Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science provides a forum for discussion of new discoveries, approaches, and ideas in molecular biology and translational science. It contains contributions from leaders in their fields and abundant references. This volume focuses on translational control in health and disease.
* Contributions from leading scholars and industry experts * Reference guide for researchers involved in molecular biology and related fields
1. I. Introduction 2. II. Initiation Pathway Overview 3. III. Generating a Pool of 40S Ribosomal Subunits 4. IV. Preparing the 40S Subunit for Binding mRNA 5. V. eIF1 and eIF1A 6. VI. Initiator tRNA Recruitment to the 40S Subunit 7. VII. Regulating Ternary Complex Availability 8. VIII. The Role of eIF3 in 43S Complex Formation 9. IX. eIF5 10. X. Controlling mRNA Recruitment to the 40S Subunit 11. XI. Eukaryotic mRNA Characteristics 12. XII. Recruitment of mRNA to the 43S Complex 13. XIII. Ribosomal Scanning and Initiation Codon Recognition 14. XIV. Ribosomal Subunit Joining 15. XV. Regulating the Initiation Pathway 16. XVI. The Mechanism of Translation Elongation 17. XVII. Translation Termination 18. XVIII. Perspectives 19. Chapter 2 Cell Signaling in Protein Synthesis 20. I. Introduction 21. II. Translation: The Regulated Steps of Ribosome Biogenesis and Translation Initiation and Elongation 22. III. Signaling Pathways that Control Translation 23. IV. Signaling and Translation Initiation 24. V. Signaling and Elongation 25. VI. Signaling and Ribosome Biogenesis 26. Acknowledgments 27. Chapter 3 Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinase 28. I. S6 Kinases 29. II. S6K Substrates and Interactors 30. III. Does S6K Regulate the Translation Efficiency of TOP mRNAs? 31. IV. Physiological Roles of S6K 32. V. Concluding Remarks 33. Acknowledgments 34. Chapter 4 Regulation of Translation by Stress Granules and Processing Bodies 35. I. Introduction 36. II. Early History of Stress Granules 37. III. Stress Granules—Basic Attributes 38. IV. Processing Bodies/EGP Bodies/SGs in Yeast 39. V. Metazoan PBs Versus GWBs 40. VI. SG Assembly—Mechanisms and Model 41. VII. Functions and Consequences of SG/PB Assembly 42. VIII. SG/PB Dynamics 43. IX. SGs and PBs in Disease 44. X. Conclusions 45. Chapter 5 MicroRNA-Mediated Gene Silencing 46. I. Introduction 47. II. Biogenesis of MicroRNAs 48. III. Mechanisms of MicroRNA-Mediated Regulation 49. IV. Subversion of Liver-Specific MicroRNA miR-122 by HCV 50. V. Antagomir Approaches to Study MicroRNA Targets 51. VI. Concluding Remarks 52. Chapter 6 Translational Control During Early Development 53. I. Introduction 54. II. Essential Background 55. III. Translational Control Mechanisms that Pattern the Early Drosophila Embryo 56. IV. Cytoplasmic Regulation of Polyadenylation: A Widespread Mechanism of Translational Control Underlying Cellular Asymmetries 57. V. Polar Granules, P Granules, and Related Germline-Specific Organelles as Sites of Specialized Translation 58. VI. Translational Regulation of Maternal mRNAs Outside P Granules in C. elegans 59. VII. Translational Control of Localized mRNAs in the Xenopus Oocyte 60. VIII. Links Between Embryonic Translational Regulators and Human Disease 61. IX. Concluding Thoughts 62. Acknowledgments 63. Chapter 7 The Regulation of Protein Synthesis in Cancer 64. I. Historical Evidence for the Role of Protein Synthesis in Cancer 65. II. Translation Initiation 66. III. The Role of eIF3 in Cancer Development 67. IV. Role of eIF2 in Cancer Development and Progression 68. V. Ribosome Biogenesis in Cancer Development 69. VI. Translational Regulation by mRNA 5′- and 3′-UTRs 70. VII. Signal Transduction Control of Translation in Cancer 71. VIII. Concluding Thoughts 72. Acknowledgments 73. Chapter 8 Translational Regulatory Mechanisms in Synaptic Plasticity and Memory Storage 74. I. Synaptic Plasticity Control by eIF2 75. II. GCN2-Mediated eIF2α Phosphorylation in Long-Lasting Synaptic Plasticity and LTM Consolidation 76. III. eIF2α Phosphorylation and Alzheimer's Disease 77. IV. Regulation by mTOR 78. V. Regulation of Protein Synthesis-Dependent Synaptic Plasticity and Memory Consolidation by 4E-BP2 and S6K1 and S6K2 79. VI. Altered mTOR Signaling and Autism Spectrum Disorders 80. VII. FMRP and Long-Lasting Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity 81. VIII. Translational Control by FMRP 82. IX. The Exon Junction Complex and the Regulation of Synaptic Strength 83. X. CPEB-Regulated Molecular Circuitry 84. XI. Perspective 85. Chapter 9 Viral Strategies to Subvert the Mammalian Translation Machinery 86. I. Introduction 87. II. Viral Modification of Host Translation Machinery 88. III. Novel Mechanisms that Permit the Synthesis of Viral Proteins 89. IV. Mechanisms to Overcome Host-Mediated Translational Shut Down Caused by Phosphorylation of eIF2 90. V. General Conclusions 91. Acknowledgments 92. Chapter 10 RNA Aptamers to Translational Components 93. I. Introduction 94. II. Aptamers to Translational Components 95. III. Other Tools for the Regulation of Translation 96. IV. Summary and Perspectives 97. Acknowledgments
Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science provides a forum for discussion of new discoveries, approaches, and ideas in molecular biology and translational science. It contains contributions from leaders in their fields and abundant references. This volume focuses on translational control in health and disease.
* Contributions from leading scholars and industry experts * Reference guide for researchers involved in molecular biology and related fields
1. I. Introduction 2. II. Initiation Pathway Overview 3. III. Generating a Pool of 40S Ribosomal Subunits 4. IV. Preparing the 40S Subunit for Binding mRNA 5. V. eIF1 and eIF1A 6. VI. Initiator tRNA Recruitment to the 40S Subunit 7. VII. Regulating Ternary Complex Availability 8. VIII. The Role of eIF3 in 43S Complex Formation 9. IX. eIF5 10. X. Controlling mRNA Recruitment to the 40S Subunit 11. XI. Eukaryotic mRNA Characteristics 12. XII. Recruitment of mRNA to the 43S Complex 13. XIII. Ribosomal Scanning and Initiation Codon Recognition 14. XIV. Ribosomal Subunit Joining 15. XV. Regulating the Initiation Pathway 16. XVI. The Mechanism of Translation Elongation 17. XVII. Translation Termination 18. XVIII. Perspectives 19. Chapter 2 Cell Signaling in Protein Synthesis 20. I. Introduction 21. II. Translation: The Regulated Steps of Ribosome Biogenesis and Translation Initiation and Elongation 22. III. Signaling Pathways that Control Translation 23. IV. Signaling and Translation Initiation 24. V. Signaling and Elongation 25. VI. Signaling and Ribosome Biogenesis 26. Acknowledgments 27. Chapter 3 Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinase 28. I. S6 Kinases 29. II. S6K Substrates and Interactors 30. III. Does S6K Regulate the Translation Efficiency of TOP mRNAs? 31. IV. Physiological Roles of S6K 32. V. Concluding Remarks 33. Acknowledgments 34. Chapter 4 Regulation of Translation by Stress Granules and Processing Bodies 35. I. Introduction 36. II. Early History of Stress Granules 37. III. Stress Granules—Basic Attributes 38. IV. Processing Bodies/EGP Bodies/SGs in Yeast 39. V. Metazoan PBs Versus GWBs 40. VI. SG Assembly—Mechanisms and Model 41. VII. Functions and Consequences of SG/PB Assembly 42. VIII. SG/PB Dynamics 43. IX. SGs and PBs in Disease 44. X. Conclusions 45. Chapter 5 MicroRNA-Mediated Gene Silencing 46. I. Introduction 47. II. Biogenesis of MicroRNAs 48. III. Mechanisms of MicroRNA-Mediated Regulation 49. IV. Subversion of Liver-Specific MicroRNA miR-122 by HCV 50. V. Antagomir Approaches to Study MicroRNA Targets 51. VI. Concluding Remarks 52. Chapter 6 Translational Control During Early Development 53. I. Introduction 54. II. Essential Background 55. III. Translational Control Mechanisms that Pattern the Early Drosophila Embryo 56. IV. Cytoplasmic Regulation of Polyadenylation: A Widespread Mechanism of Translational Control Underlying Cellular Asymmetries 57. V. Polar Granules, P Granules, and Related Germline-Specific Organelles as Sites of Specialized Translation 58. VI. Translational Regulation of Maternal mRNAs Outside P Granules in C. elegans 59. VII. Translational Control of Localized mRNAs in the Xenopus Oocyte 60. VIII. Links Between Embryonic Translational Regulators and Human Disease 61. IX. Concluding Thoughts 62. Acknowledgments 63. Chapter 7 The Regulation of Protein Synthesis in Cancer 64. I. Historical Evidence for the Role of Protein Synthesis in Cancer 65. II. Translation Initiation 66. III. The Role of eIF3 in Cancer Development 67. IV. Role of eIF2 in Cancer Development and Progression 68. V. Ribosome Biogenesis in Cancer Development 69. VI. Translational Regulation by mRNA 5′- and 3′-UTRs 70. VII. Signal Transduction Control of Translation in Cancer 71. VIII. Concluding Thoughts 72. Acknowledgments 73. Chapter 8 Translational Regulatory Mechanisms in Synaptic Plasticity and Memory Storage 74. I. Synaptic Plasticity Control by eIF2 75. II. GCN2-Mediated eIF2α Phosphorylation in Long-Lasting Synaptic Plasticity and LTM Consolidation 76. III. eIF2α Phosphorylation and Alzheimer's Disease 77. IV. Regulation by mTOR 78. V. Regulation of Protein Synthesis-Dependent Synaptic Plasticity and Memory Consolidation by 4E-BP2 and S6K1 and S6K2 79. VI. Altered mTOR Signaling and Autism Spectrum Disorders 80. VII. FMRP and Long-Lasting Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity 81. VIII. Translational Control by FMRP 82. IX. The Exon Junction Complex and the Regulation of Synaptic Strength 83. X. CPEB-Regulated Molecular Circuitry 84. XI. Perspective 85. Chapter 9 Viral Strategies to Subvert the Mammalian Translation Machinery 86. I. Introduction 87. II. Viral Modification of Host Translation Machinery 88. III. Novel Mechanisms that Permit the Synthesis of Viral Proteins 89. IV. Mechanisms to Overcome Host-Mediated Translational Shut Down Caused by Phosphorylation of eIF2 90. V. General Conclusions 91. Acknowledgments 92. Chapter 10 RNA Aptamers to Translational Components 93. I. Introduction 94. II. Aptamers to Translational Components 95. III. Other Tools for the Regulation of Translation 96. IV. Summary and Perspectives 97. Acknowledgments
