This volume of Current Topics in Membranes focuses on Membrane Fusion, beginning with fusion and fission of lipid bilayers, with reviews focused on hemifusion and dynamic remodeling of membranes catalyzed by dynamin. Other topics discussed include viral fusion, intracellular fusion, developmental cell fusion, and theoretical modeling.
1. II. Introduction 2. III. Criteria and Assays to Identify Hemifusion 3. IV. Experimental Evidence for Hemifusion 4. V. Modeling the Biophysical Mechanisms of Hemifusion on the Pathway to Fusion 5. Dynamic Remodeling of Membranes Catalyzed by Dynamin 6. I. Overview 7. II. Introduction 8. III. Characteristics of Dynamin 9. IV. Dynamin-Induced Membrane Remodeling 10. V. Evolution of Models for Dynamin-Catalyzed Membrane Fission 11. VI. Current Insights from Structural Studies 12. VII. Future Perspectives 13. Acknowledgments 14. Structure and Working of Viral Fusion Machinery 15. I. Overview 16. II. Introduction 17. III. Structures of Fusion Proteins 18. IV. Regulation of the Conformational Change 19. V. Working of the Fusion Machinery 20. VI. Concluding Remarks 21. Acknowledgments 22. Membrane Fusion Mediated by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Envelope Glycoprotein 23. I. Introduction 24. II. HIV Assembly and Structure 25. III. Structural Changes in HIV Env Leading to Membrane Fusion 26. IV. What Drives the Enlargement of Fusion Pores? 27. V. HIV Entry Pathways 28. VI. Concluding Remarks 29. Acknowledgment 30. The Reovirus Fusion-Associated Small Transmembrane (FAST) Proteins: Virus-Encoded Cellular Fusogens 31. I. Overview 32. II. Introduction 33. III. The Diversity of Fast Proteins 34. IV. The Fast Proteins are Necessary and Sufficient to Induce Membrane Fusion 35. V. The Fast Proteins and Prefusion Events 36. VI. The Fast Proteins and Membrane Merger 37. VII. The Fast Proteins and Postfusion Events 38. VIII. Model of the Fast Protein-Mediated Cell–Cell Fusion Reaction 39. IX. Summary and Future Directions 40. Abbreviations 41. C2 Domains and Membrane Fusion 42. I. Overview 43. II. Membrane Fusion 44. III. The Molecular Machinery Mediating Calcium-Dependent Membrane Fusion 45. IV. Conclusion 46. Chasing the Trails of SNAREs and Lipids Along the Membrane Fusion Pathway 47. I. Overview 48. II. Introduction 49. III. Snare-Dependent Membrane Fusion 50. IV. Small Molecules as Interrogators for SNARE-Mediated Membrane Fusion 51. V. Single Molecule (or Particle) Fluorescence Techniques to Study SNARE-Mediated Membrane Fusion 52. Inferring Structures of Kinetic Intermediates in Ca2+-Triggered Exocytosis 53. I. Overview 54. II. Introduction 55. III. Hypothetical Intermediates 56. IV. Lipid Contact 57. V. Fluid Contact 58. VI. Hydrocarbon–Water Contact 59. VII. Membrane Bending 60. VIII. Role of Proteins 61. IX. Conclusion 62. Eukaryotic Cell–Cell Fusion Families 63. I. Overview 64. II. Introduction 65. III. Choosing a Model System: C. Elegans as an Organism to Study Cell–Cell Fusion 66. IV. Syncytins: an Expanding Metazoan Fusion Family 67. V. Regulation of Cell–Cell Fusion in Nematodes and Mammals 68. VI. Concluding Remarks 69. Invasive Podosomes and Myoblast Fusion 70. I. Overview 71. II. Introduction 72. III. Myoblast Fusion in Vertebrates 73. IV. Drosophila as A Model System to Study Myoblast Fusion 74. V. Myoblast Fusion in Drosophila 75. VI. Relevance to Vertebrate Myoblast Fusion 76. VII. Concluding Remarks 77. Acknowledgments 78. Lipid Acrobatics in the Membrane Fusion Arena 79. I. Overview 80. II. Introduction 81. III. Historical Background 82. IV. Fusion Pathways at the Molecular Level 83. V. Energy Landscape Along the Fusion Pathway 84. VI. Fission Pathways in Molecular Detail 85. VII. Peptide Modulated Fusion 86. VII. Outlook 87. Acknowledgments 88. An Alternate Path for Fusion and its Exploration by Field-Theoretic Means 89. I. Overview 90. II. Introduction 91. III. A Different Pathway to Fusion 92. IV. Results from A Field-Theoretic Description 93. V. Outlook 94. VI. Conclusion 95. Acknowledgments
This volume of Current Topics in Membranes focuses on Membrane Fusion, beginning with fusion and fission of lipid bilayers, with reviews focused on hemifusion and dynamic remodeling of membranes catalyzed by dynamin. Other topics discussed include viral fusion, intracellular fusion, developmental cell fusion, and theoretical modeling.
1. II. Introduction 2. III. Criteria and Assays to Identify Hemifusion 3. IV. Experimental Evidence for Hemifusion 4. V. Modeling the Biophysical Mechanisms of Hemifusion on the Pathway to Fusion 5. Dynamic Remodeling of Membranes Catalyzed by Dynamin 6. I. Overview 7. II. Introduction 8. III. Characteristics of Dynamin 9. IV. Dynamin-Induced Membrane Remodeling 10. V. Evolution of Models for Dynamin-Catalyzed Membrane Fission 11. VI. Current Insights from Structural Studies 12. VII. Future Perspectives 13. Acknowledgments 14. Structure and Working of Viral Fusion Machinery 15. I. Overview 16. II. Introduction 17. III. Structures of Fusion Proteins 18. IV. Regulation of the Conformational Change 19. V. Working of the Fusion Machinery 20. VI. Concluding Remarks 21. Acknowledgments 22. Membrane Fusion Mediated by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Envelope Glycoprotein 23. I. Introduction 24. II. HIV Assembly and Structure 25. III. Structural Changes in HIV Env Leading to Membrane Fusion 26. IV. What Drives the Enlargement of Fusion Pores? 27. V. HIV Entry Pathways 28. VI. Concluding Remarks 29. Acknowledgment 30. The Reovirus Fusion-Associated Small Transmembrane (FAST) Proteins: Virus-Encoded Cellular Fusogens 31. I. Overview 32. II. Introduction 33. III. The Diversity of Fast Proteins 34. IV. The Fast Proteins are Necessary and Sufficient to Induce Membrane Fusion 35. V. The Fast Proteins and Prefusion Events 36. VI. The Fast Proteins and Membrane Merger 37. VII. The Fast Proteins and Postfusion Events 38. VIII. Model of the Fast Protein-Mediated Cell–Cell Fusion Reaction 39. IX. Summary and Future Directions 40. Abbreviations 41. C2 Domains and Membrane Fusion 42. I. Overview 43. II. Membrane Fusion 44. III. The Molecular Machinery Mediating Calcium-Dependent Membrane Fusion 45. IV. Conclusion 46. Chasing the Trails of SNAREs and Lipids Along the Membrane Fusion Pathway 47. I. Overview 48. II. Introduction 49. III. Snare-Dependent Membrane Fusion 50. IV. Small Molecules as Interrogators for SNARE-Mediated Membrane Fusion 51. V. Single Molecule (or Particle) Fluorescence Techniques to Study SNARE-Mediated Membrane Fusion 52. Inferring Structures of Kinetic Intermediates in Ca2+-Triggered Exocytosis 53. I. Overview 54. II. Introduction 55. III. Hypothetical Intermediates 56. IV. Lipid Contact 57. V. Fluid Contact 58. VI. Hydrocarbon–Water Contact 59. VII. Membrane Bending 60. VIII. Role of Proteins 61. IX. Conclusion 62. Eukaryotic Cell–Cell Fusion Families 63. I. Overview 64. II. Introduction 65. III. Choosing a Model System: C. Elegans as an Organism to Study Cell–Cell Fusion 66. IV. Syncytins: an Expanding Metazoan Fusion Family 67. V. Regulation of Cell–Cell Fusion in Nematodes and Mammals 68. VI. Concluding Remarks 69. Invasive Podosomes and Myoblast Fusion 70. I. Overview 71. II. Introduction 72. III. Myoblast Fusion in Vertebrates 73. IV. Drosophila as A Model System to Study Myoblast Fusion 74. V. Myoblast Fusion in Drosophila 75. VI. Relevance to Vertebrate Myoblast Fusion 76. VII. Concluding Remarks 77. Acknowledgments 78. Lipid Acrobatics in the Membrane Fusion Arena 79. I. Overview 80. II. Introduction 81. III. Historical Background 82. IV. Fusion Pathways at the Molecular Level 83. V. Energy Landscape Along the Fusion Pathway 84. VI. Fission Pathways in Molecular Detail 85. VII. Peptide Modulated Fusion 86. VII. Outlook 87. Acknowledgments 88. An Alternate Path for Fusion and its Exploration by Field-Theoretic Means 89. I. Overview 90. II. Introduction 91. III. A Different Pathway to Fusion 92. IV. Results from A Field-Theoretic Description 93. V. Outlook 94. VI. Conclusion 95. Acknowledgments
