Year Book of Endocrinology 2013

1. Cover image - p. 1 2. Title page - p. 2 3. Table of Contents - p. 3 4. Diabetes - p. 7 5. Complications - p. 8 6. Basal Insulin and Cardiovascular and Other Outcomes in Dysglycemia - p. 9 7. Association of Weight Status With Mortality in Adults With Incident Diabetes - p. 10 8. Altered MAPK Signaling in Progressive Deterioration of Endothelial Function in Diabetic Mice - p. 11 9. Association Between Coronary Vascular Dysfunction and Cardiac Mortality in Patients With and Without Diabetes Mellitus - p. 12 10. Inverse relation of body weight and weight change with mortality and morbidity in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular co-morbidity: An analysis of the PROactive study population - p. 13 11. Relationship between HbA1c levels and risk of cardiovascular adverse outcomes and all-cause mortality in overweight and obese cardiovascular high-risk women and men with type 2 diabetes - p. 14 12. Glycemic Control - p. 15 13. Management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes: a patient-centered approach. Position statement of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) - p. 16 14. A Clinical Trial to Maintain Glycemic Control in Youth with Type 2 Diabetes - p. 17 15. Pathogenesis - p. 18 16. Large-scale association analysis provides insights into the genetic architecture and pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes - p. 19 17. DNA methylation profiling identifies epigenetic dysregulation in pancreatic islets from type 2 diabetic patients - p. 20 18. A metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes - p. 21 19. Early Loss of the Glucagon Response to Hypoglycemia in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes - p. 22 20. Glucagon regulates its own synthesis by autocrine signaling - p. 23 21. Glucose activates free fatty acid receptor 1 gene transcription via phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-dependent O-GlcNAcylation of pancreas-duodenum homeobox-1 - p. 24 22. Neonatal β Cell Development in Mice and Humans Is Regulated by Calcineurin/NFAT - p. 25 23. Metabolic manifestations of insulin deficiency do not occur without glucagon action - p. 26 24. Glucagonocentric restructuring of diabetes: a pathophysiologic and therapeutic makeover - p. 27 25. Prevention and Reversal of Diabetes - p. 28 26. TAK-875 versus placebo or glimepiride in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a phase 2, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial - p. 29 27. Targeting VEGF-B as a novel treatment for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes - p. 30 28. The Effects of TAK-875, a Selective G Protein-Coupled Receptor 40/Free Fatty Acid 1 Agonist, on Insulin and Glucagon Secretion in Isolated Rat and Human Islets - p. 31 29. Cardiovascular benefits and diabetes risks of statin therapy in primary prevention: an analysis from the JUPITER trial - p. 32 30. Amorfrutins are potent antidiabetic dietary natural products - p. 33 31. A Multiple-Ascending-Dose Study to Evaluate Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of a Novel GPR40 Agonist, TAK-875, in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes - p. 34 32. Ectopic expression of glucagon receptor in skeletal muscles improves glucose homeostasis in a mouse model of diabetes - p. 35 33. Lipoproteins and Atherosclerosis - p. 36 34. Epidemiology and Diagnosis - p. 37 35. Remnant Cholesterol as a Causal Risk Factor for Ischemic Heart Disease - p. 38 36. Metabolic Syndrome - p. 39 37. Low HDL Cholesterol and the Risk of Diabetic Nephropathy and Retinopathy: Results of the ADVANCE Study - p. 40 38. Nutrition and Nutritional Supplements - p. 41 39. Effects of trans fatty acids on glucose homeostasis: A meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials - p. 42 40. Pharmacologic Therapy - p. 43 41. Efficacy and safety of a microsomal triglyceride transfer protein inhibitor in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia: a single-arm, open-label, phase 3 study - p. 44 42. Effects of AMG 145 on Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels: Results From 2 Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Ascending-Dose Phase 1 Studies in Healthy Volunteers and Hypercholesterolemic Subjects on Statins - p. 45 43. Efficacy and Safety of Eicosapentaenoic Acid Ethyl Ester (AMR101) Therapy in Statin-Treated Patients With Persistent High Triglycerides (from the ANCHOR Study) - p. 46 44. Effect of Ezetimibe on Major Atherosclerotic Disease Events and All-Cause Mortality - p. 47 45. Atorvastatin with or without an Antibody to PCSK9 in Primary Hypercholesterolemia - p. 48 46. Apolipoprotein B Synthesis Inhibition With Mipomersen in Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Results of a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial to Assess Efficacy and Safety as Add-On Therapy in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease - p. 49 47. The effects of lowering LDL cholesterol with statin therapy in people at low risk of vascular disease: meta-analysis of individual data from 27 randomised trials - p. 50 48. Prevention of Atherosclerosis - p. 52 49. Dysfunctional High-Density Lipoprotein in Patients on Chronic Hemodialysis - p. 53 50. Altered Activation of Endothelial Anti-and Proapoptotic Pathways by High-Density Lipoprotein from Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: Role of High-Density Lipoprotein–Proteome Remodeling - p. 54 51. Stroke and Peripheral Artery Disease - p. 56 52. Impact of low-density lipoprotein to high-density lipoprotein ratio on aortic arch atherosclerosis in unexplained stroke - p. 57 53. Obesity - p. 58 54. Diet and Obesity - p. 59 55. A Trial of Sugar-Free or Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Body Weight in Children - p. 60 56. A Randomized Trial of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Adolescent Body Weight - p. 61 57. Natural killer T cells in adipose tissue prevent insulin resistance - p. 62 58. History of weight cycling does not impede future weight loss or metabolic improvements in postmenopausal women - p. 63 59. Translating the Diabetes Prevention Program Lifestyle Intervention for Weight Loss Into Primary Care: A Randomized Trial - p. 64 60. Epidemiology and Complications of Obesity - p. 65 61. Metabolically healthy obesity and risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality - p. 66 62. Myths, Presumptions, and Facts about Obesity - p. 67 63. Trends in mild, moderate, and severe stunting and underweight, and progress towards MDG 1 in 141 developing countries: a systematic analysis of population representative data - p. 69 64. Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Genetic Risk of Obesity - p. 70 65. Obesity phenotype and incident hypertension: a prospective community-based cohort study - p. 71 66. Bariatric Surgery Results in Cortical Bone Loss - p. 72 67. The Effect of Excess Weight Gain With Intensive Diabetes Mellitus Treatment on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Atherosclerosis in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Results From the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study (DCCT/EDIC) study - p. 73 68. New Developments in Obesity - p. 74 69. AMP-Activated Protein Kinase α1 Protects Against Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance and Obesity - p. 75 70. Short-Term Caloric Restriction Normalizes Hypothalamic Neuronal Responsiveness to Glucose Ingestion in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes - p. 76 71. Surgical Treatment of Obesity - p. 77 72. Alterations in Gastrointestinal, Endocrine, and Metabolic Processes After Bariatric Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery - p. 78 73. Thyroid - p. 79 74. Autoimmunity - p. 80 75. Thyroid Dysfunction and Autoantibodies in Early Pregnancy Are Associated with Increased Risk of Gestational Diabetes and Adverse Birth Outcomes - p. 81 76. A TSHR-LH/CGR Chimera that Measures Functional Thyroid-Stimulating Autoantibodies (TSAb) Can Predict Remission or Recurrence in Graves' Patients Undergoing Antithyroid Drug (ATD) Treatment - p. 82 77. Efficacy and Safety of Three Different Cumulative Doses of Intravenous Methylprednisolone for Moderate to Severe and Active Graves' Orbitopathy - p. 83 78. Thyroid Cancer - p. 84 79. Serum Antithyroglobulin Antibodies Interfere with Thyroglobulin Detection in Fine-Needle Aspirates of Metastatic Neck Nodes in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma - p. 85 80. Correlation between the Number of Lymph Node Metastases and Lung Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Cancer - p. 86 81. Role of TSH in the Spontaneous Development of Asymmetrical Thyroid Carcinoma in Mice with a Targeted Mutation in a Single Allele of the Thyroid Hormone-β Receptor - p. 87 82. Somatic RAS Mutations Occur in a Large Proportion of Sporadic RET-Negative Medullary Thyroid Carcinomas and Extend to a Previously Unidentified Exon - p. 88 83. Activation of the mTOR Pathway in Primary Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma and Lymph Node Metastases - p. 89 84. Vandetanib in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Medullary Thyroid Cancer: A Randomized, Double-Blind Phase III Trial - p. 90 85. Thyroid Disease in Pregnancy - p. 91 86. Maternal Thyroid Hormone Parameters during Early Pregnancy and Birth Weight: The Generation R Study - p. 92 87. Fetal Free Thyroxine Concentrations in Pregnant Women with Autoimmune Thyroid Disease - p. 93 88. Thyroid Nodules - p. 94 89. Preoperative Diagnosis of Benign Thyroid Nodules with Indeterminate Cytology - p. 95 90. Miscellaneous - p. 96 91. Generation of functional thyroid from embryonic stem cells - p. 97 92. Genome-wide analysis of thyroid hormone receptors shared and specific functions in neural cells - p. 98 93. Thyroid hormone triggers the developmental loss of axonal regenerative capacity via thyroid hormone receptor α1 and krüppel-like factor 9 in Purkinje cells - p. 99 94. Thyroid hormone is required for hypothalamic neurons regulating cardiovascular functions - p. 100 95. Tetrac Can Replace Thyroid Hormone During Brain Development in Mouse Mutants Deficient in the Thyroid Hormone Transporter Mct8 - p. 101 96. Higher Free Thyroxine Levels Predict Increased Incidence of Dementia in Older Men: The Health In Men Study - p. 102 97. Hyperthyroid-associated osteoporosis is exacerbated by the loss of TSH signaling - p. 103 98. Calcium and Bone Metabolism - p. 104 99. Mineral and Vitamin D Metabolism - p. 105 100. Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration and Risk for Major Clinical Disease Events in a Community-Based Population of Older Adults: A Cohort Study - p. 106 101. Associations of dietary calcium intake and calcium supplementation with myocardial infarction and stroke risk and overall cardiovascular mortality in the Heidelberg cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study (EPIC-Heidelberg) - p. 107 102. Long term calcium intake and rates of all cause and cardiovascular mortality: community based prospective longitudinal cohort study - p. 108 103. Vitamin D with Calcium Reduces Mortality: Patient Level Pooled Analysis of 70,528 Patients from Eight Major Vitamin D Trials - p. 109 104. Vitamin D Therapy and Cardiac Structure and Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: The PRIMO Randomized Controlled Trial - p. 110 105. A Pooled Analysis of Vitamin D Dose Requirements for Fracture Prevention - p. 111 106. Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of Osteoporosis - p. 112 107. Dose Response to Vitamin D Supplementation in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Trial - p. 113 108. Increasing Occurrence of Atypical Femoral Fractures Associated With Bisphosphonate Use - p. 114 109. Incidence of Atypical Nontraumatic Diaphyseal Fractures of the Femur - p. 115 110. Changes in bone mineral density and body composition during pregnancy and postpartum. A controlled cohort study - p. 116 111. Current Issues in Osteoporosis Therapy - p. 117 112. Effect of Alendronate for Reducing Fracture by FRAX Score and Femoral Neck Bone Mineral Density: The Fracture Intervention Trial - p. 118 113. Oral bisphosphonates reduce the risk of clinical fractures in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in clinical practice - p. 119 114. A Retrospective Study Evaluating Frequency and Risk Factors of Osteonecrosis of the Jaw in 576 Cancer Patients Receiving Intravenous Bisphosphonates - p. 120 115. Inflammatory Eye Reactions in Patients Treated With Bisphosphonates and Other Osteoporosis Medications: Cohort Analysis Using a National Prescription Database - p. 121 116. Effect of denosumab on bone mineral density and biochemical markers of bone turnover: 8-year results of a phase 2 clinical trial - p. 122 117. Skeletal Histomorphometry in Subjects on Teriparatide or Zoledronic Acid Therapy (SHOTZ) Study: A Randomized Controlled Trial - p. 123 118. Predictive Value of FRAX for Fracture in Obese Older Women - p. 124 119. Effectiveness of Teriparatide in Women Over 75 Years of Age with Severe Osteoporosis: 36-Month Results from the European Forsteo Observational Study (EFOS) - p. 125 120. Novel Osteoporosis Therapies - p. 126 121. Six Months of Parathyroid Hormone (1–84) Administered Concurrently Versus Sequentially with Monthly Ibandronate Over Two Years: The PTH and Ibandronate Combination Study (PICS) Randomized Trial - p. 127 122. Differing Effects of PTH 1-34, PTH 1-84 and Zoledronic Acid on Bone Microarchitecture and Estimated Strength in Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis. An 18 Month Open-Labeled Observational Study using HR-pQCT - p. 128 123. Effect of 12 Months of Whole-Body Vibration Therapy on Bone Density and Structure in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Trial - p. 129 124. Fracture Risk and Zoledronic Acid Therapy in Men with Osteoporosis - p. 130 125. Denosumab Treatment in Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis Does Not Interfere with Fracture-Healing: Results from the FREEDOM Trial - p. 131 126. Metabolic Bone Disease - p. 132 127. Effect of Cinacalcet on Cardiovascular Disease in Patients Undergoing Dialysis - p. 133 128. Therapy of Hypoparathyroidism with PTH(1–84): A Prospective Four-Year Investigation of Efficacy and Safety - p. 134 129. Miscellaneous - p. 135 130. 25(OH) Vitamin D Is Associated with Greater Muscle Strength in Healthy Men and Women - p. 136 131. Adrenal Cortex - p. 137 132. Adrenal Hormone Secretion and Pathology - p. 138 133. Adrenal involvement in MEN1. Analysis of 715 cases from the Groupe d'étude des Tumeurs Endocrines database - p. 139 134. Combination Chemotherapy in Advanced Adrenocortical Carcinoma - p. 140 135. Activation of Cyclic AMP Signaling Leads to Different Pathway Alterations in Lesions of the Adrenal Cortex Caused by Germline PRKAR1A Defects versus Those due to Somatic GNAS Mutations - p. 141 136. Serum inhibin pro-αC is a tumor marker for adrenocortical carcinomas - p. 142 137. CT features and quantification of the characteristics of adrenocortical carcinomas on unenhanced and contrast-enhanced studies - p. 143 138. Cushing's Disease: Diagnosis and Treatmrnt - p. 144 139. [131I]Iodometomidate for Targeted Radionuclide Therapy of Advanced Adrenocortical Carcinoma - p. 145 140. Primary Aldosteronism - p. 146 141. KCNJ5 Mutations in European Families With Nonglucocorticoid Remediable Familial Hyperaldosteronism - p. 147 142. Evaluation of the Sensitivity and Specificity of 11C-Metomidate Positron Emission Tomography (PET)-CT for Lateralizing Aldosterone Secretion by Conn's Adenomas - p. 148 143. Pattern of Adrenal Hormonal Secretion in Patients with Adrenal Adenomas: The Relevance of Aldosterone in Arterial Hypertension - p. 149 144. Reproductive Endocrinology - p. 150 145. Bone Health in Men - p. 151 146. The Association of Concurrent Vitamin D and Sex Hormone Deficiency With Bone Loss and Fracture Risk in Older Men: The Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study - p. 152 147. Female Reproductive Function - p. 153 148. Do Changes in Sex Steroid Hormones Precede or Follow Increases in Body Weight during the Menopause Transition? Results from The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation - p. 154 149. Hyperprolactinemia-induced ovarian acyclicity is reversed by kisspeptin administration - p. 155 150. Differential Regulation of Ovarian Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) by Estradiol through α- and β-Estrogen Receptors - p. 156 151. Polycystic Ovary-Like Abnormalities (PCO-L) in Women with Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea - p. 157 152. Male Reproductive Function - p. 158 153. The genetic origin of Klinefelter syndrome and its effect on spermatogenesis - p. 159 154. Changes in hormonal profile and seminal parameters with use of aromatase inhibitors in management of infertile men with low testosterone to estradiol ratios - p. 160 155. Job demands as a potential modifier of the association between testosterone deficiency and andropause symptoms in Japanese middle-aged workers: A cross-sectional study - p. 161 156. A New Combination of Testosterone and Nestorone Transdermal Gels for Male Hormonal Contraception - p. 162 157. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome - p. 163 158. Lean mass and insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome - p. 164 159. Ethinyl Estradiol-Cyproterone Acetate Versus Low-Dose Pioglitazone-Flutamide-Metformin for Adolescent Girls with Androgen Excess: Divergent Effects on CD163, TWEAK Receptor, ANGPTL4, and LEPTIN Expression in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue - p. 165 160. Metformin Improves Pregnancy and Live-Birth Rates in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Randomized Trial - p. 166 161. Evidence for Chromosome 2p16.3 Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Susceptibility Locus in Affected Women of European Ancestry - p. 167 162. Differential Gene Expression in Granulosa Cells from Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Patients with and without Insulin Resistance: Identification of Susceptibility Gene Sets through Network Analysis - p. 168 163. Is there a dose–response relationship of metformin treatment in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome? Results from a multicentric study - p. 169 164. Metabolic Syndrome - p. 170 165. Differential effect of oral dehydroepiandrosterone-sulphate on metabolic syndrome features in pre- and postmenopausal obese women - p. 171 166. Hypogonadism and Aging - p. 172 167. Clomiphene citrate is safe and effective for long–term management of hypogonadism - p. 173 168. Neuroendocrinology - p. 174 169. ACTH - p. 175 170. A 12-Month Phase 3 Study of Pasireotide in Cushing's Disease - p. 176 171. General - p. 177 172. Circulating Tumor Cells as Prognostic Markers in Neuroendocrine Tumors - p. 178 173. Pituitary - General - p. 179 174. MEN1 Gene Replacement Therapy Reduces Proliferation Rates in a Mouse Model of Pituitary Adenomas - p. 180 175. Prolactin - p. 181 176. Hyperprolactinemia-induced ovarian acyclicity is reversed by kisspeptin administration - p. 182 177. Pediatric Endocrinology - p. 183 178. Growth/Growth Hormone - p. 184 179. Beneficial Effects of Growth Hormone Treatment on Cognition in Children with Prader-Willi Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial and Longitudinal Study - p. 185 180. Longitudinal Evaluation of Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Children with Prader-Willi Syndrome during 2 Years of Growth Hormone Therapy - p. 186 181. Effect of Inhaled Glucocorticoids in Childhood on Adult Height - p. 187 182. Skeletal maturation in obese patients - p. 188 183. Miscellaneous - p. 189 184. Evaluation of an intervention to promote protective infant feeding practices to prevent childhood obesity: outcomes of the NOURISH RCT at 14 months of age and 6 months post the first of two intervention modules - p. 190 185. Growth during Infancy and Childhood, and Adiposity at Age 16 Years: Ages 2 to 7 Years Are Pivotal - p. 191 186. Hyperthyrotropinaemia in untreated subjects with Down's syndrome aged 6 months to 64 years: a comparative analysis - p. 192 187. Generic and Brand-Name l-Thyroxine Are Not Bioequivalent for Children With Severe Congenital Hypothyroidism - p. 193 188. Secondary Sexual Characteristics in Boys: Data From the Pediatric Research in Office Settings Network - p. 194 189. Random Luteinizing Hormone Often Remains Pubertal in Children Treated with the Histrelin Implant for Central Precocious Puberty - p. 195 190. Addition of recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone to human chorionic gonadotropin treatment in adolescents and young adults with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism promotes normal testicular growth and may promote early spermatogenesis - p. 196 191. Distinguishing Constitutional Delay of Growth and Puberty from Isolated Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism: Critical Appraisal of Available Diagnostic Tests - p. 197