Now in its tenth edition, Kumar & Clark’s Clinical Medicine is fully updated and revised under a new team of editors. Featuring new chapters covering: o Diagnosis: the art of being a doctor – helping readers to develop a confident clinical method in interactions with patients o Elderly medicine, frailty and multimorbidity o Public health o Surgery o Evidence-based medicine o Sepsis and the treatment of bacterial infection o Haematological Oncology o Venous thromboembolic disease o Hypertension o Men’s health Enhanced clinical skills content has been added to most chapters - helping readers tailor history-taking and examination skills to specific specialty-based contexts. Bonus online content - including self-assessment, common clinical and international cases, cardiovascular and respiratory audio material, clinical examination videos and bite-sized topic pages covering major conditions. Heavily revised throughout with smaller chapters to ease navigation, added introductions and system overviews included for most chapters.
1. Introduction - p. 98 2. The biology of cancer - p. 98 3. Aetiology and epidemiology - p. 100 4. Screening and investigations - p. 102 5. Principles of cancer treatment - p. 106 6. Acute oncology - p. 116 7. Common solid tumour treatment - p. 118 8. Lung cancer - p. 119 9. Breast cancer - p. 121 10. Upper gastrointestinal cancers - p. 123 11. Lower gastrointestinal cancers - p. 125 12. Hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancers - p. 126 13. Urological cancers - p. 127 14. Gynaecological cancers - p. 130 15. Brain tumours - p. 132 16. Head and neck cancer - p. 133 17. Metastatic cancer of unknown primary - p. 134 18. 7. Palliative care and symptom control - p. 137 19. 8. Sepsis and the treatment of bacterial infection - p. 151 20. 9. Water balance, fluids and electrolytes - p. 169 21. 10. Critical care medicine - p. 203 22. 11. Surgery - p. 239 23. 12. Prescribing, therapeutics and toxicology - p. 251 24. 13. Global health - p. 277 25. 14. Public health - p. 285 26. 15. Geriatric medicine, frailty and multimorbidity - p. 297 27. 16. Haematology - p. 319 28. Core Skills and Knowledge - p. 319 29. Clinical skills for haematology - p. 320 30. Examination - p. 320 31. Investigations - p. 320 32. Introduction - p. 324 33. The red cell - p. 325 34. Anaemia: an introduction - p. 327 35. Microcytic anaemia - p. 328 36. Normocytic anaemia - p. 332 37. Macrocytic anaemias - p. 333 38. Anaemia due to marrow failure (aplastic anaemia) - p. 336 39. Haemolytic anaemias: an introduction - p. 338 40. Inherited haemolytic anaemia - p. 338 41. Acquired haemolytic anaemia - p. 351 42. Polycythaemia - p. 355 43. The spleen - p. 356 44. Blood transfusion - p. 357 45. Blood groups - p. 357 46. Procedure for blood transfusion in hospitals - p. 358 47. Complications of blood transfusion - p. 359 48. Strategies for the avoidance of unnecessary transfusion - p. 362 49. Blood, blood components and blood products - p. 362 50. The white cell - p. 365 51. Haemostasis - p. 367 52. Vascular disorders - p. 372 53. Platelet disorders - p. 372 54. Inherited coagulation disorders - p. 375 55. Acquired coagulation disorders - p. 377 56. 17. Haematological oncology - p. 379 57. 18. Rheumatology - p. 411 58. Core Skills and Knowledge - p. 411 59. Clinical skills for rheumatology - p. 412 60. Approach to the patient - p. 414 61. Anatomy and physiology of the normal joint - p. 414 62. Investigation of rheumatic disease - p. 415 63. Clinical conditions in rheumatology - p. 417 64. Common regional musculoskeletal problems - p. 418 65. Chronic pain syndromes - p. 429 66. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs for musculoskeletal problems - p. 431 67. Disorders of collagen - p. 432 68. Osteoarthritis - p. 433 69. Inflammatory Arthritis - p. 437 70. Rheumatoid arthritis - p. 437 71. Spondyloarthritis - p. 447 72. Infections of joints - p. 454 73. Autoimmune rheumatic diseases - p. 456 74. Systemic inflammatory vasculitis - p. 464 75. Arthritis in children - p. 467 76. Rheumatological problems seen in other diseases - p. 467 77. Miscellaneous arthropathies - p. 468 78. 19. Bone disease - p. 471 79. 20. Infectious disease - p. 487 80. Core Skills and Knowledge - p. 488 81. Core content - p. 488 82. Clinical skills for infectious disease - p. 489 83. Introduction - p. 491 84. Clinical approach to the patient with a suspected infection - p. 492 85. Epidemiology and prevention of infections - p. 502 86. Principles and mechanisms of infection - p. 509 87. Viral Infections - p. 513 88. Virus infections of the skin and mucous membranes - p. 513 89. Virus infections of the respiratory tract - p. 519 90. Systemic viral infections - p. 521 91. Virus infections of the nervous system - p. 526 92. Virus infections of the gastrointestinal tract - p. 529 93. Viral hepatitis - p. 530 94. Viruses and malignant disease - p. 530 95. Viral haemorrhagic fevers - p. 531 96. Antiviral drugs - p. 533 97. Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (Prion Diseases) - p. 535 98. Bacterial Infections - p. 535 99. Bacterial infections of the skin and soft tissues - p. 535 100. Bacterial infections of the respiratory tract - p. 537 101. Bacterial infections of the gastrointestinal tract - p. 539 102. Bacterial infections of the cardiovascular system - p. 544 103. Bacterial infections of the nervous system - p. 545 104. Bacterial bone and joint infections - p. 547 105. Bacterial infections of the urinary tract - p. 547 106. Systemic/multisystem bacterial infections - p. 547 107. Bacterial infections seen in developing and tropical countries - p. 550 108. Antibiotic therapies - p. 559 109. Fungal Infections - p. 559 110. Systemic fungal infections - p. 559 111. Subcutaneous fungal infections - p. 561 112. Superficial fungal infections - p. 562 113. Antifungal drugs - p. 562 114. Protozoal Infections - p. 563 115. Blood and tissue protozoa - p. 563 116. Gastrointestinal protozoa - p. 571 117. Helminthic Infections - p. 573 118. Nematodes - p. 574 119. Trematodes - p. 578 120. Cestodes - p. 580 121. Arthropod Ectoparasites - p. 581 122. 21. Endocrinology - p. 583 123. Core Skills and Knowledge - p. 583 124. Clinical skills for endocrinology - p. 584 125. Introduction - p. 586 126. The pituitary gland and hypothalamus - p. 591 127. Hypothalamo–Pituitary–adrenal axis - p. 598 128. The thyroid axis - p. 609 129. Hypothalamo–pituitary–gonadal axis - p. 622 130. Growth and puberty - p. 632 131. The Thirst Axis - p. 641 132. Disorders of Calcium Metabolism - p. 644 133. Hypoglycaemia in the non-diabetic patient - p. 647 134. Other endocrine disorders - p. 648 135. 22. Dermatology - p. 651 136. Core Skills and Knowledge - p. 651 137. Clinical Skills for Dermatology - p. 652 138. Introduction - p. 654 139. Skin structure and function - p. 654 140. Investigation of Skin Disease - p. 656 141. Principles of Dermatological Therapy - p. 656 142. Erythroderma and Loss of Skin Function (‘Skin Failure’) - p. 657 143. Common rashes - p. 657 144. Skin Infections - p. 669 145. Human Immunodeficiency Virus and the Skin - p. 676 146. Skin Signs of Systemic Disease - p. 677 147. Photosensitivity - p. 685 148. Blistering and Bullous Skin Disease - p. 686 149. Skin Tumours - p. 688 150. Disorders of Pigmentation - p. 693 151. Nail Disorders - p. 694 152. Hair Disorders - p. 694 153. Birth Marks and Neonatal Rashes - p. 695 154. Drug Eruptions - p. 696 155. 23. Diabetes mellitus - p. 699 156. Core Skills and Knowledge - p. 699 157. Clinical skills for diabetes mellitus - p. 699 158. Introduction - p. 702 159. Physiology of insulin structure, secretion and action - p. 702 160. Classification of diabetes - p. 704 161. Clinical Approach to the Patient With Diabetes - p. 710 162. Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes - p. 711 163. Management of diabetes - p. 711 164. Diabetic metabolic emergencies - p. 722 165. Complications of diabetes - p. 725 166. Psychosocial Implications of Diabetes - p. 736 167. Diabetes in special situations - p. 737 168. Organization of diabetes care - p. 741 169. 24. Lipid and metabolic disorders - p. 743 170. 25. Liaison psychiatry - p. 763 171. Core Skills and Knowledge - p. 763 172. Introduction - p. 763 173. Clinical approach to the patient with a psychiatric disorder - p. 764 174. Classification of psychiatric disorders - p. 768 175. Aetiology of psychiatric disorders - p. 768 176. Psychiatric aspects of physical diseases - p. 768 177. Sick role and illness behaviour - p. 769 178. Functional somatic syndromes - p. 769 179. Somatoform disorders - p. 772 180. Dissociative/conversion disorders - p. 773 181. Sleep difficulties - p. 775 182. Mood (affective) disorders - p. 776 183. Suicide and self-harm - p. 784 184. Anxiety disorders - p. 785 185. Alcohol misuse and dependence - p. 790 186. Drug misuse and dependence - p. 792 187. Schizophrenia - p. 794 188. Organic mental disorders - p. 796 189. Eating disorders - p. 797 190. Sexual disorders - p. 798 191. Personality disorders - p. 799 192. Involuntary Detention - p. 800 193. Mental Capacity Act - p. 800 194. 26. Neurology - p. 801 195. Core Skills and Knowledge - p. 801 196. Clinical skills for neurology - p. 802 197. Introduction - p. 804 198. Clinical approach to the patient with neurological disease - p. 804 199. Functional neuroanatomy - p. 806 200. Cranial nerves - p. 809 201. Motor control systems - p. 818 202. Lower motor neurone lesions - p. 821 203. Sensory pathways and pain - p. 822 204. Bladder control and sexual dysfunction - p. 827 205. Investigation of neurological disease - p. 827 206. Unconsciousness and coma - p. 831 207. Stroke - p. 836 208. Intracranial haemorrhage - p. 845 209. Headache, migraine and facial pain - p. 848 210. Epilepsy and loss of consciousness - p. 852 211. Movement disorders - p. 859 212. Neuroinflammatory disorders - p. 864 213. Nervous system infection - p. 868 214. Hydrocephalus - p. 876 215. Traumatic brain injury - p. 877 216. Spinal cord disease - p. 878 217. Neurodegenerative diseases - p. 880 218. Congenital disorders - p. 886 219. Neurogenetic disorders - p. 886 220. Paraneoplastic syndromes - p. 887 221. Peripheral nerve disease - p. 887 222. Muscle diseases - p. 893 223. 27. Ear, nose and throat and eye disease - p. 899 224. 28. Respiratory disease - p. 927 225. Core Skills and Knowledge - p. 927 226. Clinical skills for respiratory medicine - p. 927 227. Function of the respiratory system - p. 930 228. Clinical Approach to the Patient with Respiratory Disease - p. 936 229. Diseases of the Upper Respiratory Tract - p. 945 230. Obstructive Respiratory Disease - p. 949 231. Smoking - p. 963 232. Respiratory Infection - p. 963 233. Pleural Disease - p. 972 234. Tumours of the Respiratory Tract - p. 975 235. Bronchiectasis - p. 982 236. Interstitial Lung Diseases - p. 985 237. Lung and Heart–Lung Transplantation - p. 994 238. Occupational Lung Disease - p. 995 239. Miscellaneous Respiratory Disorders - p. 997 240. Disorders of the Diaphragm - p. 997 241. Mediastinal Lesions - p. 998 242. 29. Venous thromboembolic disease - p. 1001 243. 30. Cardiology - p. 1019 244. Core Skills and Knowledge - p. 1019 245. Clinical skills for cardiology - p. 1020 246. ECG interpretation - p. 1020 247. Anatomy, physiology and embryology of the heart - p. 1023 248. Clinical approach to the patient with heart disease - p. 1028 249. Therapeutic procedures - p. 1045 250. Cardiac arrhythmias - p. 1051 251. Bradycardias and heart block - p. 1052 252. Supraventricular tachycardias - p. 1057 253. Ventricular tachyarrhythmias - p. 1063 254. Heart failure - p. 1069 255. Coronary artery disease - p. 1079 256. Angina - p. 1081 257. Acute coronary syndromes - p. 1084 258. Valvular heart disease - p. 1091 259. Aortic valve - p. 1097 260. tricuspid valve - p. 1100 261. Pulmonary valve - p. 1101 262. Prosthetic valves - p. 1102 263. Infective endocarditis - p. 1103 264. Congenital heart disease - p. 1107 265. Marfan’s syndrome - p. 1113 266. Pulmonary heart disease - p. 1115 267. Myocardial and endocardial disease - p. 1117 268. Myocardial disease - p. 1118 269. Pericardial disease - p. 1125 270. Peripheral vascular disease - p. 1128 271. Peripheral venous disease - p. 1132 272. 31. Hypertension - p. 1133 273. 32. Gastroenterology - p. 1147 274. Core Skills and Knowledge - p. 1147 275. Clinical Skills for Gastroenterology - p. 1148 276. INTRODUCTION - p. 1150 277. Anatomy and physiology of the gastrointestinal tract - p. 1150 278. Investigation of Gastrointestinal Disease - p. 1158 279. Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders - p. 1159 280. Mouth - p. 1161 281. Salivary Glands - p. 1162 282. Pharynx and Oesophagus - p. 1162 283. Stomach and Duodenum - p. 1173 284. Acute and Chronic Gastrointestinal Bleeding - p. 1181 285. Small Intestine - p. 1185 286. Inflammatory Bowel Disease - p. 1198 287. Colon and Rectum - p. 1209 288. The Acute Abdomen - p. 1220 289. Peritoneum - p. 1223 290. 33. Nutrition - p. 1225 291. Core Skills and Knowledge - p. 1225 292. Introduction - p. 1226 293. Water and Electrolyte Balance - p. 1226 294. Dietary Requirements - p. 1226 295. Protein–Energy Malnutrition - p. 1231 296. Vitamins - p. 1236 297. Fat-soluble vitamins - p. 1236 298. Water-soluble vitamins - p. 1239 299. Dietary Antioxidants - p. 1242 300. Homocysteine, cardiovascular disease and B vitamins - p. 1243 301. Minerals - p. 1244 302. Nutrition and Ageing - p. 1246 303. Obesity - p. 1247 304. Nutritional Support - p. 1253 305. Food Allergy and Food Intolerance - p. 1257 306. Alcohol - p. 1258 307. 34. Liver disease - p. 1261 308. Core Skills and Knowledge - p. 1261 309. Clinical skills for liver disease - p. 1261 310. Introduction - p. 1264 311. Anatomy of the liver and biliary system - p. 1264 312. Functions of the liver - p. 1265 313. Investigations in the patient with liver disease - p. 1268 314. Jaundice - p. 1271 315. Hepatitis - p. 1275 316. Acute hepatic failure - p. 1285 317. Autoimmune hepatitis - p. 1286 318. Drug-induced chronic hepatitis - p. 1287 319. Chronic hepatitis of unknown cause - p. 1287 320. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease - p. 1287 321. Cirrhosis - p. 1288 322. Alcoholic liver disease - p. 1303 323. Budd–chiari syndrome - p. 1304 324. Hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome - p. 1305 325. Fibropolycystic diseases - p. 1305 326. Liver abscess - p. 1305 327. Other infections of the liver - p. 1306 328. Liver disease in pregnancy - p. 1308 329. Liver tumours - p. 1308 330. Miscellaneous conditions of the liver - p. 1310 331. Drugs and the liver - p. 1310 332. 35. Biliary tract and pancreatic disease - p. 1313 333. 36. Kidney and urinary tract disease - p. 1339 334. Core Skills and Knowledge - p. 1339 335. Clinical Skills for Nephrology - p. 1339 336. Examination - p. 1341 337. Introduction - p. 1342 338. Anatomy and Physiology of the Kidney and Urinary Tract - p. 1342 339. Investigation of Renal and Urinary Tract Disease - p. 1348 340. The Glomerulus and Glomerular Disease - p. 1351 341. Kidney Involvement in Other Diseases - p. 1368 342. Hypertension and the Kidney - p. 1370 343. Other Vascular Disorders of the Kidney - p. 1372 344. Renal Calculi and Nephrocalcinosis - p. 1373 345. Urinary Tract Obstruction - p. 1376 346. Drugs and the Kidney - p. 1380 347. Urinary Tract Infection - p. 1381 348. Tubulointerstitial Nephritis - p. 1385 349. Acute Kidney Injury - p. 1387 350. Chronic Kidney Disease - p. 1392 351. Cystic Renal Disease - p. 1405 352. Tumours of the Kidney and Genitourinary Tract - p. 1406 353. Diseases of the Prostate Gland - p. 1407 354. The Urinary Tract in the Elderly - p. 1407 355. 37. Sexually transmitted infections and human immunodeficiency virus - p. 1409 356. Core Skills and Knowledge - p. 1409 357. Clinical skills for STI and HIV care - p. 1410 358. Sexually transmitted infections - p. 1413 359. Asymptomatic STI screening - p. 1413 360. Investigation of STIs - p. 1413 361. Management, prevention and control - p. 1415 362. Specific infections - p. 1416 363. Human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome - p. 1425 364. Clinical features of untreated hiv infection - p. 1429 365. Clinical approach to the patient with HIV - p. 1432 366. Management of HIV-positive patients - p. 1434 367. Specific conditions associated with HIV infection - p. 1441 368. Prevention and control of HIV infection - p. 1449 369. 38. Obstetric medicine - p. 1451 370. 39. Women’s health - p. 1463 371. 40. Men’s health - p. 1477 372. 41. Environmental medicine - p. 1487 373. Index - p. 1497 374. Normal Values - p. ES3
Now in its tenth edition, Kumar & Clark’s Clinical Medicine is fully updated and revised under a new team of editors. Featuring new chapters covering: o Diagnosis: the art of being a doctor – helping readers to develop a confident clinical method in interactions with patients o Elderly medicine, frailty and multimorbidity o Public health o Surgery o Evidence-based medicine o Sepsis and the treatment of bacterial infection o Haematological Oncology o Venous thromboembolic disease o Hypertension o Men’s health Enhanced clinical skills content has been added to most chapters - helping readers tailor history-taking and examination skills to specific specialty-based contexts. Bonus online content - including self-assessment, common clinical and international cases, cardiovascular and respiratory audio material, clinical examination videos and bite-sized topic pages covering major conditions. Heavily revised throughout with smaller chapters to ease navigation, added introductions and system overviews included for most chapters.
1. Introduction - p. 98 2. The biology of cancer - p. 98 3. Aetiology and epidemiology - p. 100 4. Screening and investigations - p. 102 5. Principles of cancer treatment - p. 106 6. Acute oncology - p. 116 7. Common solid tumour treatment - p. 118 8. Lung cancer - p. 119 9. Breast cancer - p. 121 10. Upper gastrointestinal cancers - p. 123 11. Lower gastrointestinal cancers - p. 125 12. Hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancers - p. 126 13. Urological cancers - p. 127 14. Gynaecological cancers - p. 130 15. Brain tumours - p. 132 16. Head and neck cancer - p. 133 17. Metastatic cancer of unknown primary - p. 134 18. 7. Palliative care and symptom control - p. 137 19. 8. Sepsis and the treatment of bacterial infection - p. 151 20. 9. Water balance, fluids and electrolytes - p. 169 21. 10. Critical care medicine - p. 203 22. 11. Surgery - p. 239 23. 12. Prescribing, therapeutics and toxicology - p. 251 24. 13. Global health - p. 277 25. 14. Public health - p. 285 26. 15. Geriatric medicine, frailty and multimorbidity - p. 297 27. 16. Haematology - p. 319 28. Core Skills and Knowledge - p. 319 29. Clinical skills for haematology - p. 320 30. Examination - p. 320 31. Investigations - p. 320 32. Introduction - p. 324 33. The red cell - p. 325 34. Anaemia: an introduction - p. 327 35. Microcytic anaemia - p. 328 36. Normocytic anaemia - p. 332 37. Macrocytic anaemias - p. 333 38. Anaemia due to marrow failure (aplastic anaemia) - p. 336 39. Haemolytic anaemias: an introduction - p. 338 40. Inherited haemolytic anaemia - p. 338 41. Acquired haemolytic anaemia - p. 351 42. Polycythaemia - p. 355 43. The spleen - p. 356 44. Blood transfusion - p. 357 45. Blood groups - p. 357 46. Procedure for blood transfusion in hospitals - p. 358 47. Complications of blood transfusion - p. 359 48. Strategies for the avoidance of unnecessary transfusion - p. 362 49. Blood, blood components and blood products - p. 362 50. The white cell - p. 365 51. Haemostasis - p. 367 52. Vascular disorders - p. 372 53. Platelet disorders - p. 372 54. Inherited coagulation disorders - p. 375 55. Acquired coagulation disorders - p. 377 56. 17. Haematological oncology - p. 379 57. 18. Rheumatology - p. 411 58. Core Skills and Knowledge - p. 411 59. Clinical skills for rheumatology - p. 412 60. Approach to the patient - p. 414 61. Anatomy and physiology of the normal joint - p. 414 62. Investigation of rheumatic disease - p. 415 63. Clinical conditions in rheumatology - p. 417 64. Common regional musculoskeletal problems - p. 418 65. Chronic pain syndromes - p. 429 66. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs for musculoskeletal problems - p. 431 67. Disorders of collagen - p. 432 68. Osteoarthritis - p. 433 69. Inflammatory Arthritis - p. 437 70. Rheumatoid arthritis - p. 437 71. Spondyloarthritis - p. 447 72. Infections of joints - p. 454 73. Autoimmune rheumatic diseases - p. 456 74. Systemic inflammatory vasculitis - p. 464 75. Arthritis in children - p. 467 76. Rheumatological problems seen in other diseases - p. 467 77. Miscellaneous arthropathies - p. 468 78. 19. Bone disease - p. 471 79. 20. Infectious disease - p. 487 80. Core Skills and Knowledge - p. 488 81. Core content - p. 488 82. Clinical skills for infectious disease - p. 489 83. Introduction - p. 491 84. Clinical approach to the patient with a suspected infection - p. 492 85. Epidemiology and prevention of infections - p. 502 86. Principles and mechanisms of infection - p. 509 87. Viral Infections - p. 513 88. Virus infections of the skin and mucous membranes - p. 513 89. Virus infections of the respiratory tract - p. 519 90. Systemic viral infections - p. 521 91. Virus infections of the nervous system - p. 526 92. Virus infections of the gastrointestinal tract - p. 529 93. Viral hepatitis - p. 530 94. Viruses and malignant disease - p. 530 95. Viral haemorrhagic fevers - p. 531 96. Antiviral drugs - p. 533 97. Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (Prion Diseases) - p. 535 98. Bacterial Infections - p. 535 99. Bacterial infections of the skin and soft tissues - p. 535 100. Bacterial infections of the respiratory tract - p. 537 101. Bacterial infections of the gastrointestinal tract - p. 539 102. Bacterial infections of the cardiovascular system - p. 544 103. Bacterial infections of the nervous system - p. 545 104. Bacterial bone and joint infections - p. 547 105. Bacterial infections of the urinary tract - p. 547 106. Systemic/multisystem bacterial infections - p. 547 107. Bacterial infections seen in developing and tropical countries - p. 550 108. Antibiotic therapies - p. 559 109. Fungal Infections - p. 559 110. Systemic fungal infections - p. 559 111. Subcutaneous fungal infections - p. 561 112. Superficial fungal infections - p. 562 113. Antifungal drugs - p. 562 114. Protozoal Infections - p. 563 115. Blood and tissue protozoa - p. 563 116. Gastrointestinal protozoa - p. 571 117. Helminthic Infections - p. 573 118. Nematodes - p. 574 119. Trematodes - p. 578 120. Cestodes - p. 580 121. Arthropod Ectoparasites - p. 581 122. 21. Endocrinology - p. 583 123. Core Skills and Knowledge - p. 583 124. Clinical skills for endocrinology - p. 584 125. Introduction - p. 586 126. The pituitary gland and hypothalamus - p. 591 127. Hypothalamo–Pituitary–adrenal axis - p. 598 128. The thyroid axis - p. 609 129. Hypothalamo–pituitary–gonadal axis - p. 622 130. Growth and puberty - p. 632 131. The Thirst Axis - p. 641 132. Disorders of Calcium Metabolism - p. 644 133. Hypoglycaemia in the non-diabetic patient - p. 647 134. Other endocrine disorders - p. 648 135. 22. Dermatology - p. 651 136. Core Skills and Knowledge - p. 651 137. Clinical Skills for Dermatology - p. 652 138. Introduction - p. 654 139. Skin structure and function - p. 654 140. Investigation of Skin Disease - p. 656 141. Principles of Dermatological Therapy - p. 656 142. Erythroderma and Loss of Skin Function (‘Skin Failure’) - p. 657 143. Common rashes - p. 657 144. Skin Infections - p. 669 145. Human Immunodeficiency Virus and the Skin - p. 676 146. Skin Signs of Systemic Disease - p. 677 147. Photosensitivity - p. 685 148. Blistering and Bullous Skin Disease - p. 686 149. Skin Tumours - p. 688 150. Disorders of Pigmentation - p. 693 151. Nail Disorders - p. 694 152. Hair Disorders - p. 694 153. Birth Marks and Neonatal Rashes - p. 695 154. Drug Eruptions - p. 696 155. 23. Diabetes mellitus - p. 699 156. Core Skills and Knowledge - p. 699 157. Clinical skills for diabetes mellitus - p. 699 158. Introduction - p. 702 159. Physiology of insulin structure, secretion and action - p. 702 160. Classification of diabetes - p. 704 161. Clinical Approach to the Patient With Diabetes - p. 710 162. Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes - p. 711 163. Management of diabetes - p. 711 164. Diabetic metabolic emergencies - p. 722 165. Complications of diabetes - p. 725 166. Psychosocial Implications of Diabetes - p. 736 167. Diabetes in special situations - p. 737 168. Organization of diabetes care - p. 741 169. 24. Lipid and metabolic disorders - p. 743 170. 25. Liaison psychiatry - p. 763 171. Core Skills and Knowledge - p. 763 172. Introduction - p. 763 173. Clinical approach to the patient with a psychiatric disorder - p. 764 174. Classification of psychiatric disorders - p. 768 175. Aetiology of psychiatric disorders - p. 768 176. Psychiatric aspects of physical diseases - p. 768 177. Sick role and illness behaviour - p. 769 178. Functional somatic syndromes - p. 769 179. Somatoform disorders - p. 772 180. Dissociative/conversion disorders - p. 773 181. Sleep difficulties - p. 775 182. Mood (affective) disorders - p. 776 183. Suicide and self-harm - p. 784 184. Anxiety disorders - p. 785 185. Alcohol misuse and dependence - p. 790 186. Drug misuse and dependence - p. 792 187. Schizophrenia - p. 794 188. Organic mental disorders - p. 796 189. Eating disorders - p. 797 190. Sexual disorders - p. 798 191. Personality disorders - p. 799 192. Involuntary Detention - p. 800 193. Mental Capacity Act - p. 800 194. 26. Neurology - p. 801 195. Core Skills and Knowledge - p. 801 196. Clinical skills for neurology - p. 802 197. Introduction - p. 804 198. Clinical approach to the patient with neurological disease - p. 804 199. Functional neuroanatomy - p. 806 200. Cranial nerves - p. 809 201. Motor control systems - p. 818 202. Lower motor neurone lesions - p. 821 203. Sensory pathways and pain - p. 822 204. Bladder control and sexual dysfunction - p. 827 205. Investigation of neurological disease - p. 827 206. Unconsciousness and coma - p. 831 207. Stroke - p. 836 208. Intracranial haemorrhage - p. 845 209. Headache, migraine and facial pain - p. 848 210. Epilepsy and loss of consciousness - p. 852 211. Movement disorders - p. 859 212. Neuroinflammatory disorders - p. 864 213. Nervous system infection - p. 868 214. Hydrocephalus - p. 876 215. Traumatic brain injury - p. 877 216. Spinal cord disease - p. 878 217. Neurodegenerative diseases - p. 880 218. Congenital disorders - p. 886 219. Neurogenetic disorders - p. 886 220. Paraneoplastic syndromes - p. 887 221. Peripheral nerve disease - p. 887 222. Muscle diseases - p. 893 223. 27. Ear, nose and throat and eye disease - p. 899 224. 28. Respiratory disease - p. 927 225. Core Skills and Knowledge - p. 927 226. Clinical skills for respiratory medicine - p. 927 227. Function of the respiratory system - p. 930 228. Clinical Approach to the Patient with Respiratory Disease - p. 936 229. Diseases of the Upper Respiratory Tract - p. 945 230. Obstructive Respiratory Disease - p. 949 231. Smoking - p. 963 232. Respiratory Infection - p. 963 233. Pleural Disease - p. 972 234. Tumours of the Respiratory Tract - p. 975 235. Bronchiectasis - p. 982 236. Interstitial Lung Diseases - p. 985 237. Lung and Heart–Lung Transplantation - p. 994 238. Occupational Lung Disease - p. 995 239. Miscellaneous Respiratory Disorders - p. 997 240. Disorders of the Diaphragm - p. 997 241. Mediastinal Lesions - p. 998 242. 29. Venous thromboembolic disease - p. 1001 243. 30. Cardiology - p. 1019 244. Core Skills and Knowledge - p. 1019 245. Clinical skills for cardiology - p. 1020 246. ECG interpretation - p. 1020 247. Anatomy, physiology and embryology of the heart - p. 1023 248. Clinical approach to the patient with heart disease - p. 1028 249. Therapeutic procedures - p. 1045 250. Cardiac arrhythmias - p. 1051 251. Bradycardias and heart block - p. 1052 252. Supraventricular tachycardias - p. 1057 253. Ventricular tachyarrhythmias - p. 1063 254. Heart failure - p. 1069 255. Coronary artery disease - p. 1079 256. Angina - p. 1081 257. Acute coronary syndromes - p. 1084 258. Valvular heart disease - p. 1091 259. Aortic valve - p. 1097 260. tricuspid valve - p. 1100 261. Pulmonary valve - p. 1101 262. Prosthetic valves - p. 1102 263. Infective endocarditis - p. 1103 264. Congenital heart disease - p. 1107 265. Marfan’s syndrome - p. 1113 266. Pulmonary heart disease - p. 1115 267. Myocardial and endocardial disease - p. 1117 268. Myocardial disease - p. 1118 269. Pericardial disease - p. 1125 270. Peripheral vascular disease - p. 1128 271. Peripheral venous disease - p. 1132 272. 31. Hypertension - p. 1133 273. 32. Gastroenterology - p. 1147 274. Core Skills and Knowledge - p. 1147 275. Clinical Skills for Gastroenterology - p. 1148 276. INTRODUCTION - p. 1150 277. Anatomy and physiology of the gastrointestinal tract - p. 1150 278. Investigation of Gastrointestinal Disease - p. 1158 279. Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders - p. 1159 280. Mouth - p. 1161 281. Salivary Glands - p. 1162 282. Pharynx and Oesophagus - p. 1162 283. Stomach and Duodenum - p. 1173 284. Acute and Chronic Gastrointestinal Bleeding - p. 1181 285. Small Intestine - p. 1185 286. Inflammatory Bowel Disease - p. 1198 287. Colon and Rectum - p. 1209 288. The Acute Abdomen - p. 1220 289. Peritoneum - p. 1223 290. 33. Nutrition - p. 1225 291. Core Skills and Knowledge - p. 1225 292. Introduction - p. 1226 293. Water and Electrolyte Balance - p. 1226 294. Dietary Requirements - p. 1226 295. Protein–Energy Malnutrition - p. 1231 296. Vitamins - p. 1236 297. Fat-soluble vitamins - p. 1236 298. Water-soluble vitamins - p. 1239 299. Dietary Antioxidants - p. 1242 300. Homocysteine, cardiovascular disease and B vitamins - p. 1243 301. Minerals - p. 1244 302. Nutrition and Ageing - p. 1246 303. Obesity - p. 1247 304. Nutritional Support - p. 1253 305. Food Allergy and Food Intolerance - p. 1257 306. Alcohol - p. 1258 307. 34. Liver disease - p. 1261 308. Core Skills and Knowledge - p. 1261 309. Clinical skills for liver disease - p. 1261 310. Introduction - p. 1264 311. Anatomy of the liver and biliary system - p. 1264 312. Functions of the liver - p. 1265 313. Investigations in the patient with liver disease - p. 1268 314. Jaundice - p. 1271 315. Hepatitis - p. 1275 316. Acute hepatic failure - p. 1285 317. Autoimmune hepatitis - p. 1286 318. Drug-induced chronic hepatitis - p. 1287 319. Chronic hepatitis of unknown cause - p. 1287 320. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease - p. 1287 321. Cirrhosis - p. 1288 322. Alcoholic liver disease - p. 1303 323. Budd–chiari syndrome - p. 1304 324. Hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome - p. 1305 325. Fibropolycystic diseases - p. 1305 326. Liver abscess - p. 1305 327. Other infections of the liver - p. 1306 328. Liver disease in pregnancy - p. 1308 329. Liver tumours - p. 1308 330. Miscellaneous conditions of the liver - p. 1310 331. Drugs and the liver - p. 1310 332. 35. Biliary tract and pancreatic disease - p. 1313 333. 36. Kidney and urinary tract disease - p. 1339 334. Core Skills and Knowledge - p. 1339 335. Clinical Skills for Nephrology - p. 1339 336. Examination - p. 1341 337. Introduction - p. 1342 338. Anatomy and Physiology of the Kidney and Urinary Tract - p. 1342 339. Investigation of Renal and Urinary Tract Disease - p. 1348 340. The Glomerulus and Glomerular Disease - p. 1351 341. Kidney Involvement in Other Diseases - p. 1368 342. Hypertension and the Kidney - p. 1370 343. Other Vascular Disorders of the Kidney - p. 1372 344. Renal Calculi and Nephrocalcinosis - p. 1373 345. Urinary Tract Obstruction - p. 1376 346. Drugs and the Kidney - p. 1380 347. Urinary Tract Infection - p. 1381 348. Tubulointerstitial Nephritis - p. 1385 349. Acute Kidney Injury - p. 1387 350. Chronic Kidney Disease - p. 1392 351. Cystic Renal Disease - p. 1405 352. Tumours of the Kidney and Genitourinary Tract - p. 1406 353. Diseases of the Prostate Gland - p. 1407 354. The Urinary Tract in the Elderly - p. 1407 355. 37. Sexually transmitted infections and human immunodeficiency virus - p. 1409 356. Core Skills and Knowledge - p. 1409 357. Clinical skills for STI and HIV care - p. 1410 358. Sexually transmitted infections - p. 1413 359. Asymptomatic STI screening - p. 1413 360. Investigation of STIs - p. 1413 361. Management, prevention and control - p. 1415 362. Specific infections - p. 1416 363. Human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome - p. 1425 364. Clinical features of untreated hiv infection - p. 1429 365. Clinical approach to the patient with HIV - p. 1432 366. Management of HIV-positive patients - p. 1434 367. Specific conditions associated with HIV infection - p. 1441 368. Prevention and control of HIV infection - p. 1449 369. 38. Obstetric medicine - p. 1451 370. 39. Women’s health - p. 1463 371. 40. Men’s health - p. 1477 372. 41. Environmental medicine - p. 1487 373. Index - p. 1497 374. Normal Values - p. ES3
