More than two million medical students, doctors and other health professionals around the globe have owned a copy of Davidson’s Principles and Practice of Medicine since it was first published. Now in its 23rd Edition, this textbook describes the pathophysiology and clinical features of the most frequently encountered conditions in the major specialties of adult medicine and explains how to recognise, investigate, diagnose and manage them. Taking its origins from Sir Stanley Davidson’s much-admired lecture notes, Davidson’s has endured because it keeps pace with how modern medicine is taught and provides a wealth of information in an easy-to-read, concise and beautifully illustrated format. This book will serve readers everywhere as a core text that integrates medical science with clinical medicine, conveying key knowledge and practical advice in a highly accessible and readable format.
1. Introduction - p. xix 2. Part 1 Fundamentals of Medicine - p. xx 3. 1 Clinical decision-making - p. 1 4. 2 Clinical therapeutics and good prescribing - p. 13 5. 3 Clinical genetics - p. 37 6. 4 Clinical immunology - p. 61 7. 5 Population health and epidemiology - p. 91 8. 6 Principles of infectious disease - p. 99 9. Part 2 Emergency and Critical Care Medicine - p. 129 10. 7 Poisoning - p. 131 11. 8 Envenomation - p. 151 12. 9 Environmental medicine - p. 163 13. 10 Acute medicine and critical illness - p. 173 14. Part 3 Clinical Medicine - p. 214 15. 11 Infectious disease - p. 215 16. Clinical examination of patients with infectious disease - p. 216 17. Presenting problems in infectious diseases - p. 218 18. Viral infections - p. 236 19. Prion diseases - p. 250 20. Bacterial infections - p. 250 21. Protozoal infections - p. 273 22. Infections caused by helminths - p. 288 23. Ectoparasites - p. 299 24. Fungal infections - p. 300 25. Further information - p. 304 26. 12 HIV infection and AIDS - p. 305 27. 13 Sexually transmitted infections - p. 329 28. 14 Clinical biochemistry and metabolic medicine - p. 345 29. 15 Nephrology and urology - p. 381 30. Clinical examination of the kidney and urinary tract - p. 382 31. Functional anatomy and physiology - p. 384 32. Investigation of renal and urinary tract disease - p. 386 33. Presenting problems in renal and urinary tract disease - p. 391 34. Glomerular diseases - p. 397 35. Tubulo-interstitial diseases - p. 401 36. Genetic renal diseases - p. 403 37. Renal vascular diseases - p. 406 38. Renal involvement in systemic conditions - p. 409 39. Acute kidney injury - p. 411 40. Chronic kidney disease - p. 415 41. Renal replacement therapy - p. 420 42. Renal disease in pregnancy - p. 426 43. Renal disease in adolescence - p. 426 44. Drugs and the kidney - p. 426 45. Infections of the urinary tract - p. 426 46. Urolithiasis - p. 431 47. Diseases of the collecting system and ureters - p. 433 48. Tumours of the kidney and urinary tract - p. 434 49. Urinary incontinence - p. 436 50. Prostate disease - p. 437 51. Testicular tumours - p. 439 52. Erectile dysfunction - p. 440 53. Further information - p. 440 54. 16 Cardiology - p. 441 55. Clinical examination of the cardiovascular system - p. 442 56. Functional anatomy and physiology - p. 444 57. Investigation of cardiovascular disease - p. 448 58. Presenting problems in cardiovascular disease - p. 454 59. Cardiac arrhythmias - p. 468 60. Principles of management of cardiac arrhythmias - p. 479 61. Coronary artery disease - p. 484 62. Peripheral arterial disease - p. 502 63. Diseases of the aorta - p. 505 64. Diseases of the heart valves - p. 514 65. Congenital heart disease - p. 531 66. Diseases of the myocardium - p. 538 67. Diseases of the pericardium - p. 542 68. Further information - p. 544 69. 17 Respiratory medicine - p. 545 70. Clinical examination of the respiratory system - p. 546 71. Functional anatomy and physiology - p. 548 72. Investigation of respiratory disease - p. 550 73. Presenting problems in respiratory disease - p. 556 74. Obstructive pulmonary diseases - p. 567 75. Infections of the respiratory system - p. 581 76. Tumours of the bronchus and lung - p. 598 77. Interstitial and infiltrative pulmonary diseases - p. 605 78. Occupational and environmental lung disease - p. 613 79. Pulmonary vascular disease - p. 619 80. Diseases of the upper airway - p. 622 81. Pleural disease - p. 625 82. Diseases of the diaphragm and chest wall - p. 627 83. Further information - p. 628 84. 18 Endocrinology - p. 629 85. Clinical examination in endocrine disease - p. 630 86. An overview of endocrinology - p. 632 87. The thyroid gland - p. 634 88. The reproductive system - p. 651 89. The parathyroid glands - p. 661 90. The adrenal glands - p. 665 91. The endocrine pancreas and gastrointestinal tract - p. 676 92. The hypothalamus and the pituitary gland - p. 679 93. Disorders affecting multiple endocrine glands - p. 688 94. Further information - p. 689 95. 19 Nutritional factors in disease - p. 691 96. 20 Diabetes mellitus - p. 719 97. Clinical examination of the patient with diabetes - p. 720 98. Functional anatomy and physiology - p. 723 99. Investigations - p. 725 100. Aetiology and pathogenesis of diabetes - p. 728 101. Presenting problems in diabetes mellitus - p. 734 102. Management of diabetes - p. 741 103. Complications of diabetes - p. 755 104. Further information - p. 762 105. 21 Gastroenterology - p. 763 106. Clinical examination of the gastrointestinal tract - p. 764 107. Functional anatomy and physiology - p. 766 108. Investigation of gastrointestinal disease - p. 772 109. Presenting problems in gastrointestinal disease - p. 778 110. Diseases of the mouth and salivary glands - p. 790 111. Diseases of the oesophagus - p. 791 112. Diseases of the stomach and duodenum - p. 797 113. Diseases of the small intestine - p. 805 114. Inflammatory bowel disease - p. 813 115. Irritable bowel syndrome - p. 824 116. HIV/AIDS and the gastrointestinal tract - p. 826 117. Ischaemic gut injury - p. 827 118. Disorders of the colon and rectum - p. 827 119. Diseases of the peritoneal cavity - p. 836 120. Other disorders - p. 837 121. Diseases of the pancreas - p. 837 122. Further information - p. 844 123. 22 Hepatology - p. 845 124. Clinical examination of the abdomen for liver and biliary disease - p. 846 125. Functional anatomy and physiology - p. 848 126. Investigation of liver and hepatobiliary disease - p. 852 127. Presenting problems in liver disease - p. 855 128. Cirrhosis - p. 866 129. Portal hypertension - p. 868 130. Infections and the liver - p. 871 131. Alcoholic liver disease - p. 880 132. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease - p. 882 133. Autoimmune liver and biliary disease - p. 885 134. Liver tumours and other focal liver lesions - p. 890 135. Drugs and the liver - p. 893 136. Inherited liver diseases - p. 895 137. Vascular liver disease - p. 898 138. Pregnancy and the liver - p. 899 139. Liver transplantation - p. 900 140. Cholestatic and biliary disease - p. 902 141. Further information - p. 909 142. Websites - p. 909 143. 23 Haematology and transfusion medicine - p. 911 144. Clinical examination in blood disease - p. 912 145. Functional anatomy and physiology - p. 914 146. Investigation of diseases of the blood - p. 919 147. Presenting problems in blood disease - p. 923 148. Principles of management of haematological disease - p. 930 149. Anaemias - p. 940 150. Haemoglobinopathies - p. 951 151. Haematological malignancies - p. 954 152. Aplastic anaemias - p. 968 153. Myeloproliferative neoplasms - p. 969 154. Bleeding disorders - p. 970 155. Thrombotic disorders - p. 975 156. Further information - p. 979 157. 24 Rheumatology and bone disease - p. 981 158. Clinical examination of the musculoskeletal system - p. 982 159. Functional anatomy and physiology - p. 984 160. Investigation of musculoskeletal disease - p. 988 161. Presenting problems in musculoskeletal disease - p. 992 162. Principles of management - p. 1000 163. Osteoarthritis - p. 1007 164. Crystal-induced arthritis - p. 1012 165. Fibromyalgia - p. 1018 166. Bone and joint infections - p. 1019 167. Rheumatoid arthritis - p. 1021 168. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis - p. 1026 169. Spondyloarthropathies - p. 1027 170. Autoimmune connective tissue diseases - p. 1034 171. Vasculitis - p. 1040 172. Diseases of bone - p. 1044 173. Bone and joint tumours - p. 1056 174. Rheumatological involvement in other diseases - p. 1057 175. Miscellaneous conditions - p. 1058 176. Further information - p. 1060 177. 25 Neurology - p. 1061 178. Clinical examination of the nervous system - p. 1062 179. Functional anatomy and physiology - p. 1064 180. Investigation of neurological disease - p. 1072 181. Presenting problems in neurological disease - p. 1078 182. Functional symptoms - p. 1094 183. Headache syndromes - p. 1095 184. Epilepsy - p. 1097 185. Vestibular disorders - p. 1104 186. Disorders of sleep - p. 1105 187. Neuro-inflammatory diseases - p. 1106 188. Paraneoplastic neurological disorders - p. 1110 189. Neurodegenerative diseases - p. 1111 190. Infections of the nervous system - p. 1117 191. Intracranial mass lesions and raised intracranial pressure - p. 1127 192. Disorders of cerebellar function - p. 1134 193. Disorders of the spine and spinal cord - p. 1134 194. Diseases of peripheral nerves - p. 1138 195. Diseases of the neuromuscular junction - p. 1141 196. Diseases of muscle - p. 1143 197. Further information - p. 1146 198. 26 Stroke medicine - p. 1147 199. 27 Medical ophthalmology - p. 1163 200. 28 Medical psychiatry - p. 1179 201. 29 Dermatology - p. 1209 202. Clinical examination in skin disease - p. 1210 203. Functional anatomy and physiology - p. 1212 204. Investigation of skin disease - p. 1214 205. Presenting problems in skin disease - p. 1216 206. Principles of management of skin disease - p. 1225 207. Skin tumours - p. 1229 208. Common skin infections and infestations - p. 1235 209. Acne and rosacea - p. 1241 210. Eczemas - p. 1244 211. Psoriasis and other erythematous scaly eruptions - p. 1247 212. Lichenoid eruptions - p. 1252 213. Urticaria - p. 1252 214. Bullous diseases - p. 1254 215. Pigmentation disorders - p. 1257 216. Hair disorders - p. 1258 217. Nail disorders - p. 1260 218. Skin disease in general medicine - p. 1261 219. Further information - p. 1267 220. 30 Maternal medicine - p. 1269 221. 31 Adolescent and transition medicine - p. 1287 222. 32 Ageing and disease - p. 1301 223. 33 Oncology - p. 1313 224. 34 Pain and palliative care - p. 1337 225. 35 Laboratory reference ranges - p. 1357 226. Index - p. 1365
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More than two million medical students, doctors and other health professionals around the globe have owned a copy of Davidson’s Principles and Practice of Medicine since it was first published. Now in its 23rd Edition, this textbook describes the pathophysiology and clinical features of the most frequently encountered conditions in the major specialties of adult medicine and explains how to recognise, investigate, diagnose and manage them. Taking its origins from Sir Stanley Davidson’s much-admired lecture notes, Davidson’s has endured because it keeps pace with how modern medicine is taught and provides a wealth of information in an easy-to-read, concise and beautifully illustrated format. This book will serve readers everywhere as a core text that integrates medical science with clinical medicine, conveying key knowledge and practical advice in a highly accessible and readable format.
1. Introduction - p. xix 2. Part 1 Fundamentals of Medicine - p. xx 3. 1 Clinical decision-making - p. 1 4. 2 Clinical therapeutics and good prescribing - p. 13 5. 3 Clinical genetics - p. 37 6. 4 Clinical immunology - p. 61 7. 5 Population health and epidemiology - p. 91 8. 6 Principles of infectious disease - p. 99 9. Part 2 Emergency and Critical Care Medicine - p. 129 10. 7 Poisoning - p. 131 11. 8 Envenomation - p. 151 12. 9 Environmental medicine - p. 163 13. 10 Acute medicine and critical illness - p. 173 14. Part 3 Clinical Medicine - p. 214 15. 11 Infectious disease - p. 215 16. Clinical examination of patients with infectious disease - p. 216 17. Presenting problems in infectious diseases - p. 218 18. Viral infections - p. 236 19. Prion diseases - p. 250 20. Bacterial infections - p. 250 21. Protozoal infections - p. 273 22. Infections caused by helminths - p. 288 23. Ectoparasites - p. 299 24. Fungal infections - p. 300 25. Further information - p. 304 26. 12 HIV infection and AIDS - p. 305 27. 13 Sexually transmitted infections - p. 329 28. 14 Clinical biochemistry and metabolic medicine - p. 345 29. 15 Nephrology and urology - p. 381 30. Clinical examination of the kidney and urinary tract - p. 382 31. Functional anatomy and physiology - p. 384 32. Investigation of renal and urinary tract disease - p. 386 33. Presenting problems in renal and urinary tract disease - p. 391 34. Glomerular diseases - p. 397 35. Tubulo-interstitial diseases - p. 401 36. Genetic renal diseases - p. 403 37. Renal vascular diseases - p. 406 38. Renal involvement in systemic conditions - p. 409 39. Acute kidney injury - p. 411 40. Chronic kidney disease - p. 415 41. Renal replacement therapy - p. 420 42. Renal disease in pregnancy - p. 426 43. Renal disease in adolescence - p. 426 44. Drugs and the kidney - p. 426 45. Infections of the urinary tract - p. 426 46. Urolithiasis - p. 431 47. Diseases of the collecting system and ureters - p. 433 48. Tumours of the kidney and urinary tract - p. 434 49. Urinary incontinence - p. 436 50. Prostate disease - p. 437 51. Testicular tumours - p. 439 52. Erectile dysfunction - p. 440 53. Further information - p. 440 54. 16 Cardiology - p. 441 55. Clinical examination of the cardiovascular system - p. 442 56. Functional anatomy and physiology - p. 444 57. Investigation of cardiovascular disease - p. 448 58. Presenting problems in cardiovascular disease - p. 454 59. Cardiac arrhythmias - p. 468 60. Principles of management of cardiac arrhythmias - p. 479 61. Coronary artery disease - p. 484 62. Peripheral arterial disease - p. 502 63. Diseases of the aorta - p. 505 64. Diseases of the heart valves - p. 514 65. Congenital heart disease - p. 531 66. Diseases of the myocardium - p. 538 67. Diseases of the pericardium - p. 542 68. Further information - p. 544 69. 17 Respiratory medicine - p. 545 70. Clinical examination of the respiratory system - p. 546 71. Functional anatomy and physiology - p. 548 72. Investigation of respiratory disease - p. 550 73. Presenting problems in respiratory disease - p. 556 74. Obstructive pulmonary diseases - p. 567 75. Infections of the respiratory system - p. 581 76. Tumours of the bronchus and lung - p. 598 77. Interstitial and infiltrative pulmonary diseases - p. 605 78. Occupational and environmental lung disease - p. 613 79. Pulmonary vascular disease - p. 619 80. Diseases of the upper airway - p. 622 81. Pleural disease - p. 625 82. Diseases of the diaphragm and chest wall - p. 627 83. Further information - p. 628 84. 18 Endocrinology - p. 629 85. Clinical examination in endocrine disease - p. 630 86. An overview of endocrinology - p. 632 87. The thyroid gland - p. 634 88. The reproductive system - p. 651 89. The parathyroid glands - p. 661 90. The adrenal glands - p. 665 91. The endocrine pancreas and gastrointestinal tract - p. 676 92. The hypothalamus and the pituitary gland - p. 679 93. Disorders affecting multiple endocrine glands - p. 688 94. Further information - p. 689 95. 19 Nutritional factors in disease - p. 691 96. 20 Diabetes mellitus - p. 719 97. Clinical examination of the patient with diabetes - p. 720 98. Functional anatomy and physiology - p. 723 99. Investigations - p. 725 100. Aetiology and pathogenesis of diabetes - p. 728 101. Presenting problems in diabetes mellitus - p. 734 102. Management of diabetes - p. 741 103. Complications of diabetes - p. 755 104. Further information - p. 762 105. 21 Gastroenterology - p. 763 106. Clinical examination of the gastrointestinal tract - p. 764 107. Functional anatomy and physiology - p. 766 108. Investigation of gastrointestinal disease - p. 772 109. Presenting problems in gastrointestinal disease - p. 778 110. Diseases of the mouth and salivary glands - p. 790 111. Diseases of the oesophagus - p. 791 112. Diseases of the stomach and duodenum - p. 797 113. Diseases of the small intestine - p. 805 114. Inflammatory bowel disease - p. 813 115. Irritable bowel syndrome - p. 824 116. HIV/AIDS and the gastrointestinal tract - p. 826 117. Ischaemic gut injury - p. 827 118. Disorders of the colon and rectum - p. 827 119. Diseases of the peritoneal cavity - p. 836 120. Other disorders - p. 837 121. Diseases of the pancreas - p. 837 122. Further information - p. 844 123. 22 Hepatology - p. 845 124. Clinical examination of the abdomen for liver and biliary disease - p. 846 125. Functional anatomy and physiology - p. 848 126. Investigation of liver and hepatobiliary disease - p. 852 127. Presenting problems in liver disease - p. 855 128. Cirrhosis - p. 866 129. Portal hypertension - p. 868 130. Infections and the liver - p. 871 131. Alcoholic liver disease - p. 880 132. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease - p. 882 133. Autoimmune liver and biliary disease - p. 885 134. Liver tumours and other focal liver lesions - p. 890 135. Drugs and the liver - p. 893 136. Inherited liver diseases - p. 895 137. Vascular liver disease - p. 898 138. Pregnancy and the liver - p. 899 139. Liver transplantation - p. 900 140. Cholestatic and biliary disease - p. 902 141. Further information - p. 909 142. Websites - p. 909 143. 23 Haematology and transfusion medicine - p. 911 144. Clinical examination in blood disease - p. 912 145. Functional anatomy and physiology - p. 914 146. Investigation of diseases of the blood - p. 919 147. Presenting problems in blood disease - p. 923 148. Principles of management of haematological disease - p. 930 149. Anaemias - p. 940 150. Haemoglobinopathies - p. 951 151. Haematological malignancies - p. 954 152. Aplastic anaemias - p. 968 153. Myeloproliferative neoplasms - p. 969 154. Bleeding disorders - p. 970 155. Thrombotic disorders - p. 975 156. Further information - p. 979 157. 24 Rheumatology and bone disease - p. 981 158. Clinical examination of the musculoskeletal system - p. 982 159. Functional anatomy and physiology - p. 984 160. Investigation of musculoskeletal disease - p. 988 161. Presenting problems in musculoskeletal disease - p. 992 162. Principles of management - p. 1000 163. Osteoarthritis - p. 1007 164. Crystal-induced arthritis - p. 1012 165. Fibromyalgia - p. 1018 166. Bone and joint infections - p. 1019 167. Rheumatoid arthritis - p. 1021 168. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis - p. 1026 169. Spondyloarthropathies - p. 1027 170. Autoimmune connective tissue diseases - p. 1034 171. Vasculitis - p. 1040 172. Diseases of bone - p. 1044 173. Bone and joint tumours - p. 1056 174. Rheumatological involvement in other diseases - p. 1057 175. Miscellaneous conditions - p. 1058 176. Further information - p. 1060 177. 25 Neurology - p. 1061 178. Clinical examination of the nervous system - p. 1062 179. Functional anatomy and physiology - p. 1064 180. Investigation of neurological disease - p. 1072 181. Presenting problems in neurological disease - p. 1078 182. Functional symptoms - p. 1094 183. Headache syndromes - p. 1095 184. Epilepsy - p. 1097 185. Vestibular disorders - p. 1104 186. Disorders of sleep - p. 1105 187. Neuro-inflammatory diseases - p. 1106 188. Paraneoplastic neurological disorders - p. 1110 189. Neurodegenerative diseases - p. 1111 190. Infections of the nervous system - p. 1117 191. Intracranial mass lesions and raised intracranial pressure - p. 1127 192. Disorders of cerebellar function - p. 1134 193. Disorders of the spine and spinal cord - p. 1134 194. Diseases of peripheral nerves - p. 1138 195. Diseases of the neuromuscular junction - p. 1141 196. Diseases of muscle - p. 1143 197. Further information - p. 1146 198. 26 Stroke medicine - p. 1147 199. 27 Medical ophthalmology - p. 1163 200. 28 Medical psychiatry - p. 1179 201. 29 Dermatology - p. 1209 202. Clinical examination in skin disease - p. 1210 203. Functional anatomy and physiology - p. 1212 204. Investigation of skin disease - p. 1214 205. Presenting problems in skin disease - p. 1216 206. Principles of management of skin disease - p. 1225 207. Skin tumours - p. 1229 208. Common skin infections and infestations - p. 1235 209. Acne and rosacea - p. 1241 210. Eczemas - p. 1244 211. Psoriasis and other erythematous scaly eruptions - p. 1247 212. Lichenoid eruptions - p. 1252 213. Urticaria - p. 1252 214. Bullous diseases - p. 1254 215. Pigmentation disorders - p. 1257 216. Hair disorders - p. 1258 217. Nail disorders - p. 1260 218. Skin disease in general medicine - p. 1261 219. Further information - p. 1267 220. 30 Maternal medicine - p. 1269 221. 31 Adolescent and transition medicine - p. 1287 222. 32 Ageing and disease - p. 1301 223. 33 Oncology - p. 1313 224. 34 Pain and palliative care - p. 1337 225. 35 Laboratory reference ranges - p. 1357 226. Index - p. 1365
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