Year Book of Medicine 2014

1. Cover image - p. 1 2. Title page - p. 2 3. Table of Contents - p. 3 4. Chapter 1 - Osteoarthritis - p. 9 5. A Randomized Trial of Epidural Glucocorticoid Injections for Spinal Stenosis - p. 10 6. Milk Consumption and Progression of Medial Tibiofemoral Knee Osteoarthritis: Data From the Osteoarthritis Initiative - p. 11 7. Chapter 2 - Miscellaneous Rheumatic Diseases and Therapies - p. 12 8. The global burden of low back pain: estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study - p. 13 9. Chapter 3 - Rheumatoid Arthritis - p. 14 10. Does the “Hispanic Paradox” Occur in Rheumatoid Arthritis? Survival Data From a Multiethnic Cohort - p. 15 11. Chapter 4 - Psoriatic Arthritis - p. 16 12. Association between tobacco smoking and response to tumour necrosis factor α inhibitor treatment in psoriatic arthritis: results from the DANBIO registry - p. 17 13. Brodalumab, an Anti-IL17RA Monoclonal Antibody, in Psoriatic Arthritis - p. 18 14. Chapter 5 - Ankylosing Spondylitis - p. 19 15. Higher disease activity leads to more structural damage in the spine in ankylosing spondylitis: 12-year longitudinal data from the OASIS cohort - p. 20 16. Chapter 6 - Gout and Other Crystal Diseases - p. 21 17. Measuring Physician Adherence with Gout Quality Indicators – A Role for Natural Language Processing - p. 22 18. Chapter 7 - Sjogren's Syndrome - p. 23 19. Treatment of Primary Sjögren Syndrome With Rituximab: A Randomized Trial - p. 24 20. Chapter 8 - Systemic Lupus Erythematosus - p. 25 21. Prevalence and incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus in a population-based registry of American Indian and Alaska Native people, 2007-2009 - p. 26 22. Thirty-day Hospital Readmissions in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Predictors and Hospital and State-level Variation - p. 27 23. Chapter 9 - Systemic Sclerosis - p. 28 24. Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation vs Intravenous Pulse Cyclophosphamide in Diffuse Cutaneous Systemic Sclerosis: A Randomized Clinical Trial - p. 29 25. Survival and Predictors of Mortality in Systemic Sclerosis–Associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Outcomes From the Pulmonary Hypertension Assessment and Recognition of Outcomes in Scleroderma Registry - p. 30 26. Chapter 10 - Vasculitis - p. 31 27. The informational needs of patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis—development of an informational needs questionnaire - p. 32 28. Mutant Adenosine Deaminase 2 in a Polyarteritis Nodosa Vasculopathy - p. 33 29. Chapter 11 - Bacterial Infections - p. 34 30. FDA Moves to Curb Antibiotic Use in Livestock - p. 35 31. Bacterial Meningitis in Adults After Splenectomy and Hyposplenic States - p. 36 32. Cluster of Macrolide-Resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infections in Illinois in 2012 - p. 37 33. Escherichia coli O157:H7 Infections Associated With Consumption of Locally Grown Strawberries Contaminated by Deer - p. 38 34. Clinical Outcomes with Rapid Detection of Methicillin-Resistant and Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Routine Blood Cultures - p. 39 35. Laboratory Diagnosis of Clostridium difficile Infections: There Is Light at the End of the Colon - p. 40 36. An Ongoing National Intervention to Contain the Spread of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae - p. 41 37. Distinguishing Community-Associated From Hospital-Associated Clostridium difficile Infections in Children: Implications for Public Health Surveillance - p. 42 38. Spinal epidural abscesses: risk factors, medical versus surgical management, a retrospective review of 128 cases - p. 43 39. Chapter 12 - Human Immunodeficiency Virus - p. 44 40. Are We Prepped for Preexposure Prophylaxis (PrEP)? Provider Opinions on the Real-World Use of PrEP in the United States and Canada - p. 45 41. Antiretroviral Therapy for Prevention of HIV Transmission in HIV-Discordant Couples - p. 46 42. Absence of Detectable HIV-1 Viremia after Treatment Cessation in an Infant - p. 47 43. Chapter 13 - Vaccines - p. 48 44. Acellular pertussis vaccines protect against disease but fail to prevent infection and transmission in a nonhuman primate model - p. 49 45. Effects of Immunocompromise and Comorbidities on Pneumococcal Serotypes Causing Invasive Respiratory Infection in Adults: Implications for Vaccine Strategies - p. 50 46. Safety and Immunogenicity of A Vero Cell Culture–Derived Whole-Virus Influenza A(H5N1) Vaccine in a Pediatric Population - p. 51 47. A Multi-Component Meningococcal Serogroup B Vaccine (4CMenB): The Clinical Development Program - p. 52 48. Chapter 14 - Viral Infections - p. 53 49. Transmission and evolution of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in Saudi Arabia: a descriptive genomic study - p. 54 50. A common solution to group 2 influenza virus neutralization - p. 55 51. Efficacy, Safety, and Immunogenicity of an Enterovirus 71 Vaccine in China - p. 56 52. Helicase–Primase Inhibitor Pritelivir for HSV-2 Infection - p. 57 53. Chapter 15 - Nosocomial Infections - p. 58 54. Emergence of Colistin-Resistance in Extremely Drug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Containing a Novel pmrCAB Operon During Colistin Therapy of Wound Infections - p. 59 55. Effect of Aerosolized Colistin as Adjunctive Treatment on the Outcomes of Microbiologically Documented Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Caused by Colistin-Only Susceptible Gram-Negative Bacteria - p. 60 56. Diverse Sources of C. difficile Infection Identified on Whole-Genome Sequencing - p. 61 57. Chapter 16 - Tuberculosis - p. 62 58. A Trial of Mass Isoniazid Preventive Therapy for Tuberculosis Control - p. 63 59. Chapter 17 - Miscellaneous - p. 64 60. Advantages of Using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry as a Rapid Diagnostic Tool for Identification of Yeasts and Mycobacteria in the Clinical Microbiological Laboratory - p. 65 61. A genetic strategy to identify targets for the development of drugs that prevent bacterial persistence - p. 66 62. Conjunctivitis: A Systematic Review of Diagnosis and Treatment - p. 67 63. Infectious Diseases Specialty Intervention Is Associated With Decreased Mortality and Lower Healthcare Costs - p. 68 64. Inhaled Corticosteroids and Risk of Recurrent Pneumonia: A Population-Based, Nested Case-Control Study - p. 70 65. A Novel Prion Disease Associated with Diarrhea and Autonomic Neuropathy - p. 71 66. Chapter 18 - Gynecologic Cancers - p. 72 67. ACR Appropriateness Criteria Staging and Follow-up of Ovarian Cancer - p. 73 68. Chapter 19 - Breast Cancer - p. 74 69. Prognosis of Women With Primary Breast Cancer Diagnosed During Pregnancy: Results From an International Collaborative Study - p. 75 70. Randomized Trial of Pentoxifylline and Vitamin E vs Standard Follow-up After Breast Irradiation to Prevent Breast Fibrosis, Evaluated by Tissue Compliance Meter - p. 76 71. The American Brachytherapy Society consensus statement for accelerated partial breast irradiation - p. 77 72. Interim Cosmetic and Toxicity Results From RAPID: A Randomized Trial of Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation Using Three-Dimensional Conformal External Beam Radiation Therapy - p. 78 73. Incidence of Breast Cancer With Distant Involvement Among Women in the United States, 1976 to 2009 - p. 79 74. Chapter 20 - Prostate Cancer - p. 80 75. Long-Term Functional Outcomes after Treatment for Localized Prostate Cancer - p. 81 76. Abiraterone in Metastatic Prostate Cancer without Previous Chemotherapy - p. 82 77. Intermittent versus Continuous Androgen Deprivation in Prostate Cancer - p. 83 78. Short-term Androgen-Deprivation Therapy Improves Prostate Cancer-Specific Mortality in Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer Patients Undergoing Dose-Escalated External Beam Radiation Therapy - p. 84 79. The REDUCE Follow-Up Study: Low Rate of New Prostate Cancer Diagnoses Observed During a 2-Year, Observational, Followup Study of Men Who Participated in the REDUCE Trial - p. 85 80. Results from the Quality Research in Radiation Oncology (QRRO) survey: Evaluation of dosimetric outcomes for low-dose-rate prostate brachytherapy - p. 86 81. ACR Appropriateness Criteria Prostate Cancer—Pretreatment Detection, Staging, and Surveillance - p. 87 82. Effect of Soy Protein Isolate Supplementation on Biochemical Recurrence of Prostate Cancer After Radical Prostatectomy: A Randomized Trial - p. 88 83. Use of Advanced Treatment Technologies Among Men at Low Risk of Dying From Prostate Cancer - p. 89 84. Comparative Effectiveness of Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy and Conventional Conformal Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Prostate Cancer After Radical Prostatectomy - p. 90 85. African American Men With Very Low–Risk Prostate Cancer Exhibit Adverse Oncologic Outcomes After Radical Prostatectomy: Should Active Surveillance Still Be an Option for Them? - p. 91 86. Agent Orange as a Risk Factor for High-Grade Prostate Cancer - p. 92 87. Association of Testosterone Therapy With Mortality, Myocardial Infarction, and Stroke in Men With Low Testosterone Levels - p. 93 88. Alpha Emitter Radium-223 and Survival in Metastatic Prostate Cancer - p. 94 89. Urologists' Use of Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer - p. 95 90. Treatment of Prostate Cancer With Intermittent Versus Continuous Androgen Deprivation: A Systematic Review of Randomized Trials - p. 96 91. Association Between Exercise and Primary Incidence of Prostate Cancer: Does Race Matter? - p. 97 92. Chapter 21 - Colorectal Cancer - p. 98 93. Long-Term Colorectal-Cancer Incidence and Mortality after Lower Endoscopy - p. 99 94. Chapter 22 - Lung Cancer - p. 100 95. Selection Criteria for Lung-Cancer Screening - p. 101 96. Results of Initial Low-Dose Computed Tomographic Screening for Lung Cancer - p. 102 97. 50-Year Trends in Smoking-Related Mortality in the United States - p. 103 98. Chapter 23 - Supportive Care - p. 104 99. Palliative care always - p. 105 100. Why Is Spiritual Care Infrequent at the End of Life? Spiritual Care Perceptions Among Patients, Nurses, and Physicians and the Role of Training - p. 106 101. Clinical Ascertainment of Health Outcomes Among Adults Treated for Childhood Cancer - p. 107 102. Randomized Phase III Trial of ABVD Versus Stanford V With or Without Radiation Therapy in Locally Extensive and Advanced-Stage Hodgkin Lymphoma: An Intergroup Study Coordinated by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (E2496) - p. 108 103. Single-Fraction Radiotherapy Versus Multifraction Radiotherapy for Palliation of Painful Vertebral Bone Metastases—Equivalent Efficacy, Less Toxicity, More Convenient: A Subset Analysis of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Trial 97-14 - p. 109 104. Chapter 24 - Cancer Screening - p. 110 105. Body CT Scanning in Young Adults: Examination Indications, Patient Outcomes, and Risk of Radiation-induced Cancer - p. 111 106. Risk of Ischemic Heart Disease in Women after Radiotherapy for Breast Cancer - p. 112 107. Chapter 25 - Mitigation and Modulation of the Progression of Kidney Disease - p. 113 108. Educational programs improve the preparation for dialysis and survival of patients with chronic kidney disease - p. 114 109. Prevention and treatment of protein energy wasting in chronic kidney disease patients: a consensus statement by the International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism - p. 115 110. Low birth weight, later renal function, and the roles of adulthood blood pressure, diabetes, and obesity in a British birth cohort - p. 116 111. A Randomized Trial of Dietary Sodium Restriction in CKD - p. 117 112. Adherence to antihypertensive agents improves risk reduction of end-stage renal disease - p. 118 113. Effects of Exercise and Lifestyle Intervention on Cardiovascular Function in CKD - p. 119 114. Chapter 26 - Acute Kidney Injury - p. 120 115. Impaired Kidney Function at Hospital Discharge and Long-Term Renal and Overall Survival in Patients Who Received CRRT - p. 121 116. Association between AKI and Long-Term Renal and Cardiovascular Outcomes in United States Veterans - p. 122 117. Evaluation of 32 urine biomarkers to predict the progression of acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery - p. 123 118. Urinary biomarkers of AKI and mortality 3 years after cardiac surgery - p. 124 119. Dialysis versus Nondialysis in Patients with AKI: A Propensity-Matched Cohort Study - p. 125 120. Adverse Drug Events during AKI and Its Recovery - p. 126 121. Calcium-Channel Blocker–Clarithromycin Drug Interactions and Acute Kidney Injury - p. 127 122. Chapter 27 - Clinical Nephrology - p. 128 123. Utility of Urine Eosinophils in the Diagnosis of Acute Interstitial Nephritis - p. 129 124. Stenting and Medical Therapy for Atherosclerotic Renal-Artery Stenosis - p. 130 125. Combined Angiotensin Inhibition for the Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy - p. 131 126. Association of plasma uric acid with ischaemic heart disease and blood pressure: mendelian randomisation analysis of two large cohorts - p. 132 127. Influence of Urine Creatinine Concentrations on the Relation of Albumin-Creatinine Ratio With Cardiovascular Disease Events: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) - p. 133 128. Usefulness of Serial Decline of Kidney Function to Predict Mortality and Cardiovascular Events in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography - p. 134 129. Randomized Controlled Trial of Febuxostat Versus Allopurinol or Placebo in Individuals with Higher Urinary Uric Acid Excretion and Calcium Stones - p. 135 130. Urinary Lithogenic Risk Profile in Recurrent Stone Formers With Hyperoxaluria: A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension)-Style and Low-Oxalate Diets - p. 136 131. Soda and Other Beverages and the Risk of Kidney Stones - p. 137 132. Chapter 28 - Chronic Kidney Disease - p. 138 133. Lifetime Incidence of CKD Stages 3–5 in the United States - p. 139 134. Identification of a urine metabolomic signature in patients with advanced-stage chronic kidney disease - p. 140 135. Prevalence of Apparent Treatment-Resistant Hypertension among Individuals with CKD - p. 141 136. Blood pressure lowering and major cardiovascular events in people with and without chronic kidney disease: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials - p. 142 137. Warfarin, Kidney Dysfunction, and Outcomes Following Acute Myocardial Infarction in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation - p. 143 138. Patient-Reported and Actionable Safety Events in CKD - p. 144 139. Chapter 29 - Dialysis and Transplantation - p. 145 140. IGF-1 and Survival in ESRD - p. 146 141. Clinical Predictors of Decline in Nutritional Parameters over Time in ESRD - p. 147 142. Mortality Predictability of Body Size and Muscle Mass Surrogates in Asian vs White and African American Hemodialysis Patients - p. 148 143. A comparative effectiveness research study of the change in blood pressure during hemodialysis treatment and survival - p. 149 144. Low 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels and Cognitive Impairment in Hemodialysis Patients - p. 150 145. Accidental Falls and Risk of Mortality among Older Adults on Chronic Peritoneal Dialysis - p. 151 146. Comorbidity Burden and Perioperative Complications for Living Kidney Donors in the United States - p. 152 147. Long-term risks for kidney donors - p. 153 148. Chapter 30 - Diabetes - p. 154 149. Combined Angiotensin Inhibition for the Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy - p. 155 150. Saxagliptin and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus - p. 156 151. Linagliptin for patients aged 70 years or older with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with common antidiabetes treatments: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial - p. 157 152. A small-molecule AdipoR agonist for type 2 diabetes and short life in obesity - p. 158 153. Achievement of Goals in U.S. Diabetes Care, 1999–2010 - p. 159 154. Chapter 31 - Asthma, Allergy, and Cystic Fibrosis - p. 160 155. Bronchial thermoplasty: Long-term safety and effectiveness in patients with severe persistent asthma - p. 161 156. Safety of bronchial thermoplasty in patients with severe refractory asthma - p. 162 157. Severe adult-onset asthma: A distinct phenotype - p. 163 158. Asthma During Pregnancy and Clinical Outcomes in Offspring: A National Cohort Study - p. 164 159. Omalizumab: A review of its Use in Patients with Severe Persistent Allergic Asthma - p. 165 160. Prescription fill patterns in underserved children with asthma receiving subspecialty care - p. 166 161. Chapter 32 - Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - p. 167 162. Cardiovascular Risk, Myocardial Injury, and Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - p. 168 163. Chronic Pain and Pain Medication Use in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study - p. 169 164. COPD Surveillance–United States, 1999-2011 - p. 170 165. A meta-analysis on the prophylactic use of macrolide antibiotics for the prevention of disease exacerbations in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - p. 171 166. High-Dose N-Acetylcysteine in Stable COPD: The 1-Year, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled HIACE Study - p. 172 167. Statin Use and Risk of COPD Exacerbation Requiring Hospitalization - p. 173 168. Predictors of Mortality in Hospitalized Adults with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis - p. 174 169. Chapter 33 - Community-Acquired Pneumonia - p. 175 170. Functional Disability, Cognitive Impairment, and Depression After Hospitalization for Pneumonia - p. 176 171. Readmission Following Hospitalization for Pneumonia: The Impact of Pneumonia Type and Its Implication for Hospitals - p. 177 172. Inhaled corticosteroids in COPD and the risk of serious pneumonia - p. 178 173. Chapter 34 - Lung Transplantation - p. 179 174. Lung Transplantation in Patients with Pretransplantation Donor-Specific Antibodies Detected by Luminex Assay - p. 180 175. Chapter 35 - Lung Cancer - p. 181 176. Cancer Statistics, 2013 - p. 182 177. Epidemic of Lung Cancer in Patients With HIV Infection - p. 184 178. Screening for Lung Cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement - p. 185 179. Benefits and Harms of Computed Tomography Lung Cancer Screening Programs for High-Risk Populations - p. 186 180. 50-Year Trends in Smoking-Related Mortality in the United States - p. 189 181. 21st-Century Hazards of Smoking and Benefits of Cessation in the United States - p. 190 182. Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation: a randomised controlled trial - p. 191 183. Chapter 36 - Pleural, Interstitial Ling, and Pulmonary Vascular Disease - p. 192 184. The Toll-like Receptor 3 L412F Polymorphism and Disease Progression in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis - p. 193 185. Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis with Antibodies to Heat Shock Protein 70 Have Poor Prognoses - p. 194 186. Morbidity and mortality in patients with usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern undergoing surgery for lung biopsy - p. 195 187. Diagnosis and Treatment of Connective Tissue Disease-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease - p. 196 188. Mycophenolate Mofetil Improves Lung Function in Connective Tissue Disease-associated Interstitial Lung Disease - p. 197 189. Pleural Plaques and the Risk of Pleural Mesothelioma - p. 198 190. Surgical decortication as the first-line treatment for pleural empyema - p. 199 191. Anticoagulation and Survival in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Results From the Comparative, Prospective Registry of Newly Initiated Therapies for Pulmonary Hypertension (COMPERA) - p. 200 192. Chapter 37 - Sleep Disorders - p. 201 193. Randomized Controlled trial of Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation (NPPV) Versus Servoventilation in Patients with CPAP-Induced Central Sleep Apnea (Complex Sleep Apnea) - p. 202 194. An Official American Thoracic Society Clinical Practice Guideline: Sleep Apnea, Sleepiness, and Driving Risk in Noncommercial Drivers: An Update of a 1994 Statement - p. 203 195. Impact of Group Education on Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Adherence - p. 204 196. Maximizing Positive Airway Pressure Adherence in Adults: A Common-Sense Approach - p. 205 197. 5-Years APAP adherence in OSA patients – Do first impressions matter? - p. 206 198. Chapter 38 - Critical Care Medicine - p. 207 199. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome After Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage - p. 208 200. Emerging Indications for Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Adults with Respiratory Failure - p. 209 201. Central or Peripheral Catheters for Initial Venous Access of ICU Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial - p. 210 202. Removing nonessential central venous catheters: evaluation of a quality improvement intervention - p. 211 203. Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock - p. 212 204. Chapter 39 - Chronic Coronary Artery Disease - p. 213 205. National Trends in Heart Failure Hospitalization After Acute Myocardial Infarction for Medicare Beneficiaries 1998–2010 - p. 214 206. Cost-Effectiveness of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease and Abnormal Fractional Flow Reserve - p. 215 207. C-Reactive Protein, but not Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels, Associate With Coronary Atheroma Regression and Cardiovascular Events After Maximally Intensive Statin Therapy - p. 216 208. Chapter 40 - Risk Factors - p. 217 209. A Randomized Trial of Colchicine for Acute Pericarditis - p. 218 210. Efficacy and Safety of Longer-Term Administration of Evolocumab (AMG 145) in Patients With Hypercholesterolemia: 52-Week Results From the Open-Label Study of Long-Term Evaluation Against LDL-C (OSLER) Randomized Trial - p. 219 211. Increased risk of coronary heart disease among individuals reporting adverse impact of stress on their health: the Whitehall II prospective cohort study - p. 220 212. Effects of Visit-to-Visit Variability in Systolic Blood Pressure on Macrovascular and Microvascular Complications in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The ADVANCE Trial - p. 221 213. Chapter 41 - Arrhythmias - p. 222 214. Effect of Yoga on Arrhythmia Burden, Anxiety, Depression, and Quality of Life in Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation: The YOGA My Heart Study - p. 223 215. Syncope in High-Risk Cardiomyopathy Patients With Implantable Defibrillators: Frequency, Risk Factors, Mechanisms, and Association With Mortality: Results From the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial–Reduce Inappropriate Therapy (MADIT-RIT) Study - p. 224 216. Safety and Efficacy of a Totally Subcutaneous Implantable-Cardioverter Defibrillator - p. 225 217. Edoxaban versus Warfarin in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation - p. 226 218. Catheter ablation vs. antiarrhythmic drug treatment of persistent atrial fibrillation: a multicentre, randomized, controlled trial (SARA study) - p. 227 219. Incident Atrial Fibrillation Among Asians, Hispanics, Blacks, and Whites - p. 228 220. Effect of Weight Reduction and Cardiometabolic Risk Factor Management on Symptom Burden and Severity in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Randomized Clinical Trial - p. 229 221. Chapter 42 - Acute Coronary Syndromes - p. 230 222. Racial/Ethnic and Gender Gaps in the Use of and Adherence to Evidence-Based Preventive Therapies Among Elderly Medicare Part D Beneficiaries After Acute Myocardial Infarction - p. 231 223. Bivalirudin Started during Emergency Transport for Primary PCI - p. 233 224. Randomized Trial of Preventive Angioplasty in Myocardial Infarction - p. 234 225. Derivation and Validation of a Risk Standardization Model for Benchmarking Hospital Performance for Health-Related Quality of Life Outcomes After Acute Myocardial Infarction - p. 235 226. Chapter 43 - Coronary Intervention Procedures - p. 236 227. A Prospective Randomized Trial of Everolimus-Eluting Stents Versus Bare-Metal Stents in Octogenarians: The XIMA Trial (Xience or Vision Stents for the Management of Angina in the Elderly) - p. 237 228. Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation in acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock (IABP-SHOCK II): final 12 month results of a randomised, open-label trial - p. 238 229. Cessation of dual antiplatelet treatment and cardiac events after percutaneous coronary intervention (PARIS): 2 year results from a prospective observational study - p. 239 230. Optimal Duration of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy After Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation: A Randomized, Controlled Trial - p. 240 231. Chapter 44 - Cardiomyopathy - p. 241 232. Heart Failure–Associated Hospitalizations in the United States - p. 242 233. Spironolactone for Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction - p. 243 234. An individual patient meta-analysis of five randomized trials assessing the effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy on morbidity and mortality in patients with symptomatic heart failure - p. 244 235. Low-Dose Dopamine or Low-Dose Nesiritide in Acute Heart Failure With Renal Dysfunction: The ROSE Acute Heart Failure Randomized Trial - p. 245 236. Chapter 45 - Valvular Heart Disease - p. 246 237. Impact of Preoperative Moderate/Severe Mitral Regurgitation on 2-Year Outcome After Transcatheter and Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement: Insight From the Placement of Aortic Transcatheter Valve (PARTNER) Trial Cohort A - p. 247 238. Mitral-Valve Repair versus Replacement for Severe Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation - p. 248 239. Comparison of Balloon-Expandable vs Self-expandable Valves in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: The CHOICE Randomized Clinical Trial - p. 249 240. Chapter 46 - Esophagus - p. 250 241. Central Obesity in Asymptomatic Volunteers Is Associated With Increased Intrasphincteric Acid Reflux and Lengthening of the Cardiac Mucosa - p. 251 242. Comparing omeprazole with fluoxetine for treatment of patients with heartburn and normal endoscopy who failed once daily proton pump inhibitors: Double-blind placebo-controlled trial - p. 252 243. Long-term Efficacy and Safety of Endoscopic Resection for Patients With Mucosal Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagus - p. 253 244. Radiofrequency Ablation vs Endoscopic Surveillance for Patients With Barrett Esophagus and Low-Grade Dysplasia: A Randomized Clinical Trial - p. 254 245. Chapter 47 - Stomach - p. 255 246. A Comparative Study of Sequential Therapy and Standard Triple Therapy for Helicobacter pylori Infection: A Randomized Multicenter Trial - p. 256 247. Acute Gastroenteritis and the Risk of Functional Dyspepsia: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis - p. 257 248. Chapter 48 - Small Bowel - p. 258 249. Systematic review: sprue-like enteropathy associated with olmesartan - p. 259 250. A Diet Low in FODMAPs Reduces Symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome - p. 260 251. Celiac Disease or Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity? An Approach to Clinical Differential Diagnosis - p. 261 252. Chapter 49 - Colon - p. 262 253. ACG Clinical Guideline: Management of Benign Anorectal Disorders - p. 263 254. Efficacy of Pharmacological Therapies for the Treatment of Opioid-Induced Constipation: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis - p. 264 255. Chapter 50 - Liver - p. 265 256. Simple Noninvasive Systems Predict Long-term Outcomes of Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - p. 266 257. Ledipasvir and Sofosbuvir for 8 or 12 Weeks for Chronic HCV without Cirrhosis - p. 267 258. ACG Clinical Guideline: The Diagnosis and Management of Idiosyncratic Drug-Induced Liver Injury - p. 268 259. Systematic review with meta-analysis: the effects of rifaximin in hepatic encephalopathy - p. 269 260. ABT-450/r–Ombitasvir and Dasabuvir with Ribavirin for Hepatitis C with Cirrhosis - p. 270 261. Chapter 51 - Calcium and Bone Metabolism - p. 271 262. In Vivo Assessment of Bone Quality in Postmenopausal Women with Type 2 Diabetes - p. 272 263. Fracture risk following bariatric surgery: a population-based study - p. 273 264. Gonadal Steroids and Body Composition, Strength, and Sexual Function in Men - p. 274 265. Persistent Hyperparathyroidism Is a Major Risk Factor for Fractures in the Five Years After Kidney Transplantation - p. 275 266. Chapter 52 - Adrenal Cortex - p. 276 267. Reduced Cortisol Metabolism during Critical Illness - p. 277 268. Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells in Patients With Adrenocortical Carcinoma: A Monocentric Preliminary Study - p. 278 269. Hypothalamo-pituitary and immune-dependent adrenal regulation during systemic inflammation - p. 279 270. Mitotane Therapy in Adrenocortical Cancer Induces CYP3A4 and Inhibits 5α-Reductase, Explaining the Need for Personalized Glucocorticoid and Androgen Replacement - p. 280 271. Chapter 53 - Reproductive Endocrinology - p. 281 272. In Older Men an Optimal Plasma Testosterone Is Associated With Reduced All-Cause Mortality and Higher Dihydrotestosterone With Reduced Ischemic Heart Disease Mortality, While Estradiol Levels Do Not Predict Mortality - p. 282 273. Longitudinal Changes in Testosterone Over Five Years in Community-Dwelling Men - p. 283 274. Bone Marrow Fat Composition as a Novel Imaging Biomarker in Postmenopausal Women With Prevalent Fragility Fractures - p. 284 275. Abrupt decrease in serum testosterone levels after an oral glucose load in men: implications for screening for hypogonadism - p. 285 276. Determinants of testosterone recovery after bariatric surgery: is it only a matter of reduction of body mass index? - p. 286 277. Symptomatic Reduction in Free Testosterone Levels Secondary to Crizotinib Use in Male Cancer Patients - p. 287 278. Chapter 54 - Pediatric Endocrinology - p. 288 279. Parathyroid Hormone as a Functional Indicator of Vitamin D Sufficiency in Children - p. 289 280. Onset of Breast Development in a Longitudinal Cohort - p. 290 281. Chapter 55 - Neuroendocrinology - p. 291 282. Progression of Vertebral Fractures Despite Long-Term Biochemical Control of Acromegaly: A Prospective Follow-up Study - p. 292 283. A Cross-Sectional Study of the Prevalence of Cardiac Valvular Abnormalities in Hyperprolactinemic Patients Treated With Ergot-Derived Dopamine Agonists - p. 293 284. Chapter 56 - Lipoproteins and Atherosclerosis - p. 294 285. Relation of Hepatic Steatosis to Atherogenic Dyslipidemia - p. 295 286. Statin Therapy in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (from the Evaluation of Drug Eluting Stents and Ischemic Events Registry) - p. 297 287. C-reactive Protein, but not Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels, Associate With Coronary Atheroma Regression and Cardiovascular Events After Maximally Intensive Statin Therapy - p. 298 288. AMG145, a Monoclonal Antibody Against Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin Kexin Type 9, Significantly Reduces Lipoprotein(a) in Hypercholesterolemic Patients Receiving Statin Therapy: An Analysis From the LDL-C Assessment With Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin Kexin Type 9 Monoclonal Antibody Inhibition Combined With Statin Therapy (LAPLACE)–Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 57 Trial - p. 300 289. Chapter 57 - Obesity - p. 301 290. Are Metabolically Healthy Overweight and Obesity Benign Conditions?: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis - p. 302 291. Review of the key results from the Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) trial – a prospective controlled intervention study of bariatric surgery - p. 303 292. Chapter 58 - Thyroid - p. 304 293. Embryonic exposure to excess thyroid hormone causes thyrotrope cell death - p. 305 294. Does BRAF V600E Mutation Predict Aggressive Features in Papillary Thyroid Cancer? Results From Four Endocrine Surgery Centers - p. 306 295. Effect of inadequate iodine status in UK pregnant women on cognitive outcomes in their children: results from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) - p. 307 296. Five-Year Follow-Up for Women With Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Pregnancy - p. 308 297. Analysis of 754 Cases of Antithyroid Drug-Induced Agranulocytosis Over 30 Years in Japan - p. 309