuraxial Edema) - p. 1347 1266. Inherited Spinal Dysmyelination - p. 1348 1267. Inherited Neurodegeneration (Shaker Calf Syndrome) - p. 1348 1268. References - p. 1348 1269. Inherited Congenital Posterior Paralysis - p. 1349 1270. Inherited Bovine Degenerative Axonopathy - p. 1349 1271. Reference - p. 1349 1272. Central and Peripheral Axonopathy of Maine Anjou (Rouge-Des-Prés) Cattle - p. 1349 1273. Inherited Progressive Degenerative Myeloencephalopathy (Weaver Syndrome) of Brown Swiss Cattle - p. 1349 1274. Inherited Progressive Ataxia - p. 1349 1275. Inherited Spinal Myelinopathy - p. 1349 1276. Inherited Periodic Spasticity of Cattle - p. 1349 1277. References - p. 1350 1278. Caprine Progressive Spasticity - p. 1350 1279. Reference - p. 1350 1280. Inherited Spinal Muscular Atrophy - p. 1350 1281. Inherited Hypomyelinogenesis (Congenital Tremor of Pigs) - p. 1351 1282. Reference - p. 1351 1283. References - p. 1351 1284. Further Reading - p. 1357 1285. References - p. 1357 1286. Further Reading - p. 1357 1287. References - p. 1358 1288. Etiology - p. 1358 1289. Further Reading - p. 1359 1290. References - p. 1360 1291. References - p. 1363 1292. Further Reading - p. 1367 1293. References - p. 1367 1294. Further Reading - p. 1368 1295. References - p. 1368 1296. Further Reading - p. 1368 1297. Reference - p. 1368 1298. References - p. 1370 1299. References - p. 1370 1300. References - p. 1370 1301. 15 Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System - p. 1371 1302. References - p. 1376 1303. References - p. 1377 1304. Further Reading - p. 1381 1305. Reference - p. 1381 1306. Further Reading - p. 1387 1307. Reference - p. 1387 1308. Reference - p. 1388 1309. References - p. 1391 1310. References - p. 1391 1311. Further Reading - p. 1394 1312. References - p. 1394 1313. Reference - p. 1395 1314. Further Reading - p. 1404 1315. References - p. 1404 1316. References - p. 1405 1317. Further Reading - p. 1411 1318. References - p. 1411 1319. Further Reading - p. 1418 1320. References - p. 1418 1321. References - p. 1424 1322. Further Reading - p. 1428 1323. References - p. 1428 1324. Further Reading - p. 1430 1325. Reference - p. 1430 1326. Further Reading - p. 1432 1327. References - p. 1432 1328. Further Reading - p. 1435 1329. References - p. 1435 1330. Further Reading - p. 1441 1331. References - p. 1441 1332. Further Reading - p. 1448 1333. References - p. 1448 1334. Further Reading - p. 1449 1335. Chlamydial Polyarthritis - p. 1449 1336. Further Reading - p. 1449 1337. References - p. 1449 1338. References - p. 1450 1339. Further Reading - p. 1454 1340. References - p. 1454 1341. References - p. 1455 1342. Further Reading - p. 1456 1343. References - p. 1458 1344. References - p. 1458 1345. Further Reading - p. 1478 1346. References - p. 1479 1347. References - p. 1479 1348. Further Reading - p. 1481 1349. References - p. 1481 1350. References - p. 1483 1351. References - p. 1485 1352. Further Reading - p. 1491 1353. References - p. 1491 1354. Further Reading - p. 1494 1355. References - p. 1494 1356. References - p. 1494 1357. Further Reading - p. 1496 1358. References - p. 1496 1359. References - p. 1497 1360. Further Reading - p. 1499 1361. References - p. 1499 1362. Further Reading - p. 1500 1363. References - p. 1500 1364. References - p. 1502 1365. References - p. 1503 1366. Further Reading - p. 1504 1367. Reference - p. 1504 1368. Further Reading - p. 1505 1369. References - p. 1505 1370. References - p. 1506 1371. Further Reading - p. 1506 1372. Further Reading - p. 1506 1373. References - p. 1506 1374. Further Reading - p. 1510 1375. References - p. 1510 1376. Weakness of Skeletal Muscles - p. 1510 1377. Congenital Hyperplasia of Myofiber - p. 1510 1378. Obvious Absence or Deformity of Specific Parts of the Musculoskeletal System - p. 1510 1379. Fixation of Joints - p. 1510 1380. Congenital Arthrogryposis and Hydranencephaly, Akabane Disease, Cache Valley Virus Disease, Schmallenberg Virus - p. 1511 1381. Further Reading - p. 1514 1382. References - p. 1514 1383. Inherited Diseases of Muscles - p. 1514 1384. Further Reading - p. 1515 1385. Reference - p. 1515 1386. References - p. 1515 1387. Reference - p. 1515 1388. References - p. 1515 1389. References - p. 1517 1390. References - p. 1518 1391. Further Reading - p. 1518 1392. Further Reading - p. 1519 1393. References - p. 1519 1394. References - p. 1519 1395. Further Reading - p. 1521 1396. References - p. 1521 1397. Further Reading - p. 1523 1398. References - p. 1523 1399. References - p. 1524 1400. References - p. 1525 1401. Further Reading - p. 1529 1402. Further Reading - p. 1529 1403. Further Reading - p. 1530 1404. References - p. 1530 1405. Further Reading - p. 1532 1406. References - p. 1532 1407. Reference - p. 1532 1408. References - p. 1534 1409. Reference - p. 1534 1410. References - p. 1535 1411. References - p. 1535 1412. References - p. 1535 1413. References - p. 1535 1414. References - p. 1537 1415. References - p. 1537 1416. References - p. 1537 1417. References - p. 1538 1418. References - p. 1538 1419. References - p. 1538 1420. References - p. 1539 1421. Reference - p. 1539 1422. Reference - p. 1539 1423. 16 Diseases of the Skin, Eye, Conjunctiva, and External Ear - p. 1540 1424. Further Reading - p. 1543 1425. Primary Treatment - p. 1543 1426. Supportive Treatment - p. 1543 1427. Further Reading - p. 1543 1428. Pityriasis - p. 1543 1429. Hyperkeratosis - p. 1544 1430. References - p. 1544 1431. Parakeratosis - p. 1544 1432. Pachyderma - p. 1544 1433. Impetigo - p. 1545 1434. Further Reading - p. 1546 1435. References - p. 1546 1436. Reference - p. 1549 1437. Further Reading - p. 1552 1438. Alopecia and Hypotrichosis - p. 1552 1439. Further Reading - p. 1553 1440. References - p. 1553 1441. Achromotrichia - p. 1553 1442. Further Reading - p. 1553 1443. Further Reading - p. 1554 1444. Reference - p. 1554 1445. Seborrhea - p. 1554 1446. Reference - p. 1555 1447. Subcutaneous Edema (Anasarca) - p. 1555 1448. Angioedema (Angioneurotic Edema) - p. 1555 1449. Subcutaneous Emphysema - p. 1556 1450. Lymphangitis - p. 1556 1451. Panniculitis - p. 1557 1452. Hematoma - p. 1557 1453. Necrosis and Gangrene - p. 1557 1454. Subcutaneous Abscess - p. 1558 1455. Cutaneous Cysts - p. 1558 1456. Granulomatous Lesions of the Skin - p. 1558 1457. Reference - p. 1559 1458. Insect Bite Hypersensitivity in Horses (Equine Seasonal Allergic Dermatitis) - p. 1559 1459. References - p. 1560 1460. References - p. 1561 1461. Further Reading - p. 1562 1462. References - p. 1562 1463. Reference - p. 1562 1464. Further Reading - p. 1563 1465. Wool Slip, Wool Loss - p. 1563 1466. Further Reading - p. 1563 1467. References - p. 1564 1468. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus - p. 1564 1469. Further Reading - p. 1569 1470. References - p. 1569 1471. Further Reading - p. 1573 1472. References - p. 1573 1473. Skin Tuberculosis - p. 1573 1474. References - p. 1574 1475. References - p. 1575 1476. Further Reading - p. 1575 1477. References - p. 1576 1478. Contagious Acne of Horses (Canadian Horsepox, Contagious Pustular Dermatitis) - p. 1576 1479. References - p. 1579 1480. Reference - p. 1580 1481. Papillomavirus Infection (Papillomatosis, Warts) - p. 1580 1482. Further Reading - p. 1585 1483. References - p. 1585 1484. Further Reading - p. 1587 1485. References - p. 1587 1486. References - p. 1588 1487. References - p. 1589 1488. Further Reading - p. 1591 1489. References - p. 1591 1490. Further Reading - p. 1593 1491. References - p. 1593 1492. Further Reading - p. 1596 1493. References - p. 1596 1494. Further Reading - p. 1596 1495. References - p. 1597 1496. Swinepox - p. 1597 1497. Ringworm - p. 1600 1498. Further Reading - p. 1603 1499. References - p. 1603 1500. References - p. 1603 1501. References - p. 1603 1502. Reference - p. 1604 1503. Further Reading - p. 1605 1504. References - p. 1605 1505. References - p. 1606 1506. Maduromycosis - p. 1606 1507. Besnoitiosis (Elephant Skin Disease) - p. 1607 1508. Further Reading - p. 1608 1509. References - p. 1608 1510. Summer Sores in Horses (Habronemosis) - p. 1608 1511. Further Reading - p. 1609 1512. References - p. 1609 1513. Reference - p. 1609 1514. References - p. 1610 1515. References - p. 1611 1516. Stephanofilariasis - p. 1611 1517. Blow-Fly Strike of Sheep - p. 1611 1518. Further Reading - p. 1615 1519. References - p. 1615 1520. References - p. 1617 1521. References - p. 1618 1522. Harvest Mites (Chigger Mites) - p. 1618 1523. References - p. 1618 1524. Itchmites (Psorergates ovis, Psorergates bos) - p. 1618 1525. Reference - p. 1619 1526. Reference - p. 1621 1527. References - p. 1622 1528. References - p. 1623 1529. Sheep Ked (Melophagus ovinus) - p. 1623 1530. References - p. 1624 1531. References - p. 1625 1532. Stable Flies (Stomoxys calcitrans) - p. 1625 1533. References - p. 1626 1534. Reference - p. 1626 1535. References - p. 1628 1536. References - p. 1629 1537. Reference - p. 1630 1538. Face Fly (Musca autumnalis) - p. 1630 1539. Reference - p. 1630 1540. References - p. 1631 1541. Mosquitoes (Culicidae) - p. 1631 1542. Further Reading - p. 1634 1543. References - p. 1634 1544. Zinc Deficiency (Parakeratosis) - p. 1634 1545. References - p. 1637 1546. Plant Poisonings Associated With Unidentified Toxins - p. 1637 1547. References - p. 1638 1548. Further Reading - p. 1639 1549. References - p. 1640 1550. Further Reading - p. 1640 1551. References - p. 1640 1552. Papilloma and Sarcoid - p. 1640 1553. Squamous-Cell Carcinoma - p. 1640 1554. References - p. 1641 1555. Further Reading - p. 1641 1556. References - p. 1641 1557. References - p. 1642 1558. References - p. 1642 1559. Lymphomatosis - p. 1642 1560. Neurofibromatosis - p. 1642 1561. Histiocytoma - p. 1642 1562. Cutaneous Angiomatosis - p. 1642 1563. Hemangioma and Hemangiosarcoma - p. 1642 1564. Further Reading - p. 1643 1565. References - p. 1643 1566. Inherited Albinism - p. 1643 1567. References - p. 1644 1568. Inherited Congenital Hypotrichosis - p. 1644 1569. References - p. 1644 1570. Streaked Hairlessness - p. 1644 1571. Partial Hypotrichosis - p. 1644 1572. Reference - p. 1645 1573. Inherited Hair-Coat-Color-Linked Follicle Dysplasia - p. 1645 1574. Inherited Birthcoat Retention - p. 1645 1575. Inherited Leukoderma - p. 1645 1576. Inherited Epidermal Dysplasia (Baldy Calves) - p. 1645 1577. Inherited Parakeratosis of Calves (Lethal Trait A46, Adema Disease) - p. 1645 1578. Inherited Dyserythropoiesis–Dyskeratosis - p. 1645 1579. Reference - p. 1645 1580. Familial Acantholysis - p. 1645 1581. Epidermolysis Bullosa - p. 1645 1582. Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa (Hereditary Junctional Mechanobullous Disease) - p. 1646 1583. Further Reading - p. 1646 1584. References - p. 1646 1585. Inherited Hyperbilirubinemia and Photosensitization - p. 1646 1586. Inherited Congenital Ichthyosis (Fish-Scale Diseases) - p. 1646 1587. Inherited Dermatosis Vegetans of Pigs - p. 1646 1588. References - p. 1647 1589. Inherited Melanoma - p. 1647 1590. Inherited Hyperhidrosis - p. 1647 1591. Lavender Foal Syndrome - p. 1647 1592. References - p. 1647 1593. Further Reading - p. 1648 1594. Pustular Psoriaform Dermatitis (Pityriasis Rosea) - p. 1648 1595. Conjunctivitis and Keratoconjunctivitis - p. 1648 1596. References - p. 1648 1597. References - p. 1650 1598. Further Reading - p. 1653 1599. References - p. 1653 1600. Further Reading - p. 1654 1601. References - p. 1654 1602. Diseases of the Eyes Associated with Mycoplasma spp. - p. 1654 1603. References - p. 1655 1604. “Bright Blindness” of Sheep Caused by Bracken Ingestion - p. 1655 1605. Further Reading - p. 1658 1606. References - p. 1658 1607. Further Reading - p. 1658 1608. References - p. 1658 1609. References - p. 1660 1610. Otitis Externa - p. 1660 1611. Further Reading - p. 1661 1612. References - p. 1661 1613. Inherited Crop Ears - p. 1661 1614. 17 Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases - p. 1662 1615. Periparturient Period in Cattle and Sheep - p. 1662 1616. Metabolic Profile Testing - p. 1667 1617. Further Reading - p. 1675 1618. References - p. 1675 1619. Etiology - p. 1675 1620. Epidemiology - p. 1675 1621. Economic Importance - p. 1678 1622. Pathogenesis - p. 1678 1623. Clinical Findings - p. 1679 1624. Clinical Pathology - p. 1680 1625. Necropsy Findings - p. 1681 1626. Differential Diagnosis - p. 1681 1627. General Management and Clinical Care Procedures - p. 1685 1628. Control - p. 1685 1629. Further Reading - p. 1690 1630. References - p. 1690 1631. Etiology - p. 1690 1632. Epidemiology - p. 1690 1633. Pathogenesis - p. 1691 1634. Clinical Findings - p. 1691 1635. Clinical Pathology - p. 1691 1636. Necropsy Findings - p. 1692 1637. Treatment - p. 1692 1638. Control - p. 1692 1639. Further Reading - p. 1693 1640. References - p. 1693 1641. Etiology - p. 1693 1642. Epidemiology - p. 1693 1643. Pathogenesis - p. 1694 1644. Clinical Findings - p. 1695 1645. Clinical Pathology - p. 1696 1646. Necropsy Findings - p. 1696 1647. Treatment - p. 1697 1648. Control - p. 1698 1649. Further Reading - p. 1698 1650. References - p. 1698 1651. Hypomagnesemic Tetanies - p. 1699 1652. Etiology - p. 1699 1653. Epidemiology - p. 1700 1654. Pathogenesis - p. 1702 1655. Clinical Findings - p. 1702 1656. Clinical Pathology - p. 1703 1657. Necropsy Findings - p. 1704 1658. Treatment - p. 1704 1659. Control - p. 1704 1660. Further Reading - p. 1706 1661. References - p. 1706 1662. Etiology - p. 1706 1663. Epidemiology - p. 1706 1664. Pathogenesis - p. 1706 1665. Clinical Findings - p. 1707 1666. Clinical Pathology - p. 1707 1667. Necropsy Findings - p. 1707 1668. Treatment - p. 1707 1669. Control - p. 1707 1670. References - p. 1707 1671. Transport Recumbency of Ruminants - p. 1707 1672. Etiology - p. 1708 1673. Etiology of Bovine Ketosis - p. 1709 1674. Epidemiology - p. 1710 1675. Pathogenesis - p. 1710 1676. Clinical Findings - p. 1711 1677. Clinical Pathology - p. 1712 1678. Necropsy Findings - p. 1713 1679. Treatment - p. 1713 1680. Control - p. 1714 1681. Further Reading - p. 1716 1682. References - p. 1716 1683. Etiology - p. 1717 1684. Epidemiology - p. 1717 1685. Pathogenesis - p. 1718 1686. Clinical Findings - p. 1719 1687. Clinical Pathology - p. 1719 1688. Necropsy Findings - p. 1720 1689. Treatment - p. 1720 1690. Control - p. 1721 1691. Further Reading - p. 1722 1692. References - p. 1722 1693. Etiology - p. 1723 1694. Epidemiology - p. 1723 1695. Pathogenesis - p. 1724 1696. Clinical Findings - p. 1724 1697. Clinical Pathology - p. 1724 1698. Necropsy Findings - p. 1724 1699. Treatment - p. 1725 1700. Control - p. 1725 1701. Further Reading - p. 1726 1702. References - p. 1726 1703. References - p. 1727 1704. Deficiency of UMP Synthase (Dumps) - p. 1727 1705. References - p. 1727 1706. Hepatic Lipodystrophy in Galloway Calves - p. 1727 1707. Equine Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction (Formerly Equine Cushing Disease) - p. 1727 1708. Epidemiology - p. 1727 1709. Pathogenesis - p. 1727 1710. Clinical Findings - p. 1727 1711. Clinical Pathology - p. 1728 1712. Diagnostic Confirmation - p. 1728 1713. Necropsy Findings - p. 1730 1714. Treatment - p. 1730 1715. Control - p. 1730 1716. Further Reading - p. 1730 1717. References - p. 1730 1718. Etiology - p. 1731 1719. Epidemiology - p. 1731 1720. Pathogenesis - p. 1731 1721. Clinical Signs - p. 1732 1722. Clinical Pathology - p. 1735 1723. Necropsy - p. 1735 1724. Treatment - p. 1735 1725. Further Reading - p. 1736 1726. References - p. 1736 1727. References - p. 1736 1728. References - p. 1736 1729. References - p. 1737 1730. Etiology - p. 1737 1731. Epidemiology - p. 1737 1732. Pathogenesis - p. 1738 1733. Clinical Findings - p. 1738 1734. Clinical Pathology - p. 1738 1735. Necropsy Findings - p. 1738 1736. Treatment - p. 1739 1737. Control - p. 1739 1738. Further Reading - p. 1739 1739. References - p. 1739 1740. Etiology - p. 1739 1741. Epidemiology - p. 1740 1742. Clinical Findings - p. 1740 1743. Clinical Pathology - p. 1740 1744. Necropsy Findings - p. 1742 1745. Treatment - p. 1742 1746. Control - p. 1742 1747. Further Reading - p. 1742 1748. References - p. 1742 1749. Etiology - p. 1743 1750. Epidemiology - p. 1743 1751. Pathogenesis - p. 1744 1752. Clinical Findings - p. 1744 1753. Clinical Pathology - p. 1745 1754. Necropsy Findings - p. 1746 1755. Treatment - p. 1746 1756. Control - p. 1746 1757. References - p. 1747 1758. Introduction - p. 1747 1759. Evidence of a Deficiency as the Cause of the Disease - p. 1747 1760. Evidence of a Deficiency Associated With the Disease - p. 1748 1761. Evidence Based on Cure or Prevention by Correction of the Deficiency - p. 1748 1762. Further Reading - p. 1752 1763. Deficiency of Energy - p. 1753 1764. Deficiency of Protein - p. 1753 1765. Further Reading - p. 1754 1766. Reference - p. 1754 1767. References - p. 1754 1768. Prevalence and Economic Importance - p. 1754 1769. Diagnostic Strategies - p. 1754 1770. Deficiencies in Developing Countries - p. 1755 1771. Pathophysiology of Trace-Element Deficiency - p. 1755 1772. Laboratory Diagnosis of Mineral Deficiencies - p. 1756 1773. Further Reading - p. 1757 1774. References - p. 1757 1775. 18 Diseases Primarily Affecting the Reproductive System - p. 1758 1776. Induction of Parturition - p. 1758 1777. Further Reading - p. 1760 1778. References - p. 1760 1779. Further Reading - p. 1760 1780. Further Reading - p. 1761 1781. Reference - p. 1761 1782. Brucellosis Associated With Brucella Abortus (Bang's Disease) - p. 1761 1783. Further Reading - p. 1774 1784. References - p. 1774 1785. Further Reading - p. 1778 1786. References - p. 1778 1787. References - p. 1781 1788. Further Reading - p. 1784 1789. References - p. 1784 1790. Further Reading - p. 1785 1791. Reference - p. 1785 1792. Abortion in Mares and Septicemia in Foals Associated With Salmonella Abortusequi (Abortivoequina) (Equine Paratyphoid) - p. 1785 1793. Further Reading - p. 1791 1794. References - p. 1791 1795. Further Reading - p. 1793 1796. References - p. 1793 1797. References - p. 1794 1798. Further Reading - p. 1794 1799. References - p. 1794 1800. Further Reading - p. 1814 1801. References - p. 1815 1802. Further Reading - p. 1817 1803. References - p. 1817 1804. Further Reading - p. 1817 1805. Further Reading - p. 1819 1806. References - p. 1819 1807. Further Reading - p. 1821 1808. References - p. 1821 1809. Estrogenic Substances - p. 1821 1810. Further Reading - p. 1822 1811. References - p. 1822 1812. Further Reading - p. 1824 1813. References - p. 1824 1814. Further Reading - p. 1825 1815. References - p. 1825 1816. Further Reading - p. 1827 1817. References - p. 1827 1818. References - p. 1827 1819. Plants and Fungi (Unknown Toxins) Affecting the Reproductive System - p. 1827 1820. Chromosomal Translocations in Cattle - p. 1828 1821. References - p. 1828 1822. References - p. 1829 1823. References - p. 1829 1824. 19 Perinatal Diseases - p. 1830 1825. Introduction - p. 1830 1826. General Classification - p. 1830 1827. Perinatal Disease—General Epidemiology - p. 1831 1828. Further Reading - p. 1835 1829. References - p. 1835 1830. Further Reading - p. 1835 1831. Further Reading - p. 1839 1832. Further Reading - p. 1840 1833. Perinatology - p. 1841 1834. Further Reading - p. 1841 1835. References - p. 1842 1836. References - p. 1843 1837. References - p. 1843 1838. References - p. 1844 1839. References - p. 1846 1840. Further Reading - p. 1847 1841. References - p. 1847 1842. References - p. 1848 1843. Teeth Clipping of Piglets - p. 1848 1844. Further Reading - p. 1856 1845. References - p. 1856 1846. Further Reading - p. 1867 1847. References - p. 1867 1848. Further Reading - p. 1870 1849. References - p. 1870 1850. Further Reading - p. 1871 1851. References - p. 1871 1852. Further Reading - p. 1874 1853. References - p. 1874 1854. References - p. 1877 1855. Further Reading - p. 1879 1856. References - p. 1879 1857. Further Reading - p. 1899 1858. References - p. 1899 1859. References - p. 1900 1860. References - p. 1901 1861. References - p. 1903 1862. 20 Diseases of the Mammary Gland - p. 1904 1863. Further Reading - p. 1914 1864. References - p. 1914 1865. Further Reading - p. 1920 1866. References - p. 1921 1867. Further Reading - p. 1930 1868. References - p. 1930 1869. Staphylococcus aureus - p. 1930 1870. Further Reading - p. 1936 1871. References - p. 1936 1872. Further Reading - p. 1939 1873. References - p. 1939 1874. References - p. 1940 1875. Further Reading - p. 1942 1876. References - p. 1942 1877. Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci - p. 1942 1878. Further Reading - p. 1943 1879. References - p. 1943 1880. Coliform Mastitis Associated With Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp., and Enterobacter aerogenes - p. 1943 1881. Further Reading - p. 1954 1882. References - p. 1954 1883. References - p. 1958 1884. Further Reading - p. 1959 1885. References - p. 1960 1886. Pseudomonas aeruginosa - p. 1960 1887. References - p. 1960 1888. Mannheimia (Pasteurella) species - p. 1960 1889. References - p. 1961 1890. Campylobacter jejuni - p. 1962 1891. Clostridium perfringens type A - p. 1962 1892. Fusobacterium necrophorum - p. 1962 1893. Histophilus somni - p. 1962 1894. Listeria monocytogenes - p. 1962 1895. Mycobacterium sp. - p. 1962 1896. Serratia sp. - p. 1962 1897. Fungi and Yeasts - p. 1963 1898. Algae - p. 1963 1899. Traumatic Mastitis - p. 1963 1900. References - p. 1964 1901. Options in the Control of Mastitis - p. 1964 1902. Principles of Controlling Bovine Mastitis - p. 1965 1903. Mastitis Control Programs - p. 1966 1904. Ten-Point Mastitis Control Program - p. 1967 1905. Assessment of the Cost-Effectiveness of Mastitis Control - p. 1984 1906. Further Reading - p. 1985 1907. References - p. 1985 1908. Lesions of the Bovine Teat - p. 1985 1909. Reference - p. 1986 1910. Bovine Herpes Mammillitis - p. 1986 1911. References - p. 1988 1912. Udder Edema - p. 1989 1913. Rupture of the Suspensory Ligaments of the Udder - p. 1990 1914. Agalactia - p. 1990 1915. References - p. 1990 1916. Neoplasms of the Udder - p. 1991 1917. Teat and Udder Congenital Defects - p. 1991 1918. Further Reading - p. 1991 1919. References - p. 1991 1920. Milk Allergy - p. 1991 1921. Further Reading - p. 1993 1922. References - p. 1993 1923. References - p. 1994 1924. Further Reading - p. 1996 1925. References - p. 1996 1926. References - p. 1996 1927. Further Reading - p. 2001 1928. References - p. 2001 1929. 21 Systemic and Multi-Organ Diseases - p. 2002 1930. Cold Cow Syndrome - p. 2003 1931. Recumbency in horses of undetermined etiology - p. 2003 1932. Further Reading - p. 2006 1933. References - p. 2006 1934. Thin Sow Syndrome - p. 2006 1935. References - p. 2010 1936. Anthrax - p. 2011 1937. Further Reading - p. 2015 1938. References - p. 2015 1939. Further Reading - p. 2023 1940. References - p. 2023 1941. References - p. 2024 1942. Further Reading - p. 2025 1943. References - p. 2025 1944. Further Reading - p. 2027 1945. References - p. 2027 1946. Further Reading - p. 2029 1947. References - p. 2029 1948. Further Reading - p. 2031 1949. References - p. 2031 1950. Further Reading - p. 2033 1951. References - p. 2033 1952. Further Reading - p. 2038 1953. References - p. 2038 1954. Further Reading - p. 2039 1955. References - p. 2039 1956. Further Reading - p. 2040 1957. Reference - p. 2040 1958. Further Reading - p. 2042 1959. References - p. 2042 1960. Pasteurellosis of Sheep and Goats - p. 2042 1961. References - p. 2043 1962. References - p. 2045 1963. References - p. 2050 1964. Streptococcal Lymphadenitis of Swine (Jowl Abscesses, Cervical Abscesses) - p. 2051 1965. References - p. 2056 1966. References - p. 2057 1967. Klebsiella Pneumoniae Septicemia in Pigs - p. 2057 1968. References - p. 2058 1969. Foot-and-Mouth Disease (Aphthous Fever) - p. 2058 1970. Further Reading - p. 2067 1971. References - p. 2067 1972. Further Reading - p. 2069 1973. References - p. 2069 1974. Further Reading - p. 2076 1975. References - p. 2076 1976. Further Reading - p. 2080 1977. References - p. 2080 1978. References - p. 2080 1979. Further Reading - p. 2081 1980. References - p. 2081 1981. References - p. 2083 1982. Further Reading - p. 2084 1983. References - p. 2084 1984. References - p. 2086 1985. References - p. 2087 1986. Further Reading - p. 2091 1987. References - p. 2091 1988. References - p. 2096 1989. References - p. 2097 1990. References - p. 2098 1991. Further Reading - p. 2110 1992. References - p. 2110 1993. Further Reading - p. 2117 1994. References - p. 2117 1995. Further Reading - p. 2132 1996. References - p. 2132 1997. Further Reading - p. 2135 1998. References - p. 2135 1999. References - p. 2136 2000. Reference - p. 2136 2001. Further Reading - p. 2136 2002. References - p. 2136 2003. Further Reading - p. 2136 2004. References - p. 2136 2005. Further Reading - p. 2137 2006. Reference - p. 2137 2007. Bungowannah Virus - p. 2137 2008. Porcine Parvovirus - p. 2137 2009. References - p. 2137 2010. Sarcocystosis (Sarcosporidiosis) - p. 2137 2011. Further Reading - p. 2140 2012. References - p. 2140 2013. Further Reading - p. 2143 2014. References - p. 2143 2015. References - p. 2145 2016. Further Reading - p. 2148 2017. References - p. 2148 2018. Further Reading - p. 2149 2019. References - p. 2149 2020. Nagana (Samore, African Trypanosomaisis, Tsetse Fly Disease) - p. 2150 2021. Further Reading - p. 2156 2022. References - p. 2156 2023. Further Reading - p. 2158 2024. References - p. 2158 2025. Protothecosis and Chlorellosis (Algal Bacteremia) - p. 2158 2026. References - p. 2158 2027. References - p. 2159 2028. References - p. 2159 2029. References - p. 2159 2030. References - p. 2160 2031. References - p. 2160 2032. Further Reading - p. 2161 2033. References - p. 2161 2034. Sodium and/or Chloride Deficiency - p. 2161 2035. Magnesium Deficiency - p. 2162 2036. Further Reading - p. 2162 2037. References - p. 2162 2038. Further Reading - p. 2175 2039. References - p. 2176 2040. Riboflavin Deficiency (Hyporiboflavinosis) - p. 2176 2041. References - p. 2176 2042. Snakebite - p. 2176 2043. Further Reading - p. 2179 2044. References - p. 2179 2045. Further Reading - p. 2179 2046. Reference - p. 2179 2047. Further Reading - p. 2179 2048. References - p. 2179 2049. Moths - p. 2179 2050. Further Reading - p. 2180 2051. Reference - p. 2180 2052. Further Reading - p. 2180 2053. References - p. 2181 2054. Further Reading - p. 2181 2055. References - p. 2181 2056. Further Reading - p. 2181 2057. References - p. 2181 2058. Further Reading - p. 2182 2059. References - p. 2182 2060. Further Reading - p. 2185 2061. References - p. 2185 2062. Toxicosis From Dried Poultry Wastes - p. 2185 2063. Further Reading - p. 2185 2064. Further Reading - p. 2185 2065. Reference - p. 2186 2066. Further Reading - p. 2187 2067. References - p. 2187 2068. Further Reading - p. 2188 2069. Reference - p. 2188 2070. Further Reading - p. 2189 2071. References - p. 2189 2072. Further Reading - p. 2189 2073. References - p. 2189 2074. Further Reading - p. 2190 2075. References - p. 2190 2076. Toxicosis from Seed Dressings - p. 2190 2077. Further Reading - p. 2191 2078. References - p. 2191 2079. Further Reading - p. 2193 2080. References - p. 2193 2081. Further Reading - p. 2193 2082. Reference - p. 2193 2083. Further Reading - p. 2194 2084. References - p. 2194 2085. Further Reading - p. 2195 2086. References - p. 2195 2087. Further Reading - p. 2197 2088. References - p. 2197 2089. Ergotism - p. 2197 2090. Neotyphodium (Acremonium) spp. Toxicosis - p. 2199 2091. Fescue Toxicosis - p. 2199 2092. Further Reading - p. 2200 2093. References - p. 2200 2094. Fumonisin Toxicosis - p. 2200 2095. Further Reading - p. 2201 2096. References - p. 2202 2097. Further Reading - p. 2204 2098. References - p. 2204 2099. Further Reading - p. 2204 2100. References - p. 2204 2101. Further Reading - p. 2205 2102. References - p. 2205 2103. Further Reading - p. 2206 2104. References - p. 2206 2105. Toxicosis from Plant Phenols (Gossypol and Tannins) - p. 2206 2106. Gossypol - p. 2206 2107. Further Reading - p. 2207 2108. References - p. 2207 2109. Further Reading - p. 2212 2110. References - p. 2212 2111. Toxicosis From Brewer's Residues - p. 2212 2112. Further Reading - p. 2214 2113. References - p. 2214 2114. Further Reading - p. 2214 2115. References - p. 2214 2116. Appendix 1 Conversion Tables - p. 2215 2117. Appendix 2 Reference Laboratory Values - p. 2217 2118. Appendix 3 Drug doses and intervals for horses and ruminants - p. 2220 2119. Appendix 4 Drug doses and intervals for pigs - p. 2232 2120. Index - p. 2235 2121. How to Use This Book - p. IBC1