"Sun Protection in Man" looks at the beneficial and harmful effects of solar radiation. The physiological consequences of sun exposure have been systematically studied starting at the end of the nineteenth century and we now have accumulated knowledge about how Caucasian and Asian skins reacts to solar radiation. The chemical effects of solar ultraviolet radiation have been analyzed with particular emphasis during the second half of the twentieth century. Research on micro-organisms has allowed us to understand the mechanisms of UV-induced mutagenesis and photosensitization. Studies with laboratory rodents have opened the path to the understanding of UV-induced immune-depression, carcinogenesis, photo-damage and photo-aging. The results of these studies have enabled other scientists to investigate the same phenomena in human organs such as the skin and the eye. UV radiation damages hair, as well. The present knowledge in these fields is summarized in some of the chapters of this monograph.
Mass phenomenon in Europe with the generalization of summer vacations which were a consequence of social reforms introducing the concept of "paid vacations". This created a need for protection and opened a market for sunscreens.
This monograph is concerned with sun protection as a whole and is not just "another book on sunscreens". Nonetheless, in these days of general concern, it is important to learn about the efficiency of sunscreens. Several authors discuss how to reduce the number of impinging photons and explain why sunscreens seem to offer less protection than expected. Guidelines are given on how to use sunscreens in everyday life, which are expressed rigorously though clearly, for access to the common reader.
Our knowledge on the relationship between sun and humans is at the early stages of development. Industrial and commercial activities are concerned by the development of this knowledge, and rules have been and will be promulgated to guarantee efficacy and safety of sun-products. It is hoped that this monograph will be of interest to the scholar, the layman and the legislator.
1. Cover image 2. Title page 3. Table of Contents 4. Comprehensive Series in Photosciences 5. Front Matter 6. Copyright page 7. Series Editors’ Preface 8. Volume Preface 9. The Editor 10. Contributors 11. Chapter 1: Women (and men) and the sun in the past 12. Chapter 2: A perspective on the beneficial effects of moderate exposure to sunlight: bone health, cancer prevention, mental health and well being 13. Chapter 3: The negative effects of solar radiation: a clinical overview 14. Chapter 4: The effects of sunlight on the skin of Asians 15. Chapter 5: Effects of solar radiation on the human immune system 16. Chapter 6: The negative effects of solar and artificial irradiation: photoaging of the skin, its clinical appearance and underlying mechanisms 17. Chapter 7: The epidemiology of solar radiation and skin cancer 18. Chapter 8: Hazards of sunlight exposure to the eye 19. Chapter 9: Photodegradation of human hair: a microscopy study 20. Chapter 10: UV damage to nucleic acid components 21. Chapter 11: Lipid photooxidative damage in biological membranes: reaction mechanisms, cytotoxic consequences, and defense strategies 22. Chapter 12: Photo-oxidation of proteins and its consequences 23. Chapter 13: Erythema, a link between UV-induced DNA damage, cell death and clinical effects? 24. Chapter 14: UV radiation, mutations and oncogenic pathways in skin cancer 25. Chapter 15: Modulation of gene expression by solar ultraviolet radiation 26. Chapter 16: Cytotoxicity and morphological endpoints of exposure to UV: cultured cells as a model system 27. Chapter 17: Drug-induced skin phototoxicity: lessons from the fluoroquinolones 28. Chapter 18: UV-induced pigmentation in human skin 29. Chapter 19: Nucleotide excision repair of UV-radiation induced photolesions in human cells 30. Chapter 20: Natural defence against ultraviolet radiation: the role of heat shock proteins 31. Chapter 21: p53 protein and the response of human skin to UV 32. Chapter 22: Effects of solar radiation on detoxification mechanisms in the skin 33. Chapter 23: Eye protection from sunlight damage 34. Chapter 24: Artificial protection against solar radiation — fabrics 35. Chapter 25: Self tanning 36. Chapter 26: Photochemical and photophysical properties of sunscreens 37. Chapter 27: Sunscreens: use and misuse 38. Chapter 28: Sunscreens: practical applications 39. Chapter 29: Protection against solar radiation — protective properties of antioxidants 40. Chapter 30: Systemic photoprotection Dietary intervention and therapy 41. Chapter 31: Enhancement of repair of UV damage in humans 42. Chapter 32: Boosting the immune system 43. Chapter 33: Skin pigmentation enhancers 44. Chapter 34: Metabolic effects of solar radiation and enhancers of energy metabolism 45. Chapter 35: Sunlamps and sunbeds: scientific and regulatory issues 46. Chapter 36: Solar radiation at the Earth’s surface 47. Index 48. A 49. B 50. C 51. D 52. E 53. F 54. G 55. H 56. I 57. J 58. K 59. L 60. M 61. N 62. O 63. P 64. Q 65. R 66. S 67. T 68. U 69. V 70. W 71. X 72. Y 73. Z
"Sun Protection in Man" looks at the beneficial and harmful effects of solar radiation. The physiological consequences of sun exposure have been systematically studied starting at the end of the nineteenth century and we now have accumulated knowledge about how Caucasian and Asian skins reacts to solar radiation. The chemical effects of solar ultraviolet radiation have been analyzed with particular emphasis during the second half of the twentieth century. Research on micro-organisms has allowed us to understand the mechanisms of UV-induced mutagenesis and photosensitization. Studies with laboratory rodents have opened the path to the understanding of UV-induced immune-depression, carcinogenesis, photo-damage and photo-aging. The results of these studies have enabled other scientists to investigate the same phenomena in human organs such as the skin and the eye. UV radiation damages hair, as well. The present knowledge in these fields is summarized in some of the chapters of this monograph.
Mass phenomenon in Europe with the generalization of summer vacations which were a consequence of social reforms introducing the concept of "paid vacations". This created a need for protection and opened a market for sunscreens.
This monograph is concerned with sun protection as a whole and is not just "another book on sunscreens". Nonetheless, in these days of general concern, it is important to learn about the efficiency of sunscreens. Several authors discuss how to reduce the number of impinging photons and explain why sunscreens seem to offer less protection than expected. Guidelines are given on how to use sunscreens in everyday life, which are expressed rigorously though clearly, for access to the common reader.
Our knowledge on the relationship between sun and humans is at the early stages of development. Industrial and commercial activities are concerned by the development of this knowledge, and rules have been and will be promulgated to guarantee efficacy and safety of sun-products. It is hoped that this monograph will be of interest to the scholar, the layman and the legislator.
1. Cover image 2. Title page 3. Table of Contents 4. Comprehensive Series in Photosciences 5. Front Matter 6. Copyright page 7. Series Editors’ Preface 8. Volume Preface 9. The Editor 10. Contributors 11. Chapter 1: Women (and men) and the sun in the past 12. Chapter 2: A perspective on the beneficial effects of moderate exposure to sunlight: bone health, cancer prevention, mental health and well being 13. Chapter 3: The negative effects of solar radiation: a clinical overview 14. Chapter 4: The effects of sunlight on the skin of Asians 15. Chapter 5: Effects of solar radiation on the human immune system 16. Chapter 6: The negative effects of solar and artificial irradiation: photoaging of the skin, its clinical appearance and underlying mechanisms 17. Chapter 7: The epidemiology of solar radiation and skin cancer 18. Chapter 8: Hazards of sunlight exposure to the eye 19. Chapter 9: Photodegradation of human hair: a microscopy study 20. Chapter 10: UV damage to nucleic acid components 21. Chapter 11: Lipid photooxidative damage in biological membranes: reaction mechanisms, cytotoxic consequences, and defense strategies 22. Chapter 12: Photo-oxidation of proteins and its consequences 23. Chapter 13: Erythema, a link between UV-induced DNA damage, cell death and clinical effects? 24. Chapter 14: UV radiation, mutations and oncogenic pathways in skin cancer 25. Chapter 15: Modulation of gene expression by solar ultraviolet radiation 26. Chapter 16: Cytotoxicity and morphological endpoints of exposure to UV: cultured cells as a model system 27. Chapter 17: Drug-induced skin phototoxicity: lessons from the fluoroquinolones 28. Chapter 18: UV-induced pigmentation in human skin 29. Chapter 19: Nucleotide excision repair of UV-radiation induced photolesions in human cells 30. Chapter 20: Natural defence against ultraviolet radiation: the role of heat shock proteins 31. Chapter 21: p53 protein and the response of human skin to UV 32. Chapter 22: Effects of solar radiation on detoxification mechanisms in the skin 33. Chapter 23: Eye protection from sunlight damage 34. Chapter 24: Artificial protection against solar radiation — fabrics 35. Chapter 25: Self tanning 36. Chapter 26: Photochemical and photophysical properties of sunscreens 37. Chapter 27: Sunscreens: use and misuse 38. Chapter 28: Sunscreens: practical applications 39. Chapter 29: Protection against solar radiation — protective properties of antioxidants 40. Chapter 30: Systemic photoprotection Dietary intervention and therapy 41. Chapter 31: Enhancement of repair of UV damage in humans 42. Chapter 32: Boosting the immune system 43. Chapter 33: Skin pigmentation enhancers 44. Chapter 34: Metabolic effects of solar radiation and enhancers of energy metabolism 45. Chapter 35: Sunlamps and sunbeds: scientific and regulatory issues 46. Chapter 36: Solar radiation at the Earth’s surface 47. Index 48. A 49. B 50. C 51. D 52. E 53. F 54. G 55. H 56. I 57. J 58. K 59. L 60. M 61. N 62. O 63. P 64. Q 65. R 66. S 67. T 68. U 69. V 70. W 71. X 72. Y 73. Z
