Year Book of Emergency Medicine 2012

1. Cover image - p. 1 2. Title page - p. 2 3. Table of Contents - p. 3 4. Trauma - p. 8 5. General Issues - p. 9 6. Do we glow? Evaluation of trauma team work habits and radiation exposure - p. 10 7. Are All Level I Trauma Centers Created Equal? A Comparison of American College of Surgeons and State-Verified Centers - p. 11 8. Epidemiology of out-of hospital pediatric cardiac arrest due to trauma - p. 12 9. In a Mature Trauma System, There Is No Difference in Outcome (Survival) Between Level I and Level II Trauma Centers - p. 13 10. Effect of comorbid illness on the long-term outcome of adults suffering major traumatic injury: a population-based cohort study - p. 14 11. Are general surgeons behind the curve when it comes to disaster preparedness training? A survey of general surgery and emergency medicine trainees in the United States by the Eastern Association for the Surgery for Trauma Committee on Disaster Preparedness - p. 15 12. Chronic consequences of acute injuries: Worse survival after discharge - p. 16 13. A decade of experience with a selective policy for direct to operating room trauma resuscitations - p. 17 14. Screening for traumatic stress among survivors of urban trauma - p. 18 15. Neighborhood Social Inequalities in Road Traffic Injuries: The Influence of Traffic Volume and Road Design - p. 19 16. Association Between Helicopter vs Ground Emergency Medical Services and Survival for Adults With Major Trauma - p. 20 17. A web-based model to support patient-to-hospital allocation in mass casualty incidents - p. 21 18. Evaluation - p. 22 19. Factors Associated With the Interfacility Transfer of the Pediatric Trauma Patient: Implications for Prehospital Triage - p. 23 20. Analysis of radiation exposure in trauma patients at a level I trauma center - p. 24 21. A Multisite Assessment of the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma Field Triage Decision Scheme for Identifying Seriously Injured Children and Adults - p. 25 22. Diagnostic Accuracy of Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST) Examinations Performed by Emergency Medical Technicians - p. 26 23. Repeat imaging in trauma transfers: A retrospective analysis of computed tomography scans repeated upon arrival to a Level I trauma center - p. 27 24. A prehospital shock index for trauma correlates with measures of hospital resource use and mortality - p. 28 25. Head and Neck Injury - p. 29 26. A prehospital shock index for trauma correlates with measures of hospital resource use and mortality - p. 30 27. Changing Characteristics of Facial Fractures Treated at a Regional, Level 1 Trauma Center, From 2005 to 2010: An Assessment of Patient Demographics, Referral Patterns, Etiology of Injury, Anatomic Location, and Clinical Outcomes - p. 31 28. Immediate and Delayed Traumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage in Patients With Head Trauma and Preinjury Warfarin or Clopidogrel Use - p. 32 29. Evaluating Age in the Field Triage of Injured Persons - p. 33 30. Management of Minor Head Injury in Patients Receiving Oral Anticoagulant Therapy: A Prospective Study of a 24-Hour Observation Protocol - p. 34 31. Immediate and Delayed Traumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage in Patients With Head Trauma and Preinjury Warfarin or Clopidogrel Use - p. 35 32. Subdural Hematomas and Emergency Management in Infancy and Childhood: A Single Institution’s Experience - p. 36 33. Thoraco-Abdominal Injury - p. 37 34. Risk factors that predict mortality in patients with blunt chest wall trauma: A systematic review and meta-analysis - p. 38 35. Patients With Rib Fractures Do Not Develop Delayed Pneumonia: A Prospective, Multicenter Cohort Study of Minor Thoracic Injury - p. 39 36. Resuscitation - p. 40 37. Cardiac Arrest - p. 41 38. Implication of cardiac marker elevation in patients who resuscitated from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest - p. 42 39. Time to first compression using Medical Priority Dispatch System compression-first dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation protocols - p. 43 40. Mild hypothermia treatment in patients resuscitated from non-shockable cardiac arrest - p. 44 41. Shock - p. 45 42. Lightweight noninvasive trauma monitor for early indication of central hypovolemia and tissue acidosis: A review - p. 46 43. Damage Control Immunoregulation: Is There a Role for Low-Volume Hypertonic Saline Resuscitation in Patients Managed with Damage Control Surgery? - p. 47 44. Cardiovascular - p. 48 45. A new site for venous access: superficial veins of portal collateral circulation - p. 49 46. Gender Differences in Calls to 9-1-1 During an Acute Coronary Syndrome - p. 50 47. Intraosseous Versus Intravenous Vascular Access During Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Randomized Controlled Trial - p. 51 48. Prehospital care of left ventricular assist device patients by emergency medical services - p. 52 49. Potential utility of near-infrared spectroscopy in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: an illustrative case series - p. 53 50. Impact of delayed and infrequent administration of vasopressors on return of spontaneous circulation during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest - p. 54 51. Prehospital Point-of-Care Testing for Troponin: Are the Results Reliable? - p. 55 52. Cardiac arrest survival is rare without prehospital return of spontaneous circulation - p. 56 53. Genetics of myocardial infarction: a progress report - p. 57 54. Effect of Long-Term Thoracic Epidural Analgesia on Refractory Angina Pectoris: A 10-Year Experience - p. 58 55. Community-based gender perspectives of triage and treatment in suspected myocardial infarction - p. 59 56. A new electrocardiographic criteria for emergent reperfusion therapy - p. 60 57. Body Mass Index and Mortality in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients - p. 61 58. Posterior myocardial infarction: are we failing to diagnose this? - p. 62 59. Electrocardiographic Differentiation of Early Repolarization From Subtle Anterior ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction - p. 63 60. Respiratory Distress - p. 64 61. Congestive Heart Failure - p. 65 62. Feasibility of continuous positive airway pressure by primary care paramedics - p. 66 63. Pulmonary Embolism - p. 67 64. Ordering CT pulmonary angiography to exclude pulmonary embolism: defense versus evidence in the emergency room - p. 68 65. Evaluation of pulmonary embolism in the emergency department and consistency with a national quality measure: quantifying the opportunity for improvement - p. 69 66. Normalization of Vital Signs Does Not Reduce the Probability of Acute Pulmonary Embolism in Symptomatic Emergency Department Patients - p. 70 67. Risk factors associated with delayed diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism - p. 71 68. Infections and Immunologic Disorders - p. 72 69. Lower mortality in sepsis patients admitted through the ED vs direct admission - p. 73 70. Advanced endotracheal tube biofilm stage, not duration of intubation, is related to pneumonia - p. 74 71. Viral Meningitis: Which Patients Can Be Discharged from the Emergency Department? - p. 75 72. The degree of bandemia in septic ED patients does not predict inpatient mortality - p. 76 73. Acute meningitis prognosis using cerebrospinal fluid interleukin-6 levels - p. 77 74. Ambulatory Intravenous Antibiotic Therapy for Children With Preseptal Cellulitis - p. 78 75. U.S. Emergency Department Visits for Meningitis, 1993–2008 - p. 79 76. Neurology - p. 80 77. Cheerio, Laddie! Bidding Farewell to the Glasgow Coma Scale - p. 81 78. Does primary stroke center certification change ED diagnosis, utilization, and disposition of patients with acute stroke? - p. 82 79. Effect of Functional Status on Survival in Patients With Stroke: Is Independent Ambulation a Key Determinant? - p. 83 80. Effects of microbubbles on transcranial Doppler ultrasound-assisted intracranial urokinase thrombolysis - p. 84 81. Neuroprotective Effect of Curcumin in an Experimental Rat Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage - p. 85 82. Variables Associated With Discordance Between Emergency Physician and Neurologist Diagnoses of Transient Ischemic Attacks in the Emergency Department - p. 86 83. Stroke Mimics and Intravenous Thrombolysis - p. 87 84. Psychiatry - p. 88 85. Can Activation of Coagulation and Impairment of Fibrinolysis in Patients With Anxiety and Depression Be Reversed After Improvement of Psychiatric Symptoms? Results of a Pilot Study - p. 89 86. Gastrointenstinal - p. 90 87. Eliminating routine oral contrast use for CT in the emergency department: impact on patient throughput and diagnosis - p. 91 88. Clinical triage decision vs risk scores in predicting the need for endotherapy in upper gastrointestinal bleeding - p. 92 89. Adult intussusception: presentation, management, and outcomes of 148 patients - p. 93 90. Ondansetron Use in the Pediatric Emergency Room for Diagnoses Other Than Acute Gastroenteritis - p. 94 91. Endrocrinology - p. 95 92. Prevalence of hypokalemia in ED patients with diabetic ketoacidosis - p. 96 93. Emergency Department Patients With Diabetes Have Better Glycemic Control When They Have Identifiable Primary Care Providers - p. 97 94. Pediatric Emergency Medicine - p. 98 95. General Issues - p. 99 96. Reasons for Nonurgent Pediatric Emergency Department Visits: Perceptions of Health Care Providers and Caregivers - p. 100 97. Pediatric clavicular fractures: assessment of fracture patterns and predictors of complicated outcome - p. 101 98. Epidemiology of pediatric hand injuries presenting to United States emergency departments, 1990 to 2009 - p. 102 99. Cardiac Troponin T as a Screening Test for Myocarditis in Children - p. 103 100. Accuracy of plain radiographs to exclude the diagnosis of intussusception - p. 104 101. A Clinical Decision Rule to Identify Infants With Apparent Life-Threatening Event Who Can Be Safely Discharged From the Emergency Department - p. 105 102. Age variability in pediatric injuries from falls - p. 106 103. Emergency Department Transport Rates of Children From the Scene of Motor Vehicle Collisions: Do Booster Seats Make a Difference? - p. 107 104. Utilization of a Pediatric Observation Unit for Toxicologic Ingestions - p. 108 105. Conducted Electrical Weapon (TASER) Use Against Minors: A Shocking Analysis - p. 109 106. Petechaiae/Purpura in Well-Appearing Infants - p. 110 107. Infectious Disease - p. 111 108. Adherence of families to a group a streptococcal pharyngitis protocol used in a pediatric emergency department - p. 112 109. Delayed Versus Immediate Antimicrobial Treatment for Acute Otitis Media - p. 113 110. The management of bite wounds in children–A retrospective analysis at a level I trauma centre - p. 114 111. Accuracy of Ultrasonography Versus Computed Tomography Scan in Detecting Parapharengeal Abscess in Children - p. 115 112. Procalcitonin as a Marker of Bacteremia in Children With Fever and a Central Venous Catheter Presenting to the Emergency Department - p. 116 113. Comparison of Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid High Dose with Cefdinir in the Treatment of Acute Otitis Media - p. 117 114. Neuroscience - p. 118 115. The frequency of cerebral ischemia/hypoxia in pediatric severe traumatic brain injury - p. 119 116. Sports-Related Concussions - p. 120 117. Implementation of Adapted PECARN Decision Rule for Children With Minor Head Injury in the Pediatric Emergency Department - p. 121 118. Implementation of Adapted PECARN Decision Rule for Children With Minor Head Injury in the Pediatric Emergency Department - p. 122 119. Utility of Plain Radiographs in Detecting Traumatic Injuries of the Cervical Spine in Children - p. 123 120. Procedures - p. 124 121. Contact Lens Removal: The “Chopstick” Approach - p. 125 122. Etomidate for Short Pediatric Procedures in the Emergency Department - p. 126 123. Diagnosis of Intussusception by Physician Novice Sonographers in the Emergency Department - p. 127 124. Children With and Without Developmental Disabilities: Sedation Medication Requirements and Adverse Events Related to Sedation - p. 128 125. Adherence to PALS Sepsis Guidelines and Hospital Length of Stay - p. 129 126. ED point-of-care ultrasound in the diagnosis of ankle fractures in children - p. 130 127. Sonographic Diagnosis of Metaphyseal Forearm Fractures in Children: A Safe and Applicable Alternative to Standard X-Rays - p. 131 128. Randomized Trial Comparing Wound Packing to No Wound Packing Following Incision and Drainage of Superficial Skin Abscesses in the Pediatric Emergency Department - p. 132 129. Topical anesthetic cream is associated with spontaneous cutaneous abscess drainage in children - p. 133 130. Dehydration Treatment Practices Among Pediatrics-Trained and Non–Pediatrics Trained Emergency Physicians - p. 134 131. Induction Dose of Propofol for Pediatric Patients Undergoing Procedural Sedation in the Emergency Department - p. 135 132. Intranasal Fentanyl and High-concentration Inhaled Nitrous Oxide for Procedural Sedation: A Prospective Observational Pilot Study of Adverse Events and Depth of Sedation - p. 136 133. Pulmonary - p. 137 134. Triage Nurse Initiation of Corticosteroids in Pediatric Asthma is Associated With Improved Emergency Department Efficiency - p. 138 135. Capnometry as a Predictor of Admission in Bronchiolitis - p. 139 136. Complicated and Dislodged Airway Foreign Body in an Intubated Child: Case Report - p. 140 137. Fatal and Near-Fatal Asthma in Children: The Critical Care Perspective - p. 141 138. Effect of Honey on Nocturnal Cough and Sleep Quality: A Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study - p. 142 139. Surgery - p. 143 140. Trampoline Safety in Childhood and Adolescence - p. 144 141. Are routine pelvic radiographs in major pediatric blunt trauma necessary? - p. 145 142. Spinal cord trauma in children under 10 years of age: clinical characteristics and prevention - p. 146 143. Race disparities in firearm injuries and outcomes among Tennessee children - p. 147 144. The acute compartment syndrome following fractures of the lower leg in children - p. 148 145. Support for blood alcohol screening in pediatric trauma - p. 149 146. Theoretical increase of thyroid cancer induction from cervical spine multidetector computed tomography in pediatric trauma patients - p. 150 147. Serum troponin-I as an indicator of clinically significant myocardial injury in paediatric trauma patients - p. 151 148. The Predictive Value of a Normal Radiographic Anterior Fat Pad Sign Following Elbow Trauma in Children - p. 152 149. Hidden attraction: a menacing meal of magnets and batteries - p. 153 150. Diagnosis and treatment of tracheobronchial foreign bodies in 1024 children - p. 154 151. C-Reactive Protein and Procalcitonin Are Predictors of the Severity of Acute Appendicitis in Children - p. 155 152. Emergency Medical Service Systems - p. 156 153. General Issues - p. 157 154. Global rating scale for the assessment of paramedic clinical competence - p. 158 155. Comparison of emergency medical services systems across Pan-Asian countries: a Web-based survey - p. 159 156. HEMS in Slovenia: One Country, Four Models, Different Quality Outcomes - p. 160 157. The core content of emergency medical services medicine - p. 161 158. Disparities in Trauma Center Access of Older Injured Motor Vehicular Crash Occupants - p. 162 159. Safety and Resource Utilization - p. 163 160. A pilot study of emergency medical technicians’ field assessment of intoxicated patients’ need for ED care - p. 164 161. Can nebulized naloxone be used safely and effectively by emergency medical services for suspected opioid overdose? - p. 165 162. Intravenous Access During Out-of-Hospital Emergency Care of Noninjured Patients: A Population-Based Outcome Study - p. 166 163. Life Flight Network - p. 167 164. Effects of physician-based emergency medical service dispatch in severe traumatic brain injury on prehospital run time - p. 168 165. Medical preparation for the 2008 Republican National Convention: A practical guide - p. 169 166. The methodology of the Australian Prehospital Outcomes Study of Longitudinal Epidemiology (APOStLE) Project - p. 171 167. Three insulation methods to minimize intravenous fluid administration set heat loss - p. 172 168. The 60-Day Temperature-Dependent Degradation of Midazolam and Lorazepam in the Prehospital Environment - p. 173 169. Successful Administration of Intranasal Glucagon in the Out-of-Hospital Environment - p. 174 170. Lithium Battery Fires: Implications for Air Medical Transport - p. 175 171. Major incident preparation for acute hospitals: Current state-of-the-art, training needs analysis, and the role of novel virtual worlds simulation technologies - p. 176 172. Factors associated with ambulance use among patients with low-acuity conditions - p. 177 173. Ten-year trends in intoxications and requests for emergency ambulance service - p. 178 174. Helicopter Emergency Medical Service in Tehran, Iran: A Descriptive Study - p. 179 175. Effects of an emergency medical services–based resource access program on frequent users of health services - p. 180 176. Inappropriate helicopter emergency medical services transports: results of a national cohort utilization review - p. 181 177. Accuracy of prehospital diagnosis and triage of a Swiss helicopter emergency medical service - p. 182 178. The impact of distance on triage to trauma center care in an urban trauma system - p. 183 179. Effect of gender on prehospital refusal of medical aid - p. 184 180. Cardiovascular - p. 185 181. Termination of resuscitation for adult traumatic cardiopulmonary arrest - p. 186 182. Non-Urgent Commercial Air Travel After Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Review of the Literature and Commentary on the Recommendations - p. 187 183. EMS Medical Direction and Prehospital Practices for Acute Cardiovascular Events - p. 188 184. Treatment and Imaging - p. 189 185. Occult traumatic loculated tension pneumothorax—a sonographic diagnostic dilemma - p. 190 186. Toxicology - p. 191 187. A Case of Histamine Fish Poisoning in a Young Atopic Woman - p. 192 188. Long-term neurotoxic effects of dimethylamine borane intoxication - p. 193 189. Use of haloperidol in PCP-intoxicated individuals - p. 194 190. Severe Colchicine Intoxication in a Renal Transplant Recipient on Cyclosporine - p. 195 191. A rare cause of poisoning in childhood: yellow phosphorus - p. 196 192. A Review of Disaster-Related Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Opportunities for Prevention - p. 197 193. A rare cause of atrial fibrillation: mad honey intoxication - p. 198 194. Aminorex poisoning in cocaine abusers - p. 199 195. Anaphylaxis at image-guided epidural pain block secondary to corticosteroid compound - p. 200 196. Rapid and Complete Bioavailability of Antidotes for Organophosphorus Nerve Agent and Cyanide Poisoning in Minipigs After Intraosseous Administration - p. 201 197. Gastro-intestinal poisoning due to consumption of daffodils mistaken for vegetables at commercial markets, Bristol, United Kingdom - p. 202 198. Maternal exposure to moderate ambient carbon monoxide is associated with decreased risk of preeclampsia - p. 203 199. Severe Poisoning After Accidental Pediatric Ingestion of Glycol Ethers - p. 204 200. Accidental poisoning after ingestion of “aphrodisiac” berries: diagnosis by analytical toxicology - p. 205 201. The effects of fructose-1,6-diphosphate on haemodynamic parameters and survival in a rodent model of propranolol and verapamil poisoning - p. 206 202. Buprenorphine May Not Be as Safe as You Think: A Pediatric Fatality From Unintentional Exposure - p. 207 203. Mistaken identity: Severe vomiting, bradycardia and hypotension after eating a wild herb - p. 208 204. A case of near-fatal fenpyroximate intoxication: The role of percutaneous cardiopulmonary support and therapeutic hypothermia - p. 209 205. Pulmonary edema following scorpion envenomation: Mechanisms, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment - p. 210 206. Mechanisms of Cadmium-Induced Proximal Tubule Injury: New Insights with Implications for Biomonitoring and Therapeutic Interventions - p. 211 207. Serum tau protein level for neurological injuries in carbon monoxide poisoning - p. 212 208. Fatal gastrointestinal hemorrhage after a single dose of dabigatran - p. 213 209. Detecting damaged regions of cerebral white matter in the subacute phase after carbon monoxide poisoning using voxel-based analysis with diffusion tensor imaging - p. 214 210. Recipients of hyperbaric oxygen treatment for carbon monoxide poisoning and exposure circumstances - p. 215 211. Noninvasive pulse CO-oximetry expedites evaluation and management of patients with carbon monoxide poisoning - p. 216 212. Carbon Monoxide Induces Cardiac Arrhythmia Via Induction of the Late Na+ Current - p. 217 213. Safety and Cost-Effectiveness of a Clinical Protocol Implemented to Standardize the use of Crotalidae Polyvalent Immune Fab Antivenom at an Academic Medical Center - p. 218 214. Acute kidney injury in patients admitted to a liver intensive therapy unit with paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity - p. 219 215. Octreotide for the treatment of sulfonylurea poisoning - p. 220 216. Unexpected late rise in plasma acetaminophen concentrations with change in risk stratification in acute acetaminophen overdoses - p. 221 217. Delayed Parkinsonism after CO Intoxication: Evaluation of the Substantia Nigra with Inversion-Recovery MR Imaging - p. 222 218. Increased Carbon Monoxide Clearance During Exercise in Humans - p. 223 219. The clinical toxicology of gamma-hydroxybutyrate, gamma-butyrolactone and 1,4-butanediol - p. 224 220. Life-treatening necrotizing fasciitis due to ‘bath salts’ injection - p. 225 221. Emergency Center Activities - p. 226 222. Atraumatic headache in US emergency departments: recent trends in CT/MRI utilisation and factors associated with severe intracranial pathology - p. 227 223. Fetal loss in symptomatic first-trimester pregnancy with documented yolk sac intrauterine pregnancy - p. 228 224. Impact of physician-assisted triage on timing of antibiotic delivery in patients admitted to the hospital with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) - p. 229 225. Characteristics of frequent geriatric users of an urban emergency department - p. 230 226. A National Depiction of Children With Return Visits to the Emergency Department Within 72 Hours, 2001–2007 - p. 231 227. Answering the myth: use of emergency services on Friday the 13th - p. 232 228. Diagnostic and Prognostic Stratification in the Emergency Department Using Urinary Biomarkers of Nephron Damage: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study - p. 233 229. Emergency Medical Services for Children: The New Jersey Model - p. 234 230. Early Pediatric Emergency Department Return Visits: A Prospective Patient-Centric Assessment - p. 235 231. Cancer diagnosis and outcomes in Michigan EDs vs other settings - p. 236 232. Can Asymptomatic Patients With a Supratherapeutic International Normalized Ratio Be Safely Treated as Outpatients? - p. 237 233. IV access difficulty: incidence and delays in an urban emergency department - p. 238 234. International evidence-based recommendations on ultrasound-guided vascular access - p. 239 235. Seasonality of Testicular Torsion: A 10-Year Nationwide Population Based Study - p. 240 236. Effectiveness of Tai Chi as a Community-Based Falls Prevention Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial - p. 241 237. An Over-the-Counter Simulation Study of a Single-Tablet Emergency Contraceptive in Young Females - p. 242 238. Consultation in the emergency department: a qualitative analysis and review - p. 243 239. Effect on Injuries of Assigning Shoes Based on Foot Shape in Air Force Basic Training - p. 244 240. From Hot Hands to Declining Effects: The Risks of Small Numbers - p. 245 241. Cost-effectiveness and budget impact analyses of a long-term hypertension detection and control program for stroke prevention - p. 246 242. Carotid intima-media thickness progression to predict cardiovascular events in the general population (the PROG-IMT collaborative project): a meta-analysis of individual participant data - p. 247 243. Contemporary Evidence About Hospital Strategies for Reducing 30-Day Readmissions: A National Study - p. 248 244. Are Patients With Longer Emergency Department Wait Times Less Likely to Consent to Research? - p. 249 245. Impact of nasogastric lavage on outcomes in acute GI bleeding - p. 250 246. A community intervention trial to evaluate emergency care practitioners in the management of children - p. 251 247. Management of an Apparent Life-Threatening Event: A Survey of Emergency Physicians Practice - p. 252 248. The importance of a proper against-medical-advice (AMA) discharge: how signing out AMA may create significant liability protection for providers - p. 253 249. Emergency Department Triage: Do Experienced Nurses Agree on Triage Scores? - p. 254