The Science and Technology of Flexible Packaging: Multilayer Films from Resin and Process to End Use provides a comprehensive guide to the use of plastic films in flexible packaging, covering scientific principles, properties, processes, and end use considerations. The book brings the science of multilayer films to the practitioner in a concise and impactful way, presenting the fundamental understanding required to improve product design, material selection, and processes, and includes information on why one material is favored over another for a particular application, or how the film or coating affects material properties.
Detailed descriptions and analysis of the key properties of packaging films are provided from both an engineering and scientific perspective. End-use effects are also covered in detail, providing key insights into the way the products being packaged influence film properties and design.
The book bridges the gap between key scientific literature and the practical challenges faced by the flexible packaging industry, providing essential scientific insights, best practice techniques, environmental sustainability information, and key principles of structure design to enable engineers and scientists to deliver superior products with reduced development time and cost.
1. 1. Introduction - p. 3 2. Part II. Basic Processes - p. 21 3. 2. Converting Processes - p. 25 4. 3. Packaging Equipment - p. 51 5. Part III. Material Basics - p. 66 6. 4. Commonly Used Resins and Substrates in Flexible Packaging - p. 69 7. 4.1. Resin and Substrate Function - p. 69 8. 4.2. Commonly Used Resins in Flexible Packaging - p. 72 9. 4.3. Commonly Used Substrates in Flexible Packaging - p. 104 10. 4.4. Material Specifications - p. 108 11. 4.5. Regulatory Considerations - p. 110 12. 5. Rheology of Polymer Melts - p. 121 13. 6. Polymer Blending for Packaging Applications - p. 149 14. Part IV. Film Properties - p. 177 15. Introduction - p. 179 16. 7. Heat Seal - p. 181 17. 7.1. Why It Is Important - p. 181 18. 7.2. How to Measure - p. 182 19. 7.3. Typical Values - p. 188 20. 7.4. Factors That Influence Heat Seal Performance - p. 191 21. 7.5. Science of Heat Sealing - p. 198 22. 7.6. Modeling Heat Seal and Hot Tack - p. 212 23. 7.7. Easy-Open Seal Technology - p. 230 24. 7.8. Reclosable Seal Technologies - p. 238 25. 7.9. Ultrasonic Sealing - p. 239 26. 7.10. Failure Analysis and Troubleshooting - p. 242 27. 7.11. Selecting Sealant Resins - p. 248 28. 8. Barrier - p. 259 29. 8.1. Why It Is Important - p. 259 30. 8.2. How to Measure - p. 261 31. 8.3. Typical Permeation Values - p. 269 32. 8.4. Science of Permeation - p. 278 33. 8.5. Emerging Technologies - p. 293 34. 9. Strength, Stiffness, and Abuse Resistance - p. 309 35. 10. Adhesion - p. 351 36. 10.1. Why Adhesion is Important - p. 351 37. 10.2. How to Measure Adhesion - p. 352 38. 10.3. Fundamentals - p. 360 39. 10.4. Tie Resin Technology - p. 371 40. 11. Thermoforming, Orientation, and Shrink - p. 401 41. 12. Frictional and Optical Properties - p. 435 42. Part V. Effect of the Converting Process on Properties - p. 462 43. Introduction - p. 463 44. 13. Effect of Processing on Quality - p. 465 45. 13.1. Thermal Stability - p. 465 46. 13.2. Die Drool - p. 467 47. 13.3. Moisture-Related Issues - p. 470 48. 13.4. Flow Maldistribution and Instability Issues - p. 470 49. 13.5. Curl - p. 494 50. 14. Effect of Process on Properties - p. 515 51. 15. Effect of Processing on Interlayer Adhesion - p. 539 52. 15.1. Adhesion to Substrates in Extrusion Coating - p. 539 53. 15.2. Interlayer Adhesion in Coextrusion - p. 594 54. Part VI. End Use Considerations - p. 613 55. 16. End-Use Factors Influencing the Design of Flexible Packaging - p. 617 56. Part VII. Structure Design and Modeling - p. 654 57. 17. Analytical and Modeling Tools for Structure Design and Process Optimization - p. 657 58. Appendix A. Writing Guide for Packaging Films and Other Multilayer Structures - p. 685 59. Appendix B. Examples of Flexible Packaging Film Structures - p. 697 60. Index - p. 711
The Science and Technology of Flexible Packaging: Multilayer Films from Resin and Process to End Use provides a comprehensive guide to the use of plastic films in flexible packaging, covering scientific principles, properties, processes, and end use considerations. The book brings the science of multilayer films to the practitioner in a concise and impactful way, presenting the fundamental understanding required to improve product design, material selection, and processes, and includes information on why one material is favored over another for a particular application, or how the film or coating affects material properties.
Detailed descriptions and analysis of the key properties of packaging films are provided from both an engineering and scientific perspective. End-use effects are also covered in detail, providing key insights into the way the products being packaged influence film properties and design.
The book bridges the gap between key scientific literature and the practical challenges faced by the flexible packaging industry, providing essential scientific insights, best practice techniques, environmental sustainability information, and key principles of structure design to enable engineers and scientists to deliver superior products with reduced development time and cost.
1. 1. Introduction - p. 3 2. Part II. Basic Processes - p. 21 3. 2. Converting Processes - p. 25 4. 3. Packaging Equipment - p. 51 5. Part III. Material Basics - p. 66 6. 4. Commonly Used Resins and Substrates in Flexible Packaging - p. 69 7. 4.1. Resin and Substrate Function - p. 69 8. 4.2. Commonly Used Resins in Flexible Packaging - p. 72 9. 4.3. Commonly Used Substrates in Flexible Packaging - p. 104 10. 4.4. Material Specifications - p. 108 11. 4.5. Regulatory Considerations - p. 110 12. 5. Rheology of Polymer Melts - p. 121 13. 6. Polymer Blending for Packaging Applications - p. 149 14. Part IV. Film Properties - p. 177 15. Introduction - p. 179 16. 7. Heat Seal - p. 181 17. 7.1. Why It Is Important - p. 181 18. 7.2. How to Measure - p. 182 19. 7.3. Typical Values - p. 188 20. 7.4. Factors That Influence Heat Seal Performance - p. 191 21. 7.5. Science of Heat Sealing - p. 198 22. 7.6. Modeling Heat Seal and Hot Tack - p. 212 23. 7.7. Easy-Open Seal Technology - p. 230 24. 7.8. Reclosable Seal Technologies - p. 238 25. 7.9. Ultrasonic Sealing - p. 239 26. 7.10. Failure Analysis and Troubleshooting - p. 242 27. 7.11. Selecting Sealant Resins - p. 248 28. 8. Barrier - p. 259 29. 8.1. Why It Is Important - p. 259 30. 8.2. How to Measure - p. 261 31. 8.3. Typical Permeation Values - p. 269 32. 8.4. Science of Permeation - p. 278 33. 8.5. Emerging Technologies - p. 293 34. 9. Strength, Stiffness, and Abuse Resistance - p. 309 35. 10. Adhesion - p. 351 36. 10.1. Why Adhesion is Important - p. 351 37. 10.2. How to Measure Adhesion - p. 352 38. 10.3. Fundamentals - p. 360 39. 10.4. Tie Resin Technology - p. 371 40. 11. Thermoforming, Orientation, and Shrink - p. 401 41. 12. Frictional and Optical Properties - p. 435 42. Part V. Effect of the Converting Process on Properties - p. 462 43. Introduction - p. 463 44. 13. Effect of Processing on Quality - p. 465 45. 13.1. Thermal Stability - p. 465 46. 13.2. Die Drool - p. 467 47. 13.3. Moisture-Related Issues - p. 470 48. 13.4. Flow Maldistribution and Instability Issues - p. 470 49. 13.5. Curl - p. 494 50. 14. Effect of Process on Properties - p. 515 51. 15. Effect of Processing on Interlayer Adhesion - p. 539 52. 15.1. Adhesion to Substrates in Extrusion Coating - p. 539 53. 15.2. Interlayer Adhesion in Coextrusion - p. 594 54. Part VI. End Use Considerations - p. 613 55. 16. End-Use Factors Influencing the Design of Flexible Packaging - p. 617 56. Part VII. Structure Design and Modeling - p. 654 57. 17. Analytical and Modeling Tools for Structure Design and Process Optimization - p. 657 58. Appendix A. Writing Guide for Packaging Films and Other Multilayer Structures - p. 685 59. Appendix B. Examples of Flexible Packaging Film Structures - p. 697 60. Index - p. 711
