Year Book of Endocrinology 2012

1. Cover image - p. 1 2. Title page - p. 2 3. Table of Contents - p. 3 4. Long-Term Effects of Intensive Glucose Lowering on Cardiovascular Outcomes - p. 7 5. Acute Hypoglycemia Decreases Myocardial Blood Flow Reserve in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and in Healthy Humans - p. 8 6. Intensive glycemic control has no impact on the risk of heart failure in type 2 diabetic patients: Evidence from a 37,229 patient meta-analysis - p. 9 7. The duration of diabetes affects the response to intensive glucose control in type 2 subjects: the VA Diabetes Trial - p. 10 8. New-onset diabetes and cardiovascular events in essential hypertensives: A 6-year follow-up study - p. 11 9. Utility of Hemoglobin A1c for Diagnosing Prediabetes and Diabetes in Obese Children and Adolescents - p. 12 10. Antidiabetic actions of a non–agonist PPARγ ligand blocking Cdk5–mediated phosphorylation - p. 13 11. Donor Islet Endothelial Cells in Pancreatic Islet Revascularization - p. 14 12. Dual elimination of the glucagon and GLP-1 receptors in mice reveals plasticity in the incretin axis - p. 15 13. A genetically engineered human pancreatic β cell line exhibiting glucose-inducible insulin secretion - p. 16 14. MicroRNAs in β-Cell Biology, Insulin Resistance, Diabetes and Its Complications - p. 17 15. Genome-Wide Association Identifies Nine Common Variants Associated With Fasting Proinsulin Levels and Provides New Insights Into the Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes - p. 18 16. Hepatic Glucagon Action Is Essential for Exercise-Induced Reversal of Mouse Fatty Liver - p. 19 17. A small molecule differentiation inducer increases insulin production by pancreatic β cells - p. 20 18. Management of type 2 diabetes: new and future developments in treatment - p. 21 19. Insulin Receptor Substrate 1 Gene Variation Modifies Insulin Resistance Response to Weight-Loss Diets in a 2-Year Randomized Trial: The Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies (POUNDS LOST) Trial - p. 22 20. Valsartan Improves β-Cell Function and Insulin Sensitivity in Subjects With Impaired Glucose Metabolism: A randomized controlled trial - p. 23 21. Body Weight, Not Insulin Sensitivity or Secretion, May Predict Spontaneous Weight Changes in Nondiabetic and Prediabetic Subjects: The RISC Study - p. 24 22. Quantification of sleep behavior and of its impact on the cross-talk between the brain and peripheral metabolism - p. 25 23. Incretin Effects on β-Cell Function, Replication, and Mass: The human perspective - p. 26 24. Long-Term Persistence of Hormonal Adaptations to Weight Loss - p. 27 25. Prospective Associations of Vitamin D With β-Cell Function and Glycemia: The PROspective Metabolism and ISlet cell Evaluation (PROMISE) Cohort Study - p. 28 26. Noninvasive MRI of β-cell function using a Zn2+-responsive contrast agent - p. 29 27. Detection of β cell death in diabetes using differentially methylated circulating DNA - p. 30 28. Low-Density Lipoproteins Containing Apolipoprotein C-III and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease - p. 31 29. Isolated Low Levels of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Are Associated with an Increased Risk of Coronary Heart Disease: An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis of 23 Studies in the Asia-Pacific Region - p. 32 30. Association of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol With Incident Cardiovascular Events in Women, by Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Apolipoprotein B100 Levels: A Cohort Study - p. 33 31. Associations Between Lipoprotein(a) Levels and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Black and White Subjects: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study - p. 34 32. LCAT, HDL Cholesterol and Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study of HDL Cholesterol in 54,500 Individuals - p. 35 33. Impact of metabolic syndrome and its components on cardiovascular disease event rates in 4900 patients with type 2 diabetes assigned to placebo in the field randomised trial - p. 36 34. Coronary artery disease and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease - p. 38 35. Effect of Metabolic Syndrome on Coronary Artery Stenosis and Plaque Characteristics as Assessed with 64–Detector Row Cardiac CT - p. 39 36. Statin Use in Outpatients With Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease - p. 40 37. On-Treatment Non–High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, Apolipoprotein B, Triglycerides, and Lipid Ratios in Relation to Residual Vascular Risk After Treatment With Potent Statin Therapy: JUPITER (Justification for the Use of Statins in Prevention: An Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin) - p. 41 38. Association of LDL Cholesterol, Non–HDL Cholesterol, and Apolipoprotein B Levels With Risk of Cardiovascular Events Among Patients Treated With Statins: A Meta-analysis - p. 42 39. The effects of lowering LDL cholesterol with simvastatin plus ezetimibe in patients with chronic kidney disease (Study of Heart and Renal Protection): a randomised placebo-controlled trial - p. 43 40. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol as a predictor of clinical outcomes in patients achieving low-density lipoprotein cholesterol targets with statins after percutaneous coronary intervention - p. 45 41. Effects of the CETP Inhibitor Evacetrapib Administered as Monotherapy or in Combination With Statins on HDL and LDL Cholesterol: A Randomized Controlled Trial - p. 46 42. Niacin in Patients with Low HDL Cholesterol Levels Receiving Intensive Statin Therapy - p. 47 43. Lack of Effect of Lowering LDL Cholesterol on Cancer: Meta-Analysis of Individual Data from 175,000 People in 27 Randomised Trials of Statin Therapy - p. 50 44. Risk of Incident Diabetes With Intensive-Dose Compared With Moderate-Dose Statin Therapy: A Meta-analysis - p. 51 45. Effects on 11-year mortality and morbidity of lowering LDL cholesterol with simvastatin for about 5 years in 20 536 high-risk individuals: a randomised controlled trial - p. 52 46. Lipoprotein (a) and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Young Patients With Stroke - p. 53 47. Statin Use During Ischemic Stroke Hospitalization Is Strongly Associated With Improved Poststroke Survival - p. 54 48. Long-Term Persistence of Hormonal Adaptations to Weight Loss - p. 56 49. Comparative Effectiveness of Weight-Loss Interventions in Clinical Practice - p. 57 50. A Two-Year Randomized Trial of Obesity Treatment in Primary Care Practice - p. 58 51. Calcium and vitamin D supplementation is associated with decreased abdominal visceral adipose tissue in overweight and obese adults - p. 59 52. Replacing caloric beverages with water or diet beverages for weight loss in adults: main results of the Choose Healthy Options Consciously Everyday (CHOICE) randomized clinical trial - p. 60 53. Hypertriglyceridemic waist: a simple clinical phenotype associated with coronary artery disease in women - p. 61 54. The effect of increasing obesity on the response to and outcome of assisted reproductive technology: a national study - p. 62 55. Obesity Is Not Protective against Fracture in Postmenopausal Women: GLOW - p. 63 56. A PGC1–α–dependent myokine that drives brown–fat–like development of white fat and thermogenesis - p. 64 57. Impact of weight change, secular trends and ageing on cardiovascular risk factors: 10-year experiences from the SOS study - p. 65 58. Obesity is associated with hypothalamic injury in rodents and humans - p. 66 59. Two-year sustained weight loss and metabolic benefits with controlled-release Phentermine/Topiramate in obese and overweight adults (SEQUEL): a randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 extension study - p. 67 60. Bariatric Surgery versus Intensive Medical Therapy in Obese Patients with Diabetes - p. 68 61. Bariatric Surgery versus Conventional Medical Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes - p. 69 62. Selenium and the Course of Mild Graves’ Orbitopathy - p. 70 63. Evidence of a Combined Cytotoxic Thyroglobulin and Thyroperoxidase Epitope-Specific Cellular Immunity in Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis - p. 71 64. A prospective study of lymphocyte subpopulations and regulatory T cells in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection developing interferon-induced thyroiditis - p. 72 65. Induction of Autoimmune Thyroiditis by Depletion of CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T cells in Thyroiditis-Resistant IL-17, But Not Interferon-γ Receptor, Knockout Nonobese Diabetic-H2h4 Mice - p. 73 66. Protein Kinase Cε Regulates Proliferation and Cell Sensitivity to TGF-1β of CD4+ T Lymphocytes: Implications for Hashimoto Thyroiditis - p. 74 67. Simultaneous Occurrence of Subacute Thyroiditis and Graves’ Disease - p. 75 68. Fibroblasts Expressing the Thyrotropin Receptor Overarch Thyroid and Orbit in Graves’ Disease - p. 76 69. Outcome of Graves’ Orbitopathy after Total Thyroid Ablation and Glucocorticoid Treatment: Follow-Up of a Randomized Clinical Trial - p. 77 70. High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation of Thyroid Nodules: First Human Feasibility Study - p. 78 71. The Prevalence and Features of Thyroid Pyramidal Lobes as Assessed by Computed Tomography - p. 79 72. Increased Risk for Non-Autoimmune Hypothyroidism in Young Patients with Congenital Heart Defects - p. 80 73. Serum TSH within the Reference Range as a Predictor of Future Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism: 11-Year Follow-Up of the HUNT Study in Norway - p. 81 74. A Mutation in the Thyroid Hormone Receptor Alpha Gene - p. 82 75. Treatment of Amiodarone-Induced Thyrotoxicosis Type 2: A Randomized Clinical Trial - p. 83 76. Vandetanib in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Medullary Thyroid Cancer: A Randomized, Double-Blind Phase III Trial - p. 84 77. CXCR4 expression correlates with the degree of tumor infiltration and BRAF status in papillary thyroid carcinomas - p. 85 78. Immunoglobulin G expression and its colocalization with complement proteins in papillary thyroid cancer - p. 86 79. Associations between promoter polymorphism -106A/G of interleukin-11 receptor alpha and papillary thyroid cancer in Korean population - p. 87 80. The Effects of Four Different Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors on Medullary and Papillary Thyroid Cancer Cells - p. 88 81. Current Thyroglobulin Autoantibody (TgAb) Assays Often Fail to Detect Interfering TgAb that Can Result in the Reporting of Falsely Low/Undetectable Serum Tg IMA Values for Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer - p. 89 82. Mutationally Activated BRAFV600E Elicits Papillary Thyroid Cancer in the Adult Mouse - p. 90 83. Anaplastic Thyroid Cancers Harbor Novel Oncogenic Mutations of the ALK Gene - p. 91 84. Activity of XL184 (Cabozantinib), an Oral Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, in Patients With Medullary Thyroid Cancer - p. 92 85. Sunitinib-Induced Hypothyroidism Is due to Induction of Type 3 Deiodinase Activity and Thyroidal Capillary Regression - p. 93 86. Neuropilin-2 Expression in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: Correlation with VEGF-D Expression, Lymph Node Metastasis, and VEGF-D-Induced Aggressive Cancer Cell Phenotype - p. 94 87. Glucagon Like Peptide-1 Receptor Expression in the Human Thyroid Gland - p. 95 88. Antenatal Thyroid Screening and Childhood Cognitive Function - p. 96 89. On the prevalence of the PAX8-PPARG fusion resulting from the chromosomal translocation t(2;3)(q13;p25) in adenomas of the thyroid - p. 97 90. Delta-Like 4/Notch Pathway Is Differentially Regulated in Benign and Malignant Thyroid Tissues - p. 98 91. A Hidden Solution - p. 99 92. Calcium supplements with or without vitamin D and risk of cardiovascular events: reanalysis of the Women’s Health Initiative limited access dataset and meta-analysis - p. 100 93. Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and the Antifracture Efficacy of Alendronate - p. 101 94. Effect of Stopping Risedronate after Long-Term Treatment on Bone Turnover - p. 102 95. The Effect of 3 Versus 6 Years of Zoledronic Acid Treatment of Osteoporosis: A Randomized Extension to the HORIZON-Pivotal Fracture Trial (PFT) - p. 103 96. Effect of Denosumab Treatment on the Risk of Fractures in Subgroups of Women With Postmenopausal Osteoporosis - p. 104 97. Treatment with Denosumab Reduces the Incidence of New Vertebral and Hip Fractures in Postmenopausal Women at High Risk - p. 105 98. Effects of Denosumab on Fracture and Bone Mineral Density by Level of Kidney Function - p. 106 99. Relationship Between Bone Mineral Density Changes With Denosumab Treatment and Risk Reduction for Vertebral and Nonvertebral Fractures - p. 107 100. Five Years of Denosumab Exposure in Women With Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: Results From the First Two Years of the FREEDOM Extension - p. 108 101. The Effects of Ronacaleret, a Calcium-Sensing Receptor Antagonist, on Bone Mineral Density and Biochemical Markers of Bone Turnover in Postmenopausal Women with Low Bone Mineral Density - p. 109 102. Hip Fracture and Increased Short-term but Not Long-term Mortality in Healthy Older Women - p. 110 103. Association of Hip Strength Estimates by Finite-Element Analysis With Fractures in Women and Men - p. 111 104. Relationship of femoral neck areal bone mineral density to volumetric bone mineral density, bone size, and femoral strength in men and women - p. 112 105. Relationship of Age to Bone Microstructure Independent of Areal Bone Mineral Density - p. 113 106. Determinants of forearm strength in postmenopausal women - p. 114 107. Effects of Antiresorptive Treatment on Nonvertebral Fracture Outcomes - p. 115 108. Association of BMD and FRAX Score With Risk of Fracture in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes - p. 116 109. Fracture Risk in Women With Breast Cancer: A Population-Based Study - p. 117 110. Fracture Risk in Men With Prostate Cancer: A Population-Based Study - p. 118 111. Levels of Serotonin, Sclerostin, Bone Turnover Markers as well as Bone Density and Microarchitecture in Patients With High-Bone-Mass Phenotype Due to a Mutation in Lrp5 - p. 119 112. Change in Undercarboxylated Osteocalcin Is Associated with Changes in Body Weight, Fat Mass, and Adiponectin: Parathyroid Hormone (1-84) or Alendronate Therapy in Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis (the PaTH Study) - p. 120 113. A Single Infusion of Zoledronic Acid Produces Sustained Remissions in Paget Disease: Data to 6.5 Years - p. 121 114. Circulating Sclerostin in Disorders of Parathyroid Gland Function - p. 122 115. PTH(1–84) Administration Reverses Abnormal Bone-Remodeling Dynamics and Structure in Hypoparathyroidism - p. 123 116. Diets Higher in Dairy Foods and Dietary Protein Support Bone Health During Diet- and Exercise-Induced Weight Loss in Overweight and Obese Premenopausal Women - p. 124 117. Is Vitamin D a Determinant of Muscle Mass and Strength? - p. 125 118. High Doses of Vitamin D to Reduce Exacerbations in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Randomized Trial - p. 126 119. Intensely Positron Emission Tomography-avid Benign Adrenal Adenoma - p. 127 120. CT-Guided Percutaneous Microwave Ablation of Adrenal Malignant Carcinoma: Preliminary Results - p. 128 121. Drug interactions with mitotane by induction of CYP3A4 metabolism in the clinical management of adrenocortical carcinoma - p. 129 122. 18F-FDG-PET/CT Imaging of ACTH-Independent Macronodular Adrenocortical Hyperplasia (AIMAH) Demonstrating Increased 18F-FDG Uptake - p. 130 123. Metastatic Adrenocortical Carcinoma: Results of 56 Pulmonary Metastasectomies in 24 Patients - p. 131 124. Urine Steroid Metabolomics as a Biomarker Tool for Detecting Malignancy in Adrenal Tumors - p. 132 125. Bone Mineral Density Is Not Significantly Reduced in Adult Patients on Low-Dose Glucocorticoid Replacement Therapy - p. 133 126. Stereotactic radiotherapy for adrenal gland metastases: University of Florence experience - p. 134 127. Clinical and Pathophysiological Implications of Chromosomal Alterations in Adrenocortical Tumors: An Integrated Genomic Approach - p. 135 128. Functional effects of DAX-1 mutations identified in patients with X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita - p. 137 129. A Novel Entity of Clinically Isolated Adrenal Insufficiency Caused by a Partially Inactivating Mutation of the Gene Encoding for P450 Side Chain Cleavage Enzyme (CYP11A1) - p. 138 130. Improved Cortisol Exposure-Time Profile and Outcome in Patients with Adrenal Insufficiency: A Prospective Randomized Trial of a Novel Hydrocortisone Dual-Release Formulation - p. 139 131. High frequency of adrenal myelolipomas and testicular adrenal rest tumours in adult Norwegian patients with classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia because of 21-hydroxylase deficiency - p. 140 132. Testicular Adrenal Rest Tumors in Patients With Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: Prevalence and Sonographic, Hormonal, and Seminal Characteristics - p. 141 133. A Large Family with Carney Complex Caused by the S147G PRKAR1A Mutation Shows a Unique Spectrum of Disease Including Adrenocortical Cancer - p. 142 134. Carney Complex with Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma - p. 143 135. Intraprocedural Cortisol Measurement Increases Adrenal Vein Sampling Success Rate in Primary Aldosteronism - p. 144 136. Evaluation of the Sensitivity and Specificity of 11C-Metomidate Positron Emission Tomography (PET)-CT for Lateralizing Aldosterone Secretion by Conn’s Adenomas - p. 145 137. 18-Hydroxycorticosterone, 18-Hydroxycortisol, and 18-Oxocortisol in the Diagnosis of Primary Aldosteronism and Its Subtypes - p. 146 138. Role of autonomous androgen receptor signaling in prostate cancer initiation is dichotomous and depends on the oncogenic signal - p. 147 139. Taxane-Induced Blockade to Nuclear Accumulation of the Androgen Receptor Predicts Clinical Responses in Metastatic Prostate Cancer - p. 148 140. Acute testosterone deprivation reduces insulin sensitivity in men - p. 149 141. Effects of Abiraterone Acetate on Androgen Signaling in Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer in Bone - p. 150 142. Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Factors in PCOS Women of Postmenopausal Age: A 21-Year Controlled Follow-Up Study - p. 151 143. Antral follicle counts are strongly associated with live-birth rates after assisted reproduction, with superior treatment outcome in women with polycystic ovaries - p. 152 144. Cigarette Smoking and Endogenous Sex Hormones in Postmenopausal Women - p. 153 145. Diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): revisiting the threshold values of follicle count on ultrasound and of the serum AMH level for the definition of polycystic ovaries - p. 154 146. Are Klinefelter boys hypogonadal? - p. 155 147. Endogenous Testosterone and Mortality in Men: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis - p. 156 148. The Relationships between Sex Hormones and Sexual Function in Middle-Aged and Older European Men - p. 157 149. High Serum Testosterone Is Associated With Reduced Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Elderly Men: The MrOS (Osteoporotic Fractures in Men) Study in Sweden - p. 158 150. Relation between Sex Hormone Concentrations, Peripheral Arterial Disease, and Change in Ankle-Brachial Index: Findings from the Framingham Heart Study - p. 159 151. Are Klinefelter boys hypogonadal? - p. 160 152. Reference Ranges for Testosterone in Men Generated Using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry in a Community-Based Sample of Healthy Nonobese Young Men in the Framingham Heart Study and Applied to Three Geographically Distinct Cohorts - p. 161 153. Shorter Androgen Receptor CAG Repeat Lengths Associated with Cryptorchidism Risk among Hispanic White Boys - p. 162 154. Higher Serum Free Testosterone Concentration in Older Women Is Associated with Greater Bone Mineral Density, Lean Body Mass, and Total Fat Mass: The Cardiovascular Health Study - p. 163 155. Effects of Risedronate and Low-Dose Transdermal Testosterone on Bone Mineral Density in Women with Anorexia Nervosa: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study - p. 164 156. Improvement of hyperandrogenism and hyperinsulinemia during pregnancy in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: possible effect in the ovarian follicular mass of their daughters - p. 165 157. Early Metformin Therapy (Age 8–12 Years) in Girls with Precocious Pubarche to Reduce Hirsutism, Androgen Excess, and Oligomenorrhea in Adolescence - p. 166 158. Effects of Simvastatin and Metformin on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome after Six Months of Treatment - p. 167 159. Long-Term Mortality after Recombinant Growth Hormone Treatment for Isolated Growth Hormone Deficiency or Childhood Short Stature: Preliminary Report of the French SAGhE Study - p. 168 160. Health-related quality of life of young adults with Turner syndrome following a long-term randomized controlled trial of recombinant human growth hormone - p. 169 161. Effect of oxandrolone and timing of pubertal induction on final height in Turner's syndrome: randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial - p. 170 162. Presentation of Primary Adrenal Insufficiency in Childhood - p. 171 163. The natural history of the normal/mild elevated TSH serum levels in children and adolescents with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and isolated hyperthyrotropinaemia: a 3-year follow-up - p. 172 164. Natural History of Idiopathic Diabetes Insipidus - p. 173 165. Thyroid function in the nutritionally obese child and adolescent - p. 174 166. Plasma Phthalate Levels in Pubertal Gynecomastia - p. 175 167. Obstetric Outcomes in Women with Turner Karyotype - p. 176 168. Sensitivity of Fine-Needle Biopsy in Detecting Pediatric Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma - p. 177 169. Antenatal Thyroid Screening and Childhood Cognitive Function - p. 178