Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is the leading emergency leading to hospitalization and urgent endoscopy. The field of gastrointestinal bleeding is rapidly evolving. The epidemiology is changing with more complex older patients on anticoagulant and antithrombotic agents presenting with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The initial management has rapidly evolved with new transfusion thresholds, the use of risk stratification scores and no more nasogastric tubes. There is new data and recommendations on optimal timing of endoscopy. Medical therapies have also evolved with changes in proton pump inhibitor administration and the use of prokinetics to improve endoscopic visualization. Many modifications in endoscopic therapy have recently been advanced including the use of endoscopic ultrasound guided angiotherapy, topical sprays (i.e. Hemospray) and over-the-scope clips. In order to give optimal care to patients, it is critical that practicing gastroenterologists are aware of the many recent advances in management of patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
1. Cover image - p. 1 2. Title page - p. 2 3. Table of Contents - p. 3 4. Copyright - p. 4 5. Contributors - p. 5 6. Forthcoming Issues - p. 8 7. Foreword: Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: New Management for an Evolving Emergency - p. 9 8. Preface: Advances and Improvements in the Management of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding - p. 10 9. Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding - p. 11 10. Initial Assessment and Resuscitation in Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding - p. 16 11. Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding - p. 22 12. Management of Antiplatelet Agents and Anticoagulants in Patients with Gastrointestinal Bleeding - p. 26 13. Role of Medical Therapy for Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding - p. 35 14. The Role of Medical Therapy for Variceal Bleeding - p. 45 15. Endoscopic Diagnosis and Therapy in Gastroesophageal Variceal Bleeding - p. 52 16. Injection and Cautery Methods for Nonvariceal Bleeding Control - p. 61 17. Mechanical Hemostasis Techniques in Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding - p. 68 18. Hemostatic Powders in Gastrointestinal Bleeding - p. 74 19. New Technologies and Approaches to Endoscopic Control of Gastrointestinal Bleeding - p. 83 20. Management of Patients with Rebleeding - p. 90 21. Unusual Causes of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding - p. 98 22. Tips and Tricks on How to Optimally Manage Patients with Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding - p. 107
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Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is the leading emergency leading to hospitalization and urgent endoscopy. The field of gastrointestinal bleeding is rapidly evolving. The epidemiology is changing with more complex older patients on anticoagulant and antithrombotic agents presenting with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The initial management has rapidly evolved with new transfusion thresholds, the use of risk stratification scores and no more nasogastric tubes. There is new data and recommendations on optimal timing of endoscopy. Medical therapies have also evolved with changes in proton pump inhibitor administration and the use of prokinetics to improve endoscopic visualization. Many modifications in endoscopic therapy have recently been advanced including the use of endoscopic ultrasound guided angiotherapy, topical sprays (i.e. Hemospray) and over-the-scope clips. In order to give optimal care to patients, it is critical that practicing gastroenterologists are aware of the many recent advances in management of patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
1. Cover image - p. 1 2. Title page - p. 2 3. Table of Contents - p. 3 4. Copyright - p. 4 5. Contributors - p. 5 6. Forthcoming Issues - p. 8 7. Foreword: Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: New Management for an Evolving Emergency - p. 9 8. Preface: Advances and Improvements in the Management of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding - p. 10 9. Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding - p. 11 10. Initial Assessment and Resuscitation in Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding - p. 16 11. Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding - p. 22 12. Management of Antiplatelet Agents and Anticoagulants in Patients with Gastrointestinal Bleeding - p. 26 13. Role of Medical Therapy for Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding - p. 35 14. The Role of Medical Therapy for Variceal Bleeding - p. 45 15. Endoscopic Diagnosis and Therapy in Gastroesophageal Variceal Bleeding - p. 52 16. Injection and Cautery Methods for Nonvariceal Bleeding Control - p. 61 17. Mechanical Hemostasis Techniques in Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding - p. 68 18. Hemostatic Powders in Gastrointestinal Bleeding - p. 74 19. New Technologies and Approaches to Endoscopic Control of Gastrointestinal Bleeding - p. 83 20. Management of Patients with Rebleeding - p. 90 21. Unusual Causes of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding - p. 98 22. Tips and Tricks on How to Optimally Manage Patients with Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding - p. 107
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