Thermophysical Properties of Individual Hydrocarbons of Petroleum and Natural Gases: Properties, Methods, and Low-Carbon Technologies is a go-to data source for engineers who need derive property data on everyday components. Providing more precise data improves existing oil and gas processing systems and creates opportunities for more sustainable operations and equipment, such as hydrogen and carbon capture. Covering modern equations of state, this source discusses detailed descriptions of experimental apparatus, methods of measurement, corrections and error estimates as well as results of previous experiments. Generalized predictive methods for calculating viscosity and thermal conductivity are also covered.
Rounding out with property databases and lower-carbon technology advances, the book gives today’s engineers a detailed study of methods for more sustainable experimental research of thermophysical properties.
1. Thermophysical Properties of Individual Hydrocarbons of Petroleum and Natural Gases - p. i 2. Cover - p. i 3. Front Matter - p. i 4. Title Page - p. iii 5. Copyright - p. iv 6. Table of Contents - p. vi 7. About the Authors - p. vii 8. Foreword - p. ix 9. Preface - p. xi 10. Chapter 1 Hydrocarbons of petroleum and natural gases - p. 1 11. Chapter 2 Experimental methods, apparatuses and results of experimental measurements of the thermodynamic properties - p. 13 12. 2.1: Experimental uncertainties - p. 15 13. 2.2: Thermal properties - p. 22 14. 2.2.1: Apparatus for measuring the density of liquid hydrocarbons at the atmospheric pressure - p. 22 15. 2.2.2: Apparatus for measuring densities and vapor pressures of hydrocarbons - p. 25 16. 2.2.3: Apparatus for determining melting curves of hydrocarbons - p. 31 17. 2.2.4: Apparatus for determining p, V, T dependences of liquid hydrocarbons - p. 34 18. 2.2.5: Apparatus for determining p, V, T dependences of liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons - p. 48 19. 2.2.6: Experimental p-C-T results - p. 54 20. 2.3: Isobaric heat capacity - p. 125 21. 2.3.1: Apparatus for measuring Ср of liquids at atmospheric pressure in the temperature range 270–450 K - p. 125 22. 2.3.2: Apparatus for measuring Ср of liquids at temperatures 300–470 K and pressures 0.1–6.0 MPa - p. 131 23. 2.3.3: Low-temperature calorimetric setup - p. 134 24. 2.3.4: Flow calorimetric setup - p. 138 25. 2.3.5: Experimental results for Cp of liquid hydrocarbons - p. 153 26. 2.3.6: Experimental results for Cp in wide range of state parameters - p. 161 27. 2.3.7: Caloric properties of hydrocarbons in a wide range of state parameters - p. 175 28. 2.3.8: Methods for calculating Cp - p. 177 29. 2.4: Isochoric heat capacity - p. 188 30. 2.5: Speed of sound - p. 203 31. 2.6: Surface tension - p. 213 32. 2.7: Conclusions and recommendations - p. 232 33. Chapter 3 Thermodynamic properties on the phase equilibrium lines - p. 251 34. 3.1: Sublimation point line - p. 251 35. 3.2: Melting point line - p. 259 36. 3.3: Thermal properties on the saturation line liquid gas - p. 261 37. 3.3.1: Local equations of state on the “liquid-gas” saturation curve - p. 267 38. 3.3.2: Generalized correlations for calculating vapor pressure - p. 293 39. 3.3.3: Generalized correlations for calculating densities of saturated liquid n-alkanes - p. 299 40. 3.3.4: Generalized equation for the predicting densities of saturated gaseous hydrocarbons - p. 302 41. 3.4: Surface tension - p. 303 42. 3.5: Caloric properties on the liquid-gas saturation curve - p. 305 43. 3.6: Conclusions and recommendations - p. 310 44. Chapter 4 Thermodynamic functions of hydrocarbons in the ideal gas state - p. 323 45. Chapter 5 Fundamental equations of state of individual substances - p. 335 46. 5.1: Overview of fundamental equations of state - p. 335 47. 5.2: Methods of constructing fundamental equations of state based on experimental data of various types - p. 355 48. 5.3: Fundamental equations of state at the critical point - p. 385 49. 5.4: Conclusions and recommendations - p. 390 50. Chapter 6 Modern fundamental equations of state for the most important hydrocarbons of oil, gas condensates, and associated gases - p. 397 51. 6.1: Overview of the published equations of state - p. 397 52. 6.1.1: Hydrocarbon and associated gases - p. 400 53. 6.1.2: Liquid alkanes - p. 422 54. 6.1.3: Cycloalkanes - p. 458 55. 6.1.4: Aromatic hydrocarbons - p. 466 56. 6.1.5: Modern generalized equations of state - p. 483 57. 6.2: Critical region - p. 502 58. 6.3: Conclusions and recommendations - p. 519 59. Chapter 7 Experimental apparatus and results of measuring the viscosity of hydrocarbons - p. 539 60. 7.1: Apparatus for measuring the viscosity of hydrocarbons at the atmospheric pressure - p. 541 61. 7.2: Experimental setup for measuring the viscosity of liquid hydrocarbons at pressures up to 60 MPa - p. 544 62. 7.3: Experimental setup for measuring the viscosity of hydrocarbons in the liquid and gas phases - p. 561 63. 7.4: Apparatus for measuring the dynamic viscosity of liquids and gases by the capillary method at a constant pressure drop - p. 568 64. 7.5: The results of the experimental measurement of the hydrocarbon viscosities - p. 588 65. 7.6: Conclusions and recommendations - p. 602 66. Chapter 8 Methods for calculating the viscosity of hydrocarbons - p. 607 67. 8.1: Dilute gas viscosity - p. 607 68. 8.2: Methods for calculating viscosities in a wide range of state parameters - p. 619 69. 8.3: Viscosity in the critical region - p. 641 70. 8.4: Correlation equations of viscosities of oils and natural gases hydrocarbons - p. 644 71. 8.5: Conclusions and recommendations - p. 677 72. Chapter 9 Experimental apparatus and results of measuring the thermal conductivity of hydrocarbons - p. 687 73. 9.1: Stationary hot wire method - p. 688 74. 9.2: Stationary method of coaxial cylinders - p. 720 75. 9.3: The method of coaxial cylinders in the mode of monotonous heating - p. 743 76. 9.4: Results of the experimental study of the thermal conductivity of hydrocarbons - p. 757 77. 9.4.1: Measurement results and initial analysis of experimental data - p. 757 78. 9.4.2: Measurement of thermal conductivity in a homologous series of petroleum hydrocarbons depending on their physicochemical properties - p. 766 79. 9.4.3: Verification of methods for calculating the thermal conductivity of liquid hydrocarbons - p. 774 80. 9.4.4: Effect of pressure on the thermal conductivity of hydrocarbons - p. 794 81. 9.4.5: Additive-group method for calculating the thermal conductivity of hydrocarbons - p. 805 82. 9.5: Conclusions and recommendations - p. 813 83. Chapter 10 Methods for calculating the thermal conductivity of hydrocarbons - p. 825 84. 10.1: Dilute gas thermal conductivity of substances - p. 825 85. 10.2: Methods for calculating thermal conductivities in a wide range of state parameters - p. 833 86. 10.3: Thermal conductivity in the critical region - p. 841 87. 10.4: Correlation equations of thermal conductivities of hydrocarbons - p. 847 88. 10.5: Conclusions and recommendations - p. 875 89. Chapter 11 Thermophysical aspects of low-carbon technologies in the energy and oil and gas industry - p. 881 90. Appendix A - p. 901 91. Appendix B - p. 943 92. Appendix C - p. 969 93. Appendix D - p. 973 94. Appendix E - p. 997 95. Index - p. 1051
Thermophysical Properties of Individual Hydrocarbons of Petroleum and Natural Gases: Properties, Methods, and Low-Carbon Technologies is a go-to data source for engineers who need derive property data on everyday components. Providing more precise data improves existing oil and gas processing systems and creates opportunities for more sustainable operations and equipment, such as hydrogen and carbon capture. Covering modern equations of state, this source discusses detailed descriptions of experimental apparatus, methods of measurement, corrections and error estimates as well as results of previous experiments. Generalized predictive methods for calculating viscosity and thermal conductivity are also covered.
Rounding out with property databases and lower-carbon technology advances, the book gives today’s engineers a detailed study of methods for more sustainable experimental research of thermophysical properties.
1. Thermophysical Properties of Individual Hydrocarbons of Petroleum and Natural Gases - p. i 2. Cover - p. i 3. Front Matter - p. i 4. Title Page - p. iii 5. Copyright - p. iv 6. Table of Contents - p. vi 7. About the Authors - p. vii 8. Foreword - p. ix 9. Preface - p. xi 10. Chapter 1 Hydrocarbons of petroleum and natural gases - p. 1 11. Chapter 2 Experimental methods, apparatuses and results of experimental measurements of the thermodynamic properties - p. 13 12. 2.1: Experimental uncertainties - p. 15 13. 2.2: Thermal properties - p. 22 14. 2.2.1: Apparatus for measuring the density of liquid hydrocarbons at the atmospheric pressure - p. 22 15. 2.2.2: Apparatus for measuring densities and vapor pressures of hydrocarbons - p. 25 16. 2.2.3: Apparatus for determining melting curves of hydrocarbons - p. 31 17. 2.2.4: Apparatus for determining p, V, T dependences of liquid hydrocarbons - p. 34 18. 2.2.5: Apparatus for determining p, V, T dependences of liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons - p. 48 19. 2.2.6: Experimental p-C-T results - p. 54 20. 2.3: Isobaric heat capacity - p. 125 21. 2.3.1: Apparatus for measuring Ср of liquids at atmospheric pressure in the temperature range 270–450 K - p. 125 22. 2.3.2: Apparatus for measuring Ср of liquids at temperatures 300–470 K and pressures 0.1–6.0 MPa - p. 131 23. 2.3.3: Low-temperature calorimetric setup - p. 134 24. 2.3.4: Flow calorimetric setup - p. 138 25. 2.3.5: Experimental results for Cp of liquid hydrocarbons - p. 153 26. 2.3.6: Experimental results for Cp in wide range of state parameters - p. 161 27. 2.3.7: Caloric properties of hydrocarbons in a wide range of state parameters - p. 175 28. 2.3.8: Methods for calculating Cp - p. 177 29. 2.4: Isochoric heat capacity - p. 188 30. 2.5: Speed of sound - p. 203 31. 2.6: Surface tension - p. 213 32. 2.7: Conclusions and recommendations - p. 232 33. Chapter 3 Thermodynamic properties on the phase equilibrium lines - p. 251 34. 3.1: Sublimation point line - p. 251 35. 3.2: Melting point line - p. 259 36. 3.3: Thermal properties on the saturation line liquid gas - p. 261 37. 3.3.1: Local equations of state on the “liquid-gas” saturation curve - p. 267 38. 3.3.2: Generalized correlations for calculating vapor pressure - p. 293 39. 3.3.3: Generalized correlations for calculating densities of saturated liquid n-alkanes - p. 299 40. 3.3.4: Generalized equation for the predicting densities of saturated gaseous hydrocarbons - p. 302 41. 3.4: Surface tension - p. 303 42. 3.5: Caloric properties on the liquid-gas saturation curve - p. 305 43. 3.6: Conclusions and recommendations - p. 310 44. Chapter 4 Thermodynamic functions of hydrocarbons in the ideal gas state - p. 323 45. Chapter 5 Fundamental equations of state of individual substances - p. 335 46. 5.1: Overview of fundamental equations of state - p. 335 47. 5.2: Methods of constructing fundamental equations of state based on experimental data of various types - p. 355 48. 5.3: Fundamental equations of state at the critical point - p. 385 49. 5.4: Conclusions and recommendations - p. 390 50. Chapter 6 Modern fundamental equations of state for the most important hydrocarbons of oil, gas condensates, and associated gases - p. 397 51. 6.1: Overview of the published equations of state - p. 397 52. 6.1.1: Hydrocarbon and associated gases - p. 400 53. 6.1.2: Liquid alkanes - p. 422 54. 6.1.3: Cycloalkanes - p. 458 55. 6.1.4: Aromatic hydrocarbons - p. 466 56. 6.1.5: Modern generalized equations of state - p. 483 57. 6.2: Critical region - p. 502 58. 6.3: Conclusions and recommendations - p. 519 59. Chapter 7 Experimental apparatus and results of measuring the viscosity of hydrocarbons - p. 539 60. 7.1: Apparatus for measuring the viscosity of hydrocarbons at the atmospheric pressure - p. 541 61. 7.2: Experimental setup for measuring the viscosity of liquid hydrocarbons at pressures up to 60 MPa - p. 544 62. 7.3: Experimental setup for measuring the viscosity of hydrocarbons in the liquid and gas phases - p. 561 63. 7.4: Apparatus for measuring the dynamic viscosity of liquids and gases by the capillary method at a constant pressure drop - p. 568 64. 7.5: The results of the experimental measurement of the hydrocarbon viscosities - p. 588 65. 7.6: Conclusions and recommendations - p. 602 66. Chapter 8 Methods for calculating the viscosity of hydrocarbons - p. 607 67. 8.1: Dilute gas viscosity - p. 607 68. 8.2: Methods for calculating viscosities in a wide range of state parameters - p. 619 69. 8.3: Viscosity in the critical region - p. 641 70. 8.4: Correlation equations of viscosities of oils and natural gases hydrocarbons - p. 644 71. 8.5: Conclusions and recommendations - p. 677 72. Chapter 9 Experimental apparatus and results of measuring the thermal conductivity of hydrocarbons - p. 687 73. 9.1: Stationary hot wire method - p. 688 74. 9.2: Stationary method of coaxial cylinders - p. 720 75. 9.3: The method of coaxial cylinders in the mode of monotonous heating - p. 743 76. 9.4: Results of the experimental study of the thermal conductivity of hydrocarbons - p. 757 77. 9.4.1: Measurement results and initial analysis of experimental data - p. 757 78. 9.4.2: Measurement of thermal conductivity in a homologous series of petroleum hydrocarbons depending on their physicochemical properties - p. 766 79. 9.4.3: Verification of methods for calculating the thermal conductivity of liquid hydrocarbons - p. 774 80. 9.4.4: Effect of pressure on the thermal conductivity of hydrocarbons - p. 794 81. 9.4.5: Additive-group method for calculating the thermal conductivity of hydrocarbons - p. 805 82. 9.5: Conclusions and recommendations - p. 813 83. Chapter 10 Methods for calculating the thermal conductivity of hydrocarbons - p. 825 84. 10.1: Dilute gas thermal conductivity of substances - p. 825 85. 10.2: Methods for calculating thermal conductivities in a wide range of state parameters - p. 833 86. 10.3: Thermal conductivity in the critical region - p. 841 87. 10.4: Correlation equations of thermal conductivities of hydrocarbons - p. 847 88. 10.5: Conclusions and recommendations - p. 875 89. Chapter 11 Thermophysical aspects of low-carbon technologies in the energy and oil and gas industry - p. 881 90. Appendix A - p. 901 91. Appendix B - p. 943 92. Appendix C - p. 969 93. Appendix D - p. 973 94. Appendix E - p. 997 95. Index - p. 1051
