Spine Secrets

1. Cover image - p. cover 2. Title page - p. ii 3. Table of Contents - p. iii 4. Copyright - p. iii 5. Dedication - p. v 6. Contributors - p. vi 7. Preface - p. vii 8. Top 100 Secrets - p. vii 9. I. Regional Spinal Anatomy - p. 12 10. 1.  Clinically relevant anatomy of the cervical region - p. 12 11. 2.  Clinically relevant anatomy of the thoracic region - p. 25 12. 3.  Clinically relevant anatomy of the lumbar and sacral region - p. 34 13. II. Clinical Evaluation of the Spine Patient - p. 44 14. 4.  Evaluation of cervical spine disorders - p. 44 15. 5.  Evaluation of thoracic and lumbar spine disorders - p. 51 16. 6.  Evaluation of spinal deformities - p. 58 17. 7.  Evaluation of impairment, disabilty, and workers’ compensation - p. 67 18. III. Spinal Imaging - p. 78 19. 8.  Strategies for imaging and diagnosis in spinal disorders - p. 78 20. 9.  Radiographic assessment of the spine - p. 85 21. 10.  Magnetic resonance imaging of the spine - p. 99 22. 11.  Computed tomography and CT-myelography - p. 113 23. 12.  Nuclear imaging and spinal disorders - p. 120 24. IV. Nonsurgical Management of Spinal Disorders - p. 127 25. 13.  Cervical spinal disorders: Nonsurgical management strategies - p. 127 26. 14.  Thoracic and lumbar spinal disorders: Nonsurgical management strategies - p. 137 27. 15.  Pharmacologic management of pain in spine disorders - p. 147 28. 16.  Diagnostic and therapeutic spinal injections - p. 158 29. 17.  Electrodiagnosis in spinal disorders - p. 168 30. 18.  Spinal orthoses - p. 176 31. V. Surgical Indications and Perioperative Management of the Spine Patient - p. 190 32. 19.  Indications for surgical intervention in spinal disorders and when not to operate - p. 190 33. 20.  Preoperative assessment and planning for patients undergoing spine surgery - p. 198 34. 21.  Anesthetic considerations and intraoperative management during spine surgery - p. 205 35. 22.  Intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring during spinal procedures - p. 215 36. 23.  Postoperative management and adverse events after spine surgery - p. 221 37. VI. Basic Spinal Procedures, Surgical Approaches, and Spinal Instrumentation - p. 232 38. 24.  Procedures for decompression of the spinal cord and nerve roots - p. 232 39. 25.  Spinal arthrodesis, graft materials, and graft techniques - p. 241 40. 26.  Surgical approaches to the occiput and cervical spine - p. 252 41. 27.  Surgical approaches to the thoracic, lumbar, and lumbosacral spine - p. 259 42. 28.  Occipital and cervical spine instrumentation - p. 274 43. 29.  Thoracic and lumbar spine instrumentation - p. 286 44. 30.  Instrumentation and fusion at the lumbosacral junction and pelvis - p. 297 45. 31.  Minimally invasive spine surgery - p. 305 46. 32.  Artificial disc replacement - p. 313 47. 33.  Revision spine surgery - p. 322 48. 34.  Spinal cord stimulation and implantable drug delivery systems - p. 332 49. VII. Pediatric Spinal Deformities and Spinal Disorders - p. 340 50. 35.  Pediatric back pain - p. 340 51. 36.  Pediatric cervical disorders - p. 348 52. 37.  Early-onset scoliosis - p. 357 53. 38.  Idiopathic scoliosis - p. 368 54. 39.  Congenital spinal deformities - p. 381 55. 40.  Neuromuscular spinal deformities - p. 389 56. 41.  Sagittal plane deformities in pediatric patients - p. 398 57. 42.  Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis in pediatric patients - p. 407 58. 43.  Pediatric spinal trauma - p. 417 59. VIII. Degenerative Disorders of the Adult Spine - p. 428 60. 44.  Pathophysiology and pathoanatomy of degenerative disorders of the adult spine - p. 428 61. 45.  Cervical degenerative disorders - p. 435 62. 46.  Thoracic disc herniation and stenosis - p. 445 63. 47.  Lumbar disc herniation - p. 450 64. 48.  Discogenic low back pain - p. 457 65. 49.  Lumbar spinal stenosis - p. 465 66. 50.  Disorders of the sacroiliac joint - p. 471 67. IX. Adult Spinal Deformities - p. 482 68. 51.  Adult idiopathic and degenerative scoliosis - p. 482 69. 52.  Sagittal plane deformities in adults - p. 494 70. 53.  Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis in adults - p. 504 71. X. Spinal Trauma - p. 514 72. 54.  Evaluation of the spine trauma patient - p. 514 73. 55.  Spinal cord injury - p. 522 74. 56.  Upper cervical spine trauma - p. 531 75. 57.  Lower cervical spine injuries - p. 544 76. 58.  Thoracic and lumbar spine fractures - p. 556 77. 59.  Sacral fractures - p. 572 78. 60.  Spinal injuries in athletes - p. 580 79. XI. Systemic Problems Affecting the Spinal Column - p. 592 80. 61.  Disorders of the spinal cord and related structures - p. 592 81. 62.  Primary spine tumors - p. 607 82. 63.  Metastatic spine tumors - p. 622 83. 64.  Metabolic bone diseases of the spine - p. 632 84. 65.  Treatment options for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures - p. 647 85. 66.  Spinal infections - p. 659 86. 67.  Rheumatoid arthritis - p. 667 87. 68.  Ankylosing spondylitis and diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis - p. 678 88. XII. Emerging Spinal Technologies - p. 690 89. 69.  Spinal navigation, robotic surgery, and three-dimensional printing - p. 690 90. Index - p. 699