Offering expert, comprehensive guidance on the basic science, diagnosis, and treatment of acute musculoskeletal injuries and post-traumatic reconstructive problems, Skeletal Trauma, 6th Edition, brings you fully up to date with current approaches in this challenging specialty. This revised edition is designed to meet the needs of orthopaedic surgeons, residents, fellows, and traumatologists, as well as emergency physicians who treat patients with musculoskeletal trauma. International thought leaders incorporate the latest peer-reviewed literature, technological advances, and practical advice with the goal of optimizing patient outcomes for the full range of traumatic musculoskeletal injuries.
1. Introduction - p. 1 2. 1 The History of Trauma Care - p. 2 3. 2 Global Burden of Musculoskeletal Injuries - p. 25 4. 3 The Challenges of Orthopaedic Trauma Care in the Developing World - p. 33 5. 4 Vascularity and Stability - p. 69 6. 5 Biology and Enhancement of Skeletal Repair - p. 79 7. Introduction - p. 79 8. Biology of Graft Substitutes - p. 79 9. Autogenous Iliac Crest Bone Graft - p. 85 10. Osteoconductive Graft Substitutes - p. 87 11. Demineralized Bone Matrix - p. 96 12. Patient-Derived Cellular Therapies - p. 100 13. Inductive Substrates (Bone Morphogenetic Proteins) - p. 112 14. Conclusion - p. 119 15. References - p. 120 16. 6 Biomechanics of Fractures - p. 129 17. 7 Closed Fracture Management - p. 160 18. 8 Principles and Complications of External Skeletal Fixation - p. 207 19. 9 Principles of Internal Fixation - p. 256 20. Introduction - p. 256 21. Plan of Attack and How to Use This Chapter - p. 256 22. Fracture Pattern - p. 257 23. Soft Tissue Pattern - p. 260 24. Area Involved - p. 265 25. Desired Stability - p. 267 26. Approach - p. 280 27. Reduction: Direct Versus Indirect - p. 285 28. Fixation - p. 293 29. Steps of Intramedullary Rodding - p. 321 30. Construct Stability - p. 326 31. Construct Failure - p. 331 32. Preoperative Planning - p. 334 33. Summary - p. 336 34. References - p. 336 35. 10 Evaluation and Treatment of the Multi-Injured Trauma Patient - p. 339 36. 11 Initial Evaluation of the Spine in Trauma Patients - p. 356 37. 12 Damage Control Orthopaedic Surgery: A Strategy for the Orthopaedic Care of the Critically Injured Patient - p. 373 38. 13 Disaster Management - p. 394 39. 14 The Management of Acute and Perioperative Pain Associated With Trauma and Surgery - p. 417 40. Introduction - p. 417 41. Physiology of Pain - p. 419 42. Assessment of Acute Pain - p. 423 43. Treatment of Acute Pain - p. 425 44. Controversial Issues in Acute Pain Medicine - p. 446 45. Some Practical Considerations for Collaboration Between Orthopaedic Surgeons and Acute and Chronic Pain Specialists - p. 450 46. Conclusion - p. 451 47. Acknowledgments - p. 451 48. References - p. 451 49. 15 Chronic Pain Management - p. 458 50. 16 Evaluation and Treatment of Vascular Injuries - p. 474 51. 17 Compartment Syndromes - p. 499 52. 18 Open Fractures - p. 530 53. 19 Soft Tissue Reconstruction - p. 561 54. 20 Gunshot Wounds and Blast Injuries - p. 585 55. 21 Pathologic Fractures - p. 613 56. 22 Osteoporotic Fragility Fractures - p. 647 57. 23 Surgical Site Infection Prevention - p. 660 58. 24 Diagnosis and Treatment of Complications - p. 676 59. 25 Understanding and Treating Chronic Osteomyelitis - p. 707 60. 26 Nonunions - p. 743 61. Introduction - p. 743 62. Definitions - p. 743 63. Fracture Repair - p. 743 64. Etiology of Nonunions - p. 744 65. Evaluation of Nonunions - p. 747 66. Treatment - p. 762 67. Summary - p. 826 68. Acknowledgments - p. 826 69. References - p. 827 70. 27 Motorized Intramedullary Lengthening Nail for Limb Reconstruction - p. 835 71. 28 Psychological, Social, and Functional Manifestations of Orthopaedic Trauma and Traumatic Brain Injury* - p. 853 72. Section Two Spine - p. 873 73. Introduction - p. 875 74. 29 Pathophysiology and Early Management of Spinal Cord Injury - p. 876 75. 30 Craniocervical Injuries - p. 886 76. 31 Craniocervical Injuries - p. 916 77. 32 Subaxial Cervical Spine Trauma - p. 948 78. 33 Thoracolumbar Trauma - p. 988 79. Classification - p. 988 80. Treatment of Burst Fractures - p. 995 81. Flexion-Distraction and Fracture-Dislocation Injuries - p. 1009 82. Low-Lumbar Fractures - p. 1021 83. New Concepts in Management of Thoracolumbar Fractures - p. 1043 84. References - p. 1060 85. 34 Fractures in the Ankylosed Spine - p. 1065 86. 35 Osteoporotic Spinal Fractures - p. 1073 87. 36 Avoiding Complications in Spine Trauma Patients - p. 1086 88. 37 Principles of Orthotic Management - p. 1098 89. Section Three Pelvis - p. 1105 90. Introduction - p. 1107 91. 38 Pelvic Ring Injuries - p. 1108 92. Introduction - p. 1108 93. Anatomy - p. 1108 94. Pelvic Stability and Biomechanics - p. 1113 95. Trauma Mechanism and Pathomechanics of Pelvic Injuries - p. 1115 96. Radiologic Diagnostics in Pelvic Injuries - p. 1117 97. Classification of Pelvic Injuries - p. 1121 98. Acute Management - p. 1135 99. Emergency Management - p. 1138 100. Definitive Management - p. 1149 101. Conservative Treatment of Pelvic Ring Fractures - p. 1179 102. Postoperative Treatment - p. 1180 103. Complications - p. 1182 104. Genitourinary Injuries - p. 1184 105. Open Pelvic Fractures - p. 1185 106. Outcome - p. 1187 107. References - p. 1188 108. 39 Surgical Treatment of Acetabular Fractures - p. 1196 109. Epidemiology - p. 1196 110. Osteology - p. 1196 111. Radiology - p. 1198 112. Classification - p. 1202 113. Decision Making - p. 1216 114. Operative Timing - p. 1221 115. Initial Management - p. 1222 116. Surgical Exposures - p. 1223 117. Manipulative Reduction and Percutaneous Fixation - p. 1231 118. Exposure, Reduction, and Fixation by Fracture Pattern - p. 1231 119. Aftercare - p. 1247 120. Complications - p. 1250 121. Summary - p. 1254.e1 122. References - p. 1254.e1 123. Volume 2 - p. 1260 124. Section Four Upper Extremity - p. 1260 125. Introduction - p. 1261 126. 40 Fractures and Dislocations of the Hand - p. 1262 127. The Thumb Ray - p. 1262 128. Intraarticular Carpometacarpal Fractures of the Thumb Metacarpal - p. 1262 129. Extraarticular Fractures of the Thumb Metacarpal - p. 1267 130. Ligamentous Injuries - p. 1267 131. Metacarpal Fractures (Excluding the Thumb) - p. 1276 132. Metacarpophalangeal Joint Ligamentous Injuries - p. 1293 133. Phalangeal Fractures and Interphalangeal Joint Injuries - p. 1294 134. References - p. 1312 135. 41 Fractures and Dislocations of the Carpus - p. 1318 136. Fractures of the Scaphoid - p. 1318 137. Other Carpal Fractures - p. 1335 138. Dislocation of the Carpus - p. 1343 139. References - p. 1365 140. 42 Fractures of the Distal Radius - p. 1373 141. 43 Diaphyseal Fractures of the Forearm - p. 1429 142. 44 Trauma to the Adult Elbow - p. 1470 143. 45 Fractures of the Distal Humerus - p. 1488 144. 46 Fractures of the Humeral Shaft - p. 1518 145. 47 Proximal Humeral Fractures and Glenohumeral Dislocations - p. 1535 146. Essential Principles for Treatment of Proximal Humeral Fractures and Glenohumeral Dislocations - p. 1535 147. Proximal Humeral Fractures and Fracture-Dislocations - p. 1550 148. Glenohumeral Dislocations - p. 1581 149. Treatment of Fracture Sequelae of the Proximal Humerus - p. 1610 150. References - p. 1625 151. 48 Fractures and Dislocations of the Clavicle - p. 1640 152. 49 Scapula Fractures - p. 1665 153. 50 Chest Wall Trauma - p. 1696 154. 51 Replantation - p. 1721 155. Section Five Lower Extremity - p. 1726 156. Introduction - p. 1727 157. 52 Hip Dislocations - p. 1728 158. 53 Medical Management of the Patient With Hip Fracture - p. 1763 159. 54 Intracapsular Hip Fractures - p. 1779 160. Femoral Head Fractures - p. 1779 161. Femoral Neck Fractures - p. 1797 162. References - p. 1855 163. 55 Intertrochanteric Hip Fractures - p. 1868 164. 56 Posttraumatic Reconstruction of the Hip Joint - p. 1910 165. 57 Subtrochanteric Fractures of the Femur - p. 1925 166. 58 Femoral Shaft Fractures - p. 1990 167. Introduction - p. 1990 168. Epidemiology - p. 1990 169. Anatomic Considerations - p. 1991 170. Pathophysiology: Polytrauma Considerations - p. 1995 171. Patient Assessment and Initial Management - p. 1997 172. Fracture Classification - p. 1998 173. Principles of Management of Diaphyseal Femoral Fractures - p. 2002 174. Special Situations - p. 2025 175. Bone Loss and Nonunion in Femoral Fractures - p. 2033 176. Hardware Failure - p. 2039 177. Summary - p. 2039 178. References - p. 2039 179. 59 Fractures of the Distal Femur - p. 2045 180. Pathology - p. 2045 181. Diagnosis - p. 2049 182. Treatment - p. 2053 183. Complications - p. 2115 184. References - p. 2127 185. 60 Patella Fractures and Extensor Mechanism Injuries - p. 2130 186. 61 Dislocations and Soft Tissue Injuries of the Knee - p. 2146 187. 62 Tibial Plateau Fractures - p. 2181 188. Introduction - p. 2181 189. Biomechanics and Mechanism of Injury - p. 2181 190. Evaluation and Examination - p. 2183 191. Fracture Management - p. 2204 192. Complications - p. 2263 193. Outcomes - p. 2265 194. Conclusion - p. 2270 195. References - p. 2271 196. 63 Malunions and Nonunions About the Knee - p. 2277 197. 64 Tibial Shaft Fractures - p. 2300 198. Introduction - p. 2300 199. Relevant Surgical Anatomy - p. 2300 200. Mechanism of Injury and Biomechanics - p. 2307 201. Diagnosis - p. 2307 202. Management - p. 2311 203. Complications - p. 2350 204. Outcomes of Tibia Shaft Fractures - p. 2362 205. Cost-Effectiveness - p. 2369 206. Acknowledgment - p. 2369 207. References - p. 2369 208. 65 Fractures of the Tibial Pilon - p. 2379 209. Mechanism of Injury - p. 2379 210. Classification - p. 2380 211. Radiographic Evaluation - p. 2382 212. Initial Treatment - p. 2384 213. Plate Fixation - p. 2410 214. External Fixation - p. 2416 215. Tensioned-Wire Technique - p. 2422 216. Wound Closure - p. 2424 217. Open Fractures - p. 2425 218. Flap Coverage - p. 2427 219. Postoperative Care - p. 2427 220. Obesity and Diabetes - p. 2428 221. Nonreconstructible Pilon Fractures - p. 2429 222. Complications - p. 2430 223. Clinical Outcomes - p. 2438 224. Prognosis - p. 2439 225. Summary - p. 2441 226. References - p. 2441 227. 66 Malleolar Fractures and Soft Tissue Injuries of the Ankle - p. 2446 228. 67 Foot Injuries - p. 2497 229. General Principles of Care - p. 2497 230. Evaluation and Initial Management - p. 2498 231. Fractures of the Talus - p. 2498 232. Tarsal Dislocations - p. 2522 233. Calcaneal Fractures - p. 2529 234. Navicular Fractures - p. 2564 235. Tarsometatarsal (Lisfranc) Injuries - p. 2571 236. Cuboid Fractures - p. 2585 237. Cuneiform Fractures - p. 2588 238. Metatarsal Fractures - p. 2588 239. Injury to the Metatarsophalangeal Joints - p. 2600 240. Injury to the Proximal Phalanx and Interphalangeal Joint of the Hallux - p. 2604 241. Injury to the Lesser Phalanges and Interphalangeal Joints - p. 2605 242. Distal Phalanx and Nail Bed Injuries - p. 2607 243. Sesamoid Fractures - p. 2607 244. Foot Compartment Syndrome - p. 2609 245. Mutilating Injuries: the Mangled Foot - p. 2612 246. Thermal Injury - p. 2615 247. Gunshot Wounds - p. 2615 248. Heel Pad Injury - p. 2617 249. Traumatic Tendon Injury - p. 2617 250. Puncture Wounds - p. 2619 251. Neuropathic Foot Fracture - p. 2620 252. Advanced Imaging Modalities for Foot Trauma - p. 2622 253. Acknowledgment - p. 2624 254. References - p. 2624 255. 68 Posttraumatic Reconstruction of the Foot and Ankle - p. 2641 256. 69 Periprosthetic Fractures of the Lower Extremity - p. 2691 257. 70 Principles of Deformity Correction - p. 2725 258. 71 Limb Salvage and Reconstruction - p. 2788 259. 72 Amputations in Trauma - p. 2805 260. 73 Articular Cartilage Reconstruction Using Osteochondral Allografts - p. 2839 261. Section Six Legacy Chapters - p. 2859 262. Introduction - p. 2861 263. 74 The History of Fracture Treatment - p. e1 264. 75 Occupational Hazards in the Treatment of Orthopaedic Trauma - p. e31 265. 76 Medical Management of the Orthopaedic Trauma Patient - p. e49 266. Acute Pain Management, Regional Anesthesia Techniques, and Management of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome - p. e49 267. Treatment Options - p. e52 268. Assessment - p. e53 269. Pharmacotherapy - p. e54 270. Diagnosis and Differential - p. e59 271. Initiation and Assessment of Therapy - p. e60 272. Complex Regional Pain Syndrome - p. e74 273. Perioperative Assessment - p. e76 274. Pulmonary Risk Assessment - p. e77 275. Medications - p. e78 276. Ordering Tests - p. e81 277. Diabetes Mellitus - p. e81 278. Obstructive Sleep Apnea - p. e82 279. Liver Disease - p. e82 280. Preventing Complications - p. e83 281. Management of the Pregnant Woman - p. e85 282. Substance Abuse Syndromes: Recognition, Prevention, and Treatment - p. e90 283. References - p. e100 284. 77 Surgical Site Infection Prevention - p. e107 285. 78 Physical Impairment Ratings for Fractures - p. e120 286. 79 Outcome Assessment in Orthopaedic Traumatology - p. e128 287. 80 Professionalism and the Economics of Orthopaedic Trauma Care - p. e138 288. Index - p. I-1
No hay muestra disponible
No hay ficha técnica disponible
Offering expert, comprehensive guidance on the basic science, diagnosis, and treatment of acute musculoskeletal injuries and post-traumatic reconstructive problems, Skeletal Trauma, 6th Edition, brings you fully up to date with current approaches in this challenging specialty. This revised edition is designed to meet the needs of orthopaedic surgeons, residents, fellows, and traumatologists, as well as emergency physicians who treat patients with musculoskeletal trauma. International thought leaders incorporate the latest peer-reviewed literature, technological advances, and practical advice with the goal of optimizing patient outcomes for the full range of traumatic musculoskeletal injuries.
1. Introduction - p. 1 2. 1 The History of Trauma Care - p. 2 3. 2 Global Burden of Musculoskeletal Injuries - p. 25 4. 3 The Challenges of Orthopaedic Trauma Care in the Developing World - p. 33 5. 4 Vascularity and Stability - p. 69 6. 5 Biology and Enhancement of Skeletal Repair - p. 79 7. Introduction - p. 79 8. Biology of Graft Substitutes - p. 79 9. Autogenous Iliac Crest Bone Graft - p. 85 10. Osteoconductive Graft Substitutes - p. 87 11. Demineralized Bone Matrix - p. 96 12. Patient-Derived Cellular Therapies - p. 100 13. Inductive Substrates (Bone Morphogenetic Proteins) - p. 112 14. Conclusion - p. 119 15. References - p. 120 16. 6 Biomechanics of Fractures - p. 129 17. 7 Closed Fracture Management - p. 160 18. 8 Principles and Complications of External Skeletal Fixation - p. 207 19. 9 Principles of Internal Fixation - p. 256 20. Introduction - p. 256 21. Plan of Attack and How to Use This Chapter - p. 256 22. Fracture Pattern - p. 257 23. Soft Tissue Pattern - p. 260 24. Area Involved - p. 265 25. Desired Stability - p. 267 26. Approach - p. 280 27. Reduction: Direct Versus Indirect - p. 285 28. Fixation - p. 293 29. Steps of Intramedullary Rodding - p. 321 30. Construct Stability - p. 326 31. Construct Failure - p. 331 32. Preoperative Planning - p. 334 33. Summary - p. 336 34. References - p. 336 35. 10 Evaluation and Treatment of the Multi-Injured Trauma Patient - p. 339 36. 11 Initial Evaluation of the Spine in Trauma Patients - p. 356 37. 12 Damage Control Orthopaedic Surgery: A Strategy for the Orthopaedic Care of the Critically Injured Patient - p. 373 38. 13 Disaster Management - p. 394 39. 14 The Management of Acute and Perioperative Pain Associated With Trauma and Surgery - p. 417 40. Introduction - p. 417 41. Physiology of Pain - p. 419 42. Assessment of Acute Pain - p. 423 43. Treatment of Acute Pain - p. 425 44. Controversial Issues in Acute Pain Medicine - p. 446 45. Some Practical Considerations for Collaboration Between Orthopaedic Surgeons and Acute and Chronic Pain Specialists - p. 450 46. Conclusion - p. 451 47. Acknowledgments - p. 451 48. References - p. 451 49. 15 Chronic Pain Management - p. 458 50. 16 Evaluation and Treatment of Vascular Injuries - p. 474 51. 17 Compartment Syndromes - p. 499 52. 18 Open Fractures - p. 530 53. 19 Soft Tissue Reconstruction - p. 561 54. 20 Gunshot Wounds and Blast Injuries - p. 585 55. 21 Pathologic Fractures - p. 613 56. 22 Osteoporotic Fragility Fractures - p. 647 57. 23 Surgical Site Infection Prevention - p. 660 58. 24 Diagnosis and Treatment of Complications - p. 676 59. 25 Understanding and Treating Chronic Osteomyelitis - p. 707 60. 26 Nonunions - p. 743 61. Introduction - p. 743 62. Definitions - p. 743 63. Fracture Repair - p. 743 64. Etiology of Nonunions - p. 744 65. Evaluation of Nonunions - p. 747 66. Treatment - p. 762 67. Summary - p. 826 68. Acknowledgments - p. 826 69. References - p. 827 70. 27 Motorized Intramedullary Lengthening Nail for Limb Reconstruction - p. 835 71. 28 Psychological, Social, and Functional Manifestations of Orthopaedic Trauma and Traumatic Brain Injury* - p. 853 72. Section Two Spine - p. 873 73. Introduction - p. 875 74. 29 Pathophysiology and Early Management of Spinal Cord Injury - p. 876 75. 30 Craniocervical Injuries - p. 886 76. 31 Craniocervical Injuries - p. 916 77. 32 Subaxial Cervical Spine Trauma - p. 948 78. 33 Thoracolumbar Trauma - p. 988 79. Classification - p. 988 80. Treatment of Burst Fractures - p. 995 81. Flexion-Distraction and Fracture-Dislocation Injuries - p. 1009 82. Low-Lumbar Fractures - p. 1021 83. New Concepts in Management of Thoracolumbar Fractures - p. 1043 84. References - p. 1060 85. 34 Fractures in the Ankylosed Spine - p. 1065 86. 35 Osteoporotic Spinal Fractures - p. 1073 87. 36 Avoiding Complications in Spine Trauma Patients - p. 1086 88. 37 Principles of Orthotic Management - p. 1098 89. Section Three Pelvis - p. 1105 90. Introduction - p. 1107 91. 38 Pelvic Ring Injuries - p. 1108 92. Introduction - p. 1108 93. Anatomy - p. 1108 94. Pelvic Stability and Biomechanics - p. 1113 95. Trauma Mechanism and Pathomechanics of Pelvic Injuries - p. 1115 96. Radiologic Diagnostics in Pelvic Injuries - p. 1117 97. Classification of Pelvic Injuries - p. 1121 98. Acute Management - p. 1135 99. Emergency Management - p. 1138 100. Definitive Management - p. 1149 101. Conservative Treatment of Pelvic Ring Fractures - p. 1179 102. Postoperative Treatment - p. 1180 103. Complications - p. 1182 104. Genitourinary Injuries - p. 1184 105. Open Pelvic Fractures - p. 1185 106. Outcome - p. 1187 107. References - p. 1188 108. 39 Surgical Treatment of Acetabular Fractures - p. 1196 109. Epidemiology - p. 1196 110. Osteology - p. 1196 111. Radiology - p. 1198 112. Classification - p. 1202 113. Decision Making - p. 1216 114. Operative Timing - p. 1221 115. Initial Management - p. 1222 116. Surgical Exposures - p. 1223 117. Manipulative Reduction and Percutaneous Fixation - p. 1231 118. Exposure, Reduction, and Fixation by Fracture Pattern - p. 1231 119. Aftercare - p. 1247 120. Complications - p. 1250 121. Summary - p. 1254.e1 122. References - p. 1254.e1 123. Volume 2 - p. 1260 124. Section Four Upper Extremity - p. 1260 125. Introduction - p. 1261 126. 40 Fractures and Dislocations of the Hand - p. 1262 127. The Thumb Ray - p. 1262 128. Intraarticular Carpometacarpal Fractures of the Thumb Metacarpal - p. 1262 129. Extraarticular Fractures of the Thumb Metacarpal - p. 1267 130. Ligamentous Injuries - p. 1267 131. Metacarpal Fractures (Excluding the Thumb) - p. 1276 132. Metacarpophalangeal Joint Ligamentous Injuries - p. 1293 133. Phalangeal Fractures and Interphalangeal Joint Injuries - p. 1294 134. References - p. 1312 135. 41 Fractures and Dislocations of the Carpus - p. 1318 136. Fractures of the Scaphoid - p. 1318 137. Other Carpal Fractures - p. 1335 138. Dislocation of the Carpus - p. 1343 139. References - p. 1365 140. 42 Fractures of the Distal Radius - p. 1373 141. 43 Diaphyseal Fractures of the Forearm - p. 1429 142. 44 Trauma to the Adult Elbow - p. 1470 143. 45 Fractures of the Distal Humerus - p. 1488 144. 46 Fractures of the Humeral Shaft - p. 1518 145. 47 Proximal Humeral Fractures and Glenohumeral Dislocations - p. 1535 146. Essential Principles for Treatment of Proximal Humeral Fractures and Glenohumeral Dislocations - p. 1535 147. Proximal Humeral Fractures and Fracture-Dislocations - p. 1550 148. Glenohumeral Dislocations - p. 1581 149. Treatment of Fracture Sequelae of the Proximal Humerus - p. 1610 150. References - p. 1625 151. 48 Fractures and Dislocations of the Clavicle - p. 1640 152. 49 Scapula Fractures - p. 1665 153. 50 Chest Wall Trauma - p. 1696 154. 51 Replantation - p. 1721 155. Section Five Lower Extremity - p. 1726 156. Introduction - p. 1727 157. 52 Hip Dislocations - p. 1728 158. 53 Medical Management of the Patient With Hip Fracture - p. 1763 159. 54 Intracapsular Hip Fractures - p. 1779 160. Femoral Head Fractures - p. 1779 161. Femoral Neck Fractures - p. 1797 162. References - p. 1855 163. 55 Intertrochanteric Hip Fractures - p. 1868 164. 56 Posttraumatic Reconstruction of the Hip Joint - p. 1910 165. 57 Subtrochanteric Fractures of the Femur - p. 1925 166. 58 Femoral Shaft Fractures - p. 1990 167. Introduction - p. 1990 168. Epidemiology - p. 1990 169. Anatomic Considerations - p. 1991 170. Pathophysiology: Polytrauma Considerations - p. 1995 171. Patient Assessment and Initial Management - p. 1997 172. Fracture Classification - p. 1998 173. Principles of Management of Diaphyseal Femoral Fractures - p. 2002 174. Special Situations - p. 2025 175. Bone Loss and Nonunion in Femoral Fractures - p. 2033 176. Hardware Failure - p. 2039 177. Summary - p. 2039 178. References - p. 2039 179. 59 Fractures of the Distal Femur - p. 2045 180. Pathology - p. 2045 181. Diagnosis - p. 2049 182. Treatment - p. 2053 183. Complications - p. 2115 184. References - p. 2127 185. 60 Patella Fractures and Extensor Mechanism Injuries - p. 2130 186. 61 Dislocations and Soft Tissue Injuries of the Knee - p. 2146 187. 62 Tibial Plateau Fractures - p. 2181 188. Introduction - p. 2181 189. Biomechanics and Mechanism of Injury - p. 2181 190. Evaluation and Examination - p. 2183 191. Fracture Management - p. 2204 192. Complications - p. 2263 193. Outcomes - p. 2265 194. Conclusion - p. 2270 195. References - p. 2271 196. 63 Malunions and Nonunions About the Knee - p. 2277 197. 64 Tibial Shaft Fractures - p. 2300 198. Introduction - p. 2300 199. Relevant Surgical Anatomy - p. 2300 200. Mechanism of Injury and Biomechanics - p. 2307 201. Diagnosis - p. 2307 202. Management - p. 2311 203. Complications - p. 2350 204. Outcomes of Tibia Shaft Fractures - p. 2362 205. Cost-Effectiveness - p. 2369 206. Acknowledgment - p. 2369 207. References - p. 2369 208. 65 Fractures of the Tibial Pilon - p. 2379 209. Mechanism of Injury - p. 2379 210. Classification - p. 2380 211. Radiographic Evaluation - p. 2382 212. Initial Treatment - p. 2384 213. Plate Fixation - p. 2410 214. External Fixation - p. 2416 215. Tensioned-Wire Technique - p. 2422 216. Wound Closure - p. 2424 217. Open Fractures - p. 2425 218. Flap Coverage - p. 2427 219. Postoperative Care - p. 2427 220. Obesity and Diabetes - p. 2428 221. Nonreconstructible Pilon Fractures - p. 2429 222. Complications - p. 2430 223. Clinical Outcomes - p. 2438 224. Prognosis - p. 2439 225. Summary - p. 2441 226. References - p. 2441 227. 66 Malleolar Fractures and Soft Tissue Injuries of the Ankle - p. 2446 228. 67 Foot Injuries - p. 2497 229. General Principles of Care - p. 2497 230. Evaluation and Initial Management - p. 2498 231. Fractures of the Talus - p. 2498 232. Tarsal Dislocations - p. 2522 233. Calcaneal Fractures - p. 2529 234. Navicular Fractures - p. 2564 235. Tarsometatarsal (Lisfranc) Injuries - p. 2571 236. Cuboid Fractures - p. 2585 237. Cuneiform Fractures - p. 2588 238. Metatarsal Fractures - p. 2588 239. Injury to the Metatarsophalangeal Joints - p. 2600 240. Injury to the Proximal Phalanx and Interphalangeal Joint of the Hallux - p. 2604 241. Injury to the Lesser Phalanges and Interphalangeal Joints - p. 2605 242. Distal Phalanx and Nail Bed Injuries - p. 2607 243. Sesamoid Fractures - p. 2607 244. Foot Compartment Syndrome - p. 2609 245. Mutilating Injuries: the Mangled Foot - p. 2612 246. Thermal Injury - p. 2615 247. Gunshot Wounds - p. 2615 248. Heel Pad Injury - p. 2617 249. Traumatic Tendon Injury - p. 2617 250. Puncture Wounds - p. 2619 251. Neuropathic Foot Fracture - p. 2620 252. Advanced Imaging Modalities for Foot Trauma - p. 2622 253. Acknowledgment - p. 2624 254. References - p. 2624 255. 68 Posttraumatic Reconstruction of the Foot and Ankle - p. 2641 256. 69 Periprosthetic Fractures of the Lower Extremity - p. 2691 257. 70 Principles of Deformity Correction - p. 2725 258. 71 Limb Salvage and Reconstruction - p. 2788 259. 72 Amputations in Trauma - p. 2805 260. 73 Articular Cartilage Reconstruction Using Osteochondral Allografts - p. 2839 261. Section Six Legacy Chapters - p. 2859 262. Introduction - p. 2861 263. 74 The History of Fracture Treatment - p. e1 264. 75 Occupational Hazards in the Treatment of Orthopaedic Trauma - p. e31 265. 76 Medical Management of the Orthopaedic Trauma Patient - p. e49 266. Acute Pain Management, Regional Anesthesia Techniques, and Management of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome - p. e49 267. Treatment Options - p. e52 268. Assessment - p. e53 269. Pharmacotherapy - p. e54 270. Diagnosis and Differential - p. e59 271. Initiation and Assessment of Therapy - p. e60 272. Complex Regional Pain Syndrome - p. e74 273. Perioperative Assessment - p. e76 274. Pulmonary Risk Assessment - p. e77 275. Medications - p. e78 276. Ordering Tests - p. e81 277. Diabetes Mellitus - p. e81 278. Obstructive Sleep Apnea - p. e82 279. Liver Disease - p. e82 280. Preventing Complications - p. e83 281. Management of the Pregnant Woman - p. e85 282. Substance Abuse Syndromes: Recognition, Prevention, and Treatment - p. e90 283. References - p. e100 284. 77 Surgical Site Infection Prevention - p. e107 285. 78 Physical Impairment Ratings for Fractures - p. e120 286. 79 Outcome Assessment in Orthopaedic Traumatology - p. e128 287. 80 Professionalism and the Economics of Orthopaedic Trauma Care - p. e138 288. Index - p. I-1
No hay muestra disponible
No hay ficha técnica disponible
