Year Book of Sports Medicine 2012

1. Cover image - p. 1 2. Title page - p. 2 3. Table of Contents - p. 3 4. Chapter 1 Physical Exercise, Body Mass Index, and Risk of Chronic Pain in the Low Back and Neck/Shoulders: Longitudinal Data From the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study - p. 10 5. Chapter 2 Review: Exercise/physical therapy and vitamin D each reduce risk for falls in older community-dwelling adults - p. 11 6. Chapter 3 Rib Stress Fractures Among Rowers: Definition, Epidemiology, Mechanisms, Risk Factors and Effectiveness of Injury Prevention Strategies - p. 12 7. Chapter 4 Risk of injury associated with bodychecking experience among youth hockey players - p. 13 8. Chapter 5 Risk of injury associated with bodychecking experience among youth hockey players - p. 14 9. Chapter 6 The Chronic Effects of Concussion on Gait - p. 15 10. Chapter 7 A prospective study of concussions among National Hockey League players during regular season games: the NHL-NHLPA Concussion Program - p. 16 11. Chapter 8 Diagnosing Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Where Are We Now? - p. 17 12. Chapter 9 The National Football League and Concussion: Leading a Culture Change in Contact Sports - p. 18 13. Chapter 10 Do Somatic and Cognitive Symptoms of Traumatic Brain Injury Confound Depression Screening? - p. 19 14. Chapter 11 Concussive symptoms in emergency department patients diagnosed with minor head injury - p. 20 15. Chapter 12 Sport-Related Concussions: Knowledge Translation Among Minor Hockey Coaches - p. 21 16. Chapter 13 Evidence-based Community Consultation for Traumatic Brain Injury - p. 22 17. Chapter 14 Can a clinical test of reaction time predict a functional head-protective response? - p. 23 18. Chapter 15 Impact of Pharmacological Treatments on Cognitive and Behavioral Outcome in the Postacute Stages of Adult Traumatic Brain Injury: A Meta-Analysis - p. 24 19. Chapter 16 Boxing Injuries Presenting to U.S. Emergency Departments, 1990-2008 - p. 25 20. Chapter 17 Evaluation of pituitary function after traumatic brain injury in childhood - p. 26 21. Chapter 18 Trends in Concussion Incidence in High School Sports: A Prospective 11-Year Study - p. 27 22. Chapter 19 Which On-field Signs/Symptoms Predict Protracted Recovery From Sport-Related Concussion Among High School Football Players? - p. 28 23. Chapter 20 Traumatic Brain Injury in Children and Adolescents: Surveillance for Pituitary Dysfunction - p. 29 24. Chapter 21 Physician Concussion Knowledge and the Effect of Mailing the CDC’s “Heads Up” Toolkit - p. 30 25. Chapter 22 Assessment and Management of Sport-Related Concussions in United States High Schools - p. 31 26. Chapter 23 Cognitive impairment 3 months after moderate and severe traumatic brain injury: a prospective follow-up study - p. 32 27. Chapter 24 The King-Devick test as a determinant of head trauma and concussion in boxers and MMA fighters - p. 33 28. Chapter 25 The King-Devick test and sports-related concussion: Study of a rapid visual screening tool in a collegiate cohort - p. 34 29. Chapter 26 Early Indicators of Enduring Symptoms in High School Athletes With Multiple Previous Concussions - p. 35 30. Chapter 27 Concussion (Mild Traumatic Brain Injury) and the Team Physician: A Consensus Statement—2011 Update - p. 36 31. Chapter 28 Traumatic Brain Injury: Is the Pituitary Out of Harm's Way? - p. 37 32. Chapter 29 S100b immunoassay: an assessment of diagnostic utility in minor head trauma - p. 38 33. Chapter 30 The Influence of Musculoskeletal Injury on Cognition: Implications for Concussion Research - p. 39 34. Chapter 31 Mechanisms of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in World Cup Alpine Skiing: A Systematic Video Analysis of 20 Cases - p. 40 35. Chapter 32 Functional assessment of proximal arm muscles by target-reaching movements in patients with cervical myelopathy - p. 41 36. Chapter 33 Self-Management of Persistent Neck Pain: Two-Year Follow-up of a Randomized Controlled Trial of a Multicomponent Group Intervention in Primary Health Care - p. 42 37. Chapter 34 Assessment of dynamic humeral centering in shoulder pain with impingement syndrome: a randomised clinical trial - p. 43 38. Chapter 35 Comparison of High-Power Pain Threshold Ultrasound Therapy With Local Injection in the Treatment of Active Myofascial Trigger Points of the Upper Trapezius Muscle - p. 44 39. Chapter 36 Clavicular Fracture in a Collegiate Football Player: A Case Report of Rapid Return to Play - p. 45 40. Chapter 37 Does Platelet-Rich Plasma Accelerate Recovery After Rotator Cuff Repair? A Prospective Cohort Study - p. 46 41. Chapter 38 Matched-Cohort Study of Body Composition, Physical Function, and Quality of Life in Men With Idiopathic Vertebral Fracture - p. 47 42. Chapter 39 Safety of “pain exposure” physical therapy in patients with complex regional pain syndrome type 1 - p. 48 43. Chapter 40 The efficacy, safety, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of ultrasound and shock wave therapies for low back pain: a systematic review - p. 49 44. Chapter 41 Aerobic Exercise Training in Addition to Conventional Physiotherapy for Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial - p. 50 45. Chapter 42 The McKenzie Method Compared With Manipulation When Used Adjunctive to Information and Advice in Low Back Pain Patients Presenting With Centralization or Peripheralization: A Randomized Controlled Trial - p. 51 46. Chapter 43 Rapid Enlargement of Elastofibroma Dorsi After Physical Therapy - p. 52 47. Chapter 44 Physiotherapy Rehabilitation Post First Lumbar Discectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials - p. 53 48. Chapter 45 Change in Psychosocial Distress Associated With Pain and Functional Status Outcomes in Patients With Lumbar Impairments Referred to Physical Therapy Services - p. 54 49. Chapter 46 Bone Quality and Muscle Strength in Female Athletes with Lower Limb Stress Fractures - p. 55 50. Chapter 47 The Effects of Isolated Hip Abductor and External Rotator Muscle Strengthening on Pain, Health Status, and Hip Strength in Females With Patellofemoral Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial - p. 56 51. Chapter 48 Platelet-Rich Plasma Treatment for Ligament and Tendon Injuries - p. 57 52. Chapter 49 Treatment of Proximal Hamstring Ruptures – A Systematic Review - p. 58 53. Chapter 50 Single-Legged Hop Tests as Predictors of Self-Reported Knee Function in Nonoperatively Treated Individuals With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury - p. 59 54. Chapter 51 Effects of an Age-Specific Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Prevention Program on Lower Extremity Biomechanics in Children - p. 60 55. Chapter 52 Exercise Dosing to Retain Resistance Training Adaptations in Young and Older Adults - p. 61 56. Chapter 53 Anatomy, Function, Injuries, and Treatment of the Long Head of the Biceps Brachii Tendon - p. 62 57. Chapter 54 Interactive Processes Link the Multiple Symptoms of Fatigue in Sport Competition - p. 63 58. Chapter 55 ISSLS Prize Winner: Smudging the Motor Brain in Young Adults With Recurrent Low Back Pain - p. 64 59. Chapter 56 Effects of Strength Training on Motor Performance Skills in Children and Adolescents: A Meta-Analysis - p. 65 60. Chapter 57 Antioxidant Supplementation Reduces Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Biogenesis - p. 66 61. Chapter 58 Metabolic muscle damage and oxidative stress markers in an America's Cup yachting crew - p. 67 62. Chapter 59 Training in the fasted state facilitates re-activation of eEF2 activity during recovery from endurance exercise - p. 68 63. Chapter 60 Changes in Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Cortical Activation with Cross Education to an Immobilized Limb - p. 69 64. Chapter 61 Extracellular Matrix and Myofibrils During Unloading and Reloading of Skeletal Muscle - p. 70 65. Chapter 62 Strength Training with Blood Flow Restriction Diminishes Myostatin Gene Expression - p. 71 66. Chapter 63 Single-leg cycle training is superior to double-leg cycling in improving the oxidative potential and metabolic profile of trained skeletal muscle - p. 72 67. Chapter 64 Relations of Meeting National Public Health Recommendations for Muscular Strengthening Activities With Strength, Body Composition, and Obesity: The Women's Injury Study - p. 73 68. Chapter 65 Conditioning of the Achilles tendon via ankle exercise improves correlations between sonographic measures of tendon thickness and body anthropometry - p. 74 69. Chapter 66 Stretching before or after exercise does not reduce delayed-onset muscle soreness - p. 75 70. Chapter 67 Effects of physiotherapy treatment on knee osteoarthritis gait data using principal component analysis - p. 76 71. Chapter 68 Efficacy of physiotherapy interventions late after stroke: a meta-analysis - p. 77 72. Chapter 69 Extra Physical Therapy Reduces Patient Length of Stay and Improves Functional Outcomes and Quality of Life in People With Acute or Subacute Conditions: A Systematic Review - p. 78 73. Chapter 70 Clinical features and outcome of physiotherapy in early presenting congenital muscular torticollis with severe fibrosis on ultrasonography: a prospective study - p. 79 74. Chapter 71 Comparison of adaptive pacing therapy, cognitive behaviour therapy, graded exercise therapy, and specialist medical care for chronic fatigue syndrome (PACE): a randomised trial - p. 80 75. Chapter 72 Use of weekly, low dose, high frequency ultrasound for hard to heal venous leg ulcers: the VenUS III randomised controlled trial - p. 81 76. Chapter 73 Effects of an 8-Month Exercise Training Program on Off-Exercise Physical Activity - p. 82 77. Chapter 74 Physical activity in Ontario preschoolers: prevalence and measurement issues - p. 83 78. Chapter 75 Recommended aerobic fitness level for metabolic health in children and adolescents: a study of diagnostic accuracy - p. 84 79. Chapter 76 Improved physical function and physical activity in older adults following a community-based intervention: Relationships with a history of depression - p. 85 80. Chapter 77 Elevators or stairs? - p. 86 81. Chapter 78 Use of a New Public Bicycle Share Program in Montreal, Canada - p. 87 82. Chapter 79 Electric Bicycles as a New Active Transportation Modality to Promote Health - p. 88 83. Chapter 80 Sleep Duration or Bedtime? Exploring the Relationship between Sleep Habits and Weight Status and Activity Patterns - p. 89 84. Chapter 81 2011 Compendium of Physical Activities: A Second Update of Codes and MET Values - p. 90 85. Chapter 82 Comparative Validity of Physical Activity Measures in Older Adults - p. 91 86. Chapter 83 Low-Risk Lifestyle Behaviors and All-Cause Mortality: Findings From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III Mortality Study - p. 92 87. Chapter 84 The challenge of low physical activity during the school day: at recess, lunch and in physical education - p. 93 88. Chapter 85 Physical Activity During Youth Sports Practices - p. 94 89. Chapter 86 Physical Activity and Other Health-Risk Behaviors During the Transition Into Early Adulthood: A Longitudinal Cohort Study - p. 95 90. Chapter 87 Adherence to the 2008 Adult Physical Activity Guidelines and Mortality Risk - p. 96 91. Chapter 88 Adherence to the 2008 Adult Physical Activity Guidelines and Mortality Risk - p. 97 92. Chapter 89 Adherence to the 2008 Adult Physical Activity Guidelines and Mortality Risk - p. 98 93. Chapter 90 Increase in sudden death from coronary artery disease in young adults - p. 99 94. Chapter 91 Increased Average Longevity among the “Tour de France” Cyclists - p. 100 95. Chapter 92 Using the Tax System to Promote Physical Activity: Critical Analysis of Canadian Initiatives - p. 101 96. Chapter 93 Cost-effectiveness of exercise on prescription with telephone support among women in general practice over 2 years - p. 102 97. Chapter 94 The Effects of Time and Intensity of Exercise on Novel and Established Markers of CVD in Adolescent Youth - p. 103 98. Chapter 95 Comparisons of leisure-time physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness as predictors of all-cause mortality in men and women - p. 104 99. Chapter 96 Comparisons of leisure-time physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness as predictors of all-cause mortality in men and women - p. 105 100. Chapter 97 Minimum amount of physical activity for reduced mortality and extended life expectancy: a prospective cohort study - p. 106 101. Chapter 98 Depressive symptoms, physical inactivity and risk of cardiovascular mortality in older adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study - p. 107 102. Chapter 99 Impact of Body Mass Index, Physical Activity, and Other Clinical Factors on Cardiorespiratory Fitness (from the Cooper Center Longitudinal Study) - p. 108 103. Chapter 100 Impact of an Active Video Game on Healthy Children’s Physical Activity - p. 109 104. Chapter 101 Only lower limb controlled interactive computer gaming enables an effective increase in energy expenditure - p. 110 105. Chapter 102 Sufficient Sleep, Physical Activity, and Sedentary Behaviors - p. 111 106. Chapter 103 US Adolescent Nutrition, Exercise, and Screen Time Baseline Levels Prior to National Recommendations - p. 112 107. Chapter 104 Sedentary Activity Associated With Metabolic Syndrome Independent of Physical Activity - p. 113 108. Chapter 105 Physical activity levels, ownership of goods promoting sedentary behaviour and risk of myocardial infarction: results of the INTERHEART study - p. 114 109. Chapter 106 Body Mass Index and Physical Activity in Relation to the Incidence of Hip Fracture in Postmenopausal Women - p. 115 110. Chapter 107 A new VO2max protocol allowing self-pacing in maximal incremental exercise - p. 116 111. Chapter 108 Validity of the 6 min walk test in prediction of the anaerobic threshold before major non-cardiac surgery - p. 117 112. Chapter 109 Left atrial volume index in highly trained athletes - p. 118 113. Chapter 110 The Effect of Nitric-Oxide-Related Supplements on Human Performance - p. 119 114. Chapter 111 Modeling the Association between HR Variability and Illness in Elite Swimmers - p. 120 115. Chapter 112 Changes in salivary antimicrobial peptides, immunoglobulin A and cortisol after prolonged strenuous exercise - p. 121 116. Chapter 113 Nonalcoholic Beer Reduces Inflammation and Incidence of Respiratory Tract Illness - p. 122 117. Chapter 114 Nonalcoholic Beer Reduces Inflammation and Incidence of Respiratory Tract Illness - p. 123 118. Chapter 115 Mucosal Immune Responses to Treadmill Exercise in Elite Wheelchair Athletes - p. 124 119. Chapter 116 Nonprescribed physical activity energy expenditure is maintained with structured exercise and implicates a compensatory increase in energy intake - p. 125 120. Chapter 117 Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity and Sedentary Time and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Children and Adolescents - p. 126 121. Chapter 118 Relationship Between Active School Transport and Body Mass Index in Grades-4-to-6 Children - p. 127 122. Chapter 119 Metabolic flexibility and obesity in children and youth - p. 128 123. Chapter 120 Association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms and obesity and hypertension in early adulthood: a population-based study - p. 129 124. Chapter 121 Pericardial Fat Loss in Postmenopausal Women under Conditions of Equal Energy Deficit - p. 130 125. Chapter 122 Is lost lean mass from intentional weight loss recovered during weight regain in postmenopausal women? - p. 131 126. Chapter 123 Overweight Adults May Have the Lowest Mortality—Do They Have the Best Health? - p. 132 127. Chapter 124 Physical activity and gain in abdominal adiposity and body weight: prospective cohort study in 288,498 men and women - p. 133 128. Chapter 125 Startup Circuit Training Program Reduces Metabolic Risk in Latino Adolescents - p. 134 129. Chapter 126 Separate and combined associations of body-mass index and abdominal adiposity with cardiovascular disease: collaborative analysis of 58 prospective studies - p. 135 130. Chapter 127 The Effect of Time-of-Day and Ramadan Fasting on Anaerobic Performances - p. 136 131. Chapter 128 Continuous glucose monitoring system during physical exercise in adolescents with type 1 diabetes - p. 137 132. Chapter 129 Physical Activity Advice Only or Structured Exercise Training and Association With HbA1c Levels in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis - p. 138 133. Chapter 130 Physical Activity Advice Only or Structured Exercise Training and Association With HbA1c Levels in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis - p. 139 134. Chapter 131 Acute Calcium Ingestion Attenuates Exercise-Induced Disruption of Calcium Homeostasis - p. 140 135. Chapter 132 Effect of Mouth-Rinsing Carbohydrate Solutions on Endurance Performance - p. 141 136. Chapter 133 Effect of a 2-h hyperglycemic–hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp to promote glucose storage on endurance exercise performance - p. 142 137. Chapter 134 Urine Concentrations of Repetitive Doses of Inhaled Salbutamol - p. 143 138. Chapter 135 Current markers of the Athlete Blood Passport do not flag microdose EPO doping - p. 144 139. Chapter 136 Growth Hormone Abuse and Biological Passport: Is Mannan-Binding Lectin a Complementary Candidate? - p. 145 140. Chapter 137 Proteomic Profiling of K-11706 Responsive Proteins - p. 146 141. Chapter 138 Markers of Chronic Inflammation with Short-Term Changes in Physical Activity - p. 147 142. Chapter 139 Exercise Training Versus Propranolol in the Treatment of the Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome - p. 148 143. Chapter 140 Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Classification of Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Mortality - p. 149 144. Chapter 141 Impact of Cardiac Rehabilitation on Mortality and Cardiovascular Events After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in the Community - p. 150 145. Chapter 142 Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Mortality Risk: Possible Protective Mechanisms? - p. 151 146. Chapter 143 Physical inactivity and idiopathic pulmonary embolism in women: prospective study - p. 152 147. Chapter 144 Cardiac Arrest during Long-Distance Running Races - p. 153 148. Chapter 145 Snow shovel-related injuries and medical emergencies treated in US EDs, 1990 to 2006 - p. 154 149. Chapter 146 Incidental Physical Activity Is Positively Associated with Cardiorespiratory Fitness - p. 155 150. Chapter 147 Gender differences in the prognostic value of exercise treadmill test characteristics - p. 156 151. Chapter 148 Effect of Air Travel on Exercise-Induced Coagulatory and Fibrinolytic Activation in Marathon Runners - p. 157 152. Chapter 149 Lower prevalence of silent brain infarcts in the physically active: The Northern Manhattan Study - p. 158 153. Chapter 150 Analysis of ST/HR hysteresis improves long-term prognostic value of exercise ECG test - p. 159 154. Chapter 151 Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography After Stress Testing: Results From a Multicenter, Statewide Registry, ACIC (Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging Consortium) - p. 160 155. Chapter 152 Hydrotherapy added to endurance training versus endurance training alone in elderly patients with chronic heart failure: A randomized pilot study - p. 161 156. Chapter 153 Long-Term Effects of Changes in Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Body Mass Index on All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in Men: The Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study - p. 162 157. Chapter 154 Systematic review of exercise training or percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for intermittent claudication - p. 163 158. Chapter 155 Interval training for patients with coronary artery disease: a systematic review - p. 164 159. Chapter 156 Effects of Physical Activity on Teen Smoking Cessation - p. 165 160. Chapter 157 Effect of Warm-Up Exercise on Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction - p. 166 161. Chapter 158 Misdiagnosis of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in professional soccer players - p. 167 162. Chapter 159 The Effect of Exercise Training on Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Sleep Quality: A Randomized Controlled Trial - p. 168 163. Chapter 160 Intrahospital Weight and Aerobic Training in Children with Cystic Fibrosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial - p. 169 164. Chapter 161 Physical Activity Is the Strongest Predictor of All-Cause Mortality in Patients With COPD: A Prospective Cohort Study - p. 170 165. Chapter 162 Aerobic exercise attenuates pulmonary injury induced by exposure to cigarette smoke - p. 171 166. Chapter 163 Influences of purposeful activity versus rote exercise on improving pain and hand function in pediatric burn - p. 172 167. Chapter 164 Beneficial Effect of Creatine Supplementation in Knee Osteoarthritis - p. 173 168. Chapter 165 What Is the Effect of Physical Activity on the Knee Joint? A Systematic Review - p. 174 169. Chapter 166 Exercise Capacity in Pediatric Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease - p. 175 170. Chapter 167 Body Mass, Training, Menses, and Bone in Adolescent Runners: A 3-yr Follow-up - p. 176 171. Chapter 168 Sclerostin and Its Association with Physical Activity, Age, Gender, Body Composition, and Bone Mineral Content in Healthy Adults - p. 177 172. Chapter 169 Physical Activity and Change in Mammographic Density: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation - p. 178 173. Chapter 170 Does Physical Activity Reduce the Risk of Prostate Cancer? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis - p. 179 174. Chapter 171 Acute Versus Chronic Exposure to Androgen Suppression for Prostate Cancer: Impact on the Exercise Response - p. 180 175. Chapter 172 Evaluation of a Nordic Walking Program on Shoulder Joint Mobility and Isometric Force in Breast Cancer Patients - p. 181 176. Chapter 173 Physical Activity after Diagnosis and Risk of Prostate Cancer Progression: Data from the Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urologic Research Endeavor - p. 182 177. Chapter 174 Physical activity, energy restriction, and the risk of pancreatic cancer: a prospective study in the Netherlands - p. 183 178. Chapter 175 Physical activity and risk of colon adenoma: a meta-analysis - p. 184 179. Chapter 176 Does Physical Activity Reduce the Risk of Prostate Cancer? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis - p. 185 180. Chapter 177 Aerobic Exercise as a Therapy Option for Migraine: A Pilot Study - p. 186 181. Chapter 178 The Relationship Between Physical Activity and Brain Responses to Pain in Fibromyalgia - p. 187 182. Chapter 179 The Relationship Between Physical Activity and Brain Responses to Pain in Fibromyalgia - p. 188 183. Chapter 180 Fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity in the corpus callosum of patients with multiple sclerosis: the effect of physiotherapy - p. 189 184. Chapter 181 Sensorimotor network in cervical dystonia and the effect of botulinum toxin treatment: A functional MRI study - p. 190 185. Chapter 182 Bilateral somatosensory cortex disinhibition in complex regional pain syndrome type I - p. 191 186. Chapter 183 Adaptation of motor function after spinal cord injury: novel insights into spinal shock - p. 192 187. Chapter 184 Aquatic Therapy Versus Conventional Land-Based Therapy for Parkinson's Disease: An Open-Label Pilot Study - p. 193 188. Chapter 185 Critical neural substrates for correcting unexpected trajectory errors and learning from them - p. 194 189. Chapter 186 Arm Motor Control as Predictor for Hypertonia After Stroke: A Prospective Cohort Study - p. 195 190. Chapter 187 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and the Athlete: An American Medical Society for Sports Medicine Position Statement - p. 196 191. Chapter 188 Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Survival on Artificial Turf Substrates - p. 197 192. Chapter 189 Impact of heat and pollution on oxidative stress and CC16 secretion after 8 km run - p. 198 193. Chapter 190 Light-Induced Changes of the Circadian Clock of Humans: Increasing Duration is More Effective than Increasing Light Intensity - p. 199 194. Chapter 191 Low prevalence of exercise-associated hyponatremia in male 100 km ultra-marathon runners in Switzerland - p. 200 195. Chapter 192 Exercise-associated hyponatremia: the influence of pre-exercise carbohydrate status combined with high volume fluid intake on sodium concentrations and fluid balance - p. 201 196. Chapter 193 Tear Fluid Osmolarity as a Potential Marker of Hydration Status - p. 202 197. Chapter 194 Optimising the Acquisition and Retention of Heat Acclimation - p. 203 198. Chapter 195 Does summer in a humid continental climate elicit an acclimatization of human thermoregulatory responses? - p. 204 199. Chapter 196 Changes in Copeptin and Bioactive Vasopressin in Runners With and Without Hyponatremia - p. 205 200. Chapter 197 Factors Associated With a Self-Reported History of Exercise-Associated Muscle Cramps in Ironman Triathletes: A Case–Control Study - p. 206 201. Chapter 198 Neck Cooling and Running Performance in the Heat: Single versus Repeated Application - p. 207 202. Chapter 199 Passive flooding of paranasal sinuses and middle ears as a method of equalisation in extreme breath-hold diving - p. 208 203. Chapter 200 Venous and Arterial Bubbles at Rest after No-Decompression Air Dives - p. 209 204. Chapter 201 Endurance exercise immediately before sea diving reduces bubble formation in scuba divers - p. 210 205. Chapter 202 Ultrasound lung “comets” increase after breath-hold diving - p. 211 206. Chapter 203 The contribution of haemoglobin mass to increases in cycling performance induced by simulated LHTL - p. 212 207. Chapter 204 Index Measured at an Intermediate Altitude to Predict Impending Acute Mountain Sickness - p. 213 208. Chapter 205 Sea-Level Assessment of Dynamic Cerebral Autoregulation Predicts Susceptibility to Acute Mountain Sickness at High Altitude - p. 214 209. Chapter 206 Physical activity in Ontario preschoolers: prevalence and measurement issues - p. 215 210. Chapter 207 Promoting Fundamental Movement Skill Development and Physical Activity in Early Childhood Settings: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial - p. 216 211. Chapter 208 Recommended aerobic fitness level for metabolic health in children and adolescents: a study of diagnostic accuracy - p. 217 212. Chapter 209 Physical Activity and Performance at School: A Systematic Review of the Literature Including a Methodological Quality Assessment - p. 218 213. Chapter 210 The association between school-based physical activity, including physical education, and academic performance: A systematic review of the literature - p. 219 214. Chapter 211 Fluid Replacement Requirements for Child Athletes - p. 220 215. Chapter 212 Skeletal Age and Age Verification in Youth Sport - p. 221 216. Chapter 213 Habitual Levels of Vigorous, But Not Moderate or Light, Physical Activity Is Positively Related to Cortical Bone Mass in Adolescents - p. 222 217. Chapter 214 Habitual Levels of Vigorous, But Not Moderate or Light, Physical Activity Is Positively Related to Cortical Bone Mass in Adolescents - p. 223 218. Chapter 215 Levels of Physical Activity That Predict Optimal Bone Mass in Adolescents: The HELENA Study - p. 224 219. Chapter 216 Differential Effects of Intraventricular Hemorrhage and White Matter Injury on Preterm Cerebellar Growth - p. 225 220. Chapter 217 No Proprioceptive Deficits in Autism Despite Movement-Related Sensory and Execution Impairments - p. 226 221. Chapter 218 Disrupted Neural Synchronization in Toddlers with Autism - p. 227 222. Chapter 219 Gait patterns in children with autism - p. 228 223. Chapter 220 Brain growth across the life span in autism: Age-specific changes in anatomical pathology - p. 229 224. Chapter 221 Physical Activity and Body Mass: Changes in Younger versus Older Postmenopausal Women - p. 230 225. Chapter 222 Motor planning and control in autism. A kinematic analysis of preschool children - p. 231 226. Chapter 223 Brief Report: Further Evidence of Sensory Subtypes in Autism - p. 232 227. Chapter 224 Neural signatures of autism - p. 233 228. Chapter 225 Sensory Processing in Autism: A Review of Neurophysiologic Findings - p. 234 229. Chapter 226 Spectrum of neurodevelopmental disabilities in children with cerebellar malformations - p. 235 230. Chapter 227 Statistically characterizing intra- and inter-individual variability in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder - p. 236 231. Chapter 228 Annual Research Review: Development of the cerebral cortex: implications for neurodevelopmental disorders - p. 237 232. Chapter 229 Exclusive breastfeeding duration and cardiorespiratory fitness in children and adolescents - p. 238 233. Chapter 230 Who is really at risk? Identifying risk factors for subthreshold and full syndrome eating disorders in a high-risk sample - p. 239 234. Chapter 231 Associations Between Disordered Eating, Menstrual Dysfunction, and Musculoskeletal Injury Among High School Athletes - p. 240 235. Chapter 232 Cardiovascular Consequences of Ovarian Disruption: A Focus on Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea in Physically Active Women - p. 241 236. Chapter 233 Bone Quality and Muscle Strength in Female Athletes with Lower Limb Stress Fractures - p. 242 237. Chapter 234 Exercise During Pregnancy, Maternal Prepregnancy Body Mass Index, and Birth Weight - p. 243 238. Chapter 235 Strength training stops bone loss and builds muscle in postmenopausal breast cancer survivors: a randomized, controlled trial - p. 244 239. Chapter 236 Hormonal Responses to Resistance Exercise during Different Menstrual Cycle States - p. 245 240. Chapter 237 Short-Term, Light- to Moderate-Intensity Exercise Training Improves Leg Muscle Strength in the Oldest Old: A Randomized Controlled Trial - p. 246 241. Chapter 238 Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Physical Function in Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study All Stars - p. 247 242. Chapter 239 Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Physical Function in Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study All Stars - p. 248 243. Chapter 240 Increased Average Longevity among the “Tour de France” Cyclists - p. 249 244. Chapter 241 Cardiorespiratory fitness in aging men and women: the DR's EXTRA study - p. 250 245. Chapter 242 Atrophy of the lower limbs in elderly women: is it related to walking ability? - p. 251 246. Chapter 243 Arterial Stiffness, Physical Function, and Functional Limitation: The Whitehall II Study - p. 252 247. Chapter 244 Translating Weight Loss and Physical Activity Programs Into the Community to Preserve Mobility in Older, Obese Adults in Poor Cardiovascular Health - p. 253 248. Chapter 245 Effects of Whole-Body Vibration Training on Different Devices on Bone Mineral Density - p. 254 249. Chapter 246 Physical Activity and Cognition in Women With Vascular Conditions - p. 255 250. Chapter 247 Activity Energy Expenditure and Incident Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults - p. 256 251. Chapter 248 Exergaming and Older Adult Cognition: A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial - p. 257 252. Chapter 249 Cardiorespiratory Fitness as a Predictor of Dementia Mortality in Men and Women - p. 258 253. Chapter 250 Does cerebral oxygenation affect cognitive function during exercise? - p. 259 254. Chapter 251 Independent and Combined Effects of Calcium-Vitamin D3 and Exercise on Bone Structure and Strength in Older Men: An 18-Month Factorial Design Randomized Controlled Trial - p. 260 255. Chapter 252 Addressing Secondary Prevention of Osteoporosis in Fracture Care: Follow-up to “Own the Bone” - p. 261