Dermatology

1. INTRODUCTION TO CLINICAL DERMATOLOGY - p. 1 2. THE ROLE OF DERMATOPATHOLOGY IN CLINICOPATHOLOGIC CORRELATION - p. 12 3. INTRODUCTION TO THE USE OF DERMOSCOPY (DERMATOSCOPY) - p. 32 4. INTRODUCTION TO CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY - p. 39 5. INTRODUCTION TO ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE - p. 42 6. CONCLUSION - p. 45 7. REFERENCES - p. 46.e7 8. 1. Anatomy and Pathophysiology - p. 47 9. 2. Skin Development and Maintenance - p. 58 10. 3. Molecular Biology - p. 68 11. 4. Immunology - p. 81 12. Section 2: Pruritus - p. 99.e1 13. 5. Cutaneous Neurophysiology - p. 100 14. 6. Pruritus and Dysesthesia - p. 110 15. 7. Psychocutaneous Diseases - p. 128 16. Section 3: Papulosquamous and Eczematous Dermatoses - p. 138.e4 17. 8. Psoriasis - p. 139 18. 9. Other Papulosquamous Disorders - p. 164 19. 10. Erythroderma - p. 177 20. 11. Lichen Planus and Lichenoid Dermatoses - p. 189 21. 12. Atopic Dermatitis - p. 210 22. 13. Other Eczematous Eruptions - p. 231.e5 23. 14. Allergic Contact Dermatitis - p. 246 24. 15. Irritant Contact Dermatitis - p. 267 25. 16. Occupational Dermatoses - p. 279 26. 17. Dermatoses Due to Plants - p. 291 27. Section 4: Urticarias, Erythemas, and Purpuras - p. 308.e2 28. 18. Urticaria and Angioedema - p. 309 29. 19. Figurate Erythemas - p. 327 30. 20. Erythema Multiforme, Stevens–Johnson Syndrome, and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis - p. 339 31. 21. Drug Reactions - p. 355 32. 22. Purpura: Mechanisms and Differential Diagnosis - p. 385 33. 23. Cutaneous Manifestations of Microvascular Occlusion Syndromes - p. 397 34. 24. Cutaneous Vasculitis - p. 418 35. Chapter Contents - p. 418 36. INTRODUCTION - p. 418 37. CLASSIFICATION - p. 418 38. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 418 39. PATHOGENESIS - p. 418 40. GENERAL CLINICAL FEATURES - p. 418 41. PATHOLOGY - p. 419 42. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 421 43. SMALL VESSEL VASCULITIS - p. 421 44. PREDOMINANTLY SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED VESSEL VASCULITIDES - p. 434 45. PREDOMINANTLY MEDIUM-SIZED VESSEL VASCULITIS - p. 444 46. TEMPORAL ARTERITIS (GIANT CELL ARTERITIS) - p. 446 47. DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH TO A PATIENT WITH SUSPECTED VASCULITIS - p. 446 48. EREFERENCES - p. 449.e5 49. REFERENCES - p. 449.e5 50. 25. Neutrophilic Dermatoses - p. 450 51. 26. Eosinophil-Associated Dermatoses - p. 470 52. 27. Pregnancy Dermatoses - p. 480 53. Section 5: Vesiculobullous Diseases - p. 490.e12 54. 28. The Biology of the Basement Membrane - p. 491 55. 29. Pemphigus - p. 501 56. 30. Pemphigoid Group - p. 517 57. 31. Dermatitis Herpetiformis and Linear IgA Bullous Dermatosis - p. 534 58. 32. Epidermolysis Bullosa - p. 545 59. 33. Other Vesiculobullous Diseases - p. 560 60. 34. Vesiculopustular and Erosive Disorders in Newborns and Infants - p. 568 61. Section 6: Adnexal Diseases - p. 585.e3 62. 35. Structure and Function of Eccrine, Apocrine, and Sebaceous Glands - p. 586 63. 36. Acne Vulgaris - p. 592 64. 37. Rosacea and Related Disorders - p. 610 65. 38. Folliculitis, Follicular Occlusion Tetrad, and Other Follicular Disorders - p. 622 66. 39. Diseases of the Eccrine and Apocrine Sweat Glands - p. 641 67. Section 7: Rheumatologic Dermatology - p. 656.e1 68. 40. Autoantibodies Encountered in Patients with Autoimmune Connective Tissue Diseases - p. 657 69. 41. Lupus Erythematosus - p. 670 70. 42. Dermatomyositis - p. 689 71. 43. Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma) and Related Disorders - p. 702 72. 44. Morphea and Lichen Sclerosus - p. 717 73. 45. Other Rheumatologic Disorders and Autoinflammatory Diseases - p. 732 74. Section 8: Metabolic and Systemic Diseases - p. 752.e1 75. 46. Mucinoses - p. 753 76. 47. Amyloidosis - p. 765 77. 48. Deposition Diseases - p. 774.e2 78. 49. Porphyria - p. 784 79. 50. Calcifying and Ossifying Disorders of the Skin - p. 796 80. 51. Nutritional Diseases - p. 807 81. 52. Graft-versus-Host Disease - p. 824.e3 82. 53. Dermatologic Manifestations in Patients with Systemic Disease - p. 833 83. Section 9: Genodermatoses - p. 857.e2 84. 54. Basic Principles of Genetics - p. 858 85. 55. Genetic Basis of Cutaneous Diseases - p. 869 86. 56. Biology of Keratinocytes - p. 883 87. 57. Ichthyoses, Erythrokeratodermas, and Related Disorders - p. 894 88. Chapter Contents - p. 894 89. INTRODUCTION - p. 894 90. COMMON ICHTHYOSES - p. 900 91. KERATINOPATHIC ICHTHYOSES - p. 903 92. AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE CONGENITAL ICHTHYOSES - p. 907 93. SYNDROMIC ICHTHYOSES - p. 913 94. ERYTHROKERATODERMAS - p. 918 95. X-LINKED DOMINANT ICHTHYOSIFORM DISORDERS - p. 922 96. OTHER ICHTHYOSES, PEELING SKIN SYNDROMES, AND RELATED DISORDERS - p. 925 97. REFERENCES - p. 930.e5 98. 58. Palmoplantar Keratodermas - p. 931 99. 59. Darier Disease and Hailey–Hailey Disease - p. 951 100. 60. Primary Immunodeficiencies - p. 962 101. Chapter Contents - p. 962 102. INTRODUCTION - p. 962 103. ATAXIA–TELANGIECTASIA - p. 962 104. CHRONIC MUCOCUTANEOUS CANDIDIASIS - p. 965 105. CARTILAGE–HAIR HYPOPLASIA SYNDROME - p. 969 106. CHÉDIAK–HIGASHI SYNDROME - p. 969 107. COMPLEMENT DISORDERS - p. 971 108. CHRONIC GRANULOMATOUS DISEASE - p. 973 109. HYPERIMMUNOGLOBULIN E SYNDROMES - p. 978 110. IMMUNOGLOBULIN DEFICIENCIES - p. 981 111. IPEX SYNDROME - p. 981 112. LEUKOCYTE ADHESION DEFICIENCY - p. 981 113. SEVERE COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENCY AND OMENN SYNDROME - p. 986 114. WISKOTT–ALDRICH SYNDROME - p. 988 115. REFERENCES - p. 991.e3 116. 61. Neurofibromatosis and Tuberous Sclerosis Complex - p. 992 117. 62. Mosaicism and Linear Lesions - p. 1012 118. 63. Other Genodermatoses - p. 1035 119. Chapter Contents - p. 1035 120. DISORDERS FEATURING TUMORIGENESIS - p. 1035 121. MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA - p. 1035 122. PTEN HAMARTOMA TUMOR SYNDROME, INCLUDING COWDEN SYNDROME - p. 1035 123. GARDNER SYNDROME (VARIANT OF FAMILIAL ADENOMATOUS POLYPOSIS) - p. 1040 124. MUIR–TORRE SYNDROME (VARIANT OF LYNCH SYNDROME) - p. 1041 125. ENZYME DEFICIENCY DISEASES - p. 1043 126. ALKAPTONURIA - p. 1043 127. BIOTINIDASE AND HOLOCARBOXYLASE SYNTHETASE DEFICIENCIES - p. 1044 128. FABRY DISEASE - p. 1044 129. FUCOSIDOSIS - p. 1045 130. GAUCHER DISEASE - p. 1046 131. HARTNUP DISEASE - p. 1047 132. MITOCHONDRIAL DISORDERS - p. 1048 133. ACID SPHINGOMYELINASE DEFICIENCY (NIEMANN–PICK DISEASE) - p. 1048 134. PHENYLKETONURIA - p. 1048 135. Acknowledgment - p. 1049 136. PREMATURE AGING SYNDROMES AND POIKILODERMAS - p. 1049 137. HUTCHINSON–GILFORD PROGERIA SYNDROME - p. 1049 138. WERNER SYNDROME - p. 1054 139. ECTODERMAL DYSPLASIAS - p. 1055 140. HYPOHIDROTIC ECTODERMAL DYSPLASIA - p. 1057 141. HYPOHIDROTIC ECTODERMAL DYSPLASIA WITH IMMUNE DEFICIENCY - p. 1059 142. HIDROTIC ECTODERMAL DYSPLASIA - p. 1060 143. WITKOP TOOTH AND NAIL SYNDROME - p. 1061 144. ANKYLOBLEPHARON–ECTODERMAL DEFECTS–CLEFT LIP/PALATE SYNDROME - p. 1061 145. ECTODERMAL DYSPLASIA–ECTRODACTYLY–CLEFTING SYNDROME - p. 1062 146. Acknowledgments and disclosures - p. 1063 147. REFERENCES - p. 1066.e2 148. 64. Developmental Anomalies - p. 1067 149. Section 10: Pigmentary Disorders - p. 1085.e3 150. 65. Melanocyte Biology - p. 1086 151. 66. Vitiligo and Other Disorders of Hypopigmentation - p. 1098 152. 67. Disorders of Hyperpigmentation - p. 1125 153. Section 11: Hair, Nails, and Mucous Membranes - p. 1154.e4 154. 68. Biology of Hair and Nails - p. 1155 155. 69. Alopecias - p. 1173 156. 70. Hypertrichosis and Hirsutism - p. 1198 157. 71. Nail Disorders - p. 1214 158. 72. Oral Diseases - p. 1232 159. 73. Anogenital (Non-venereal) Diseases - p. 1255 160. Section 12: Infections, Infestations, and Bites - p. 1272.e3 161. 74. Bacterial Diseases - p. 1273 162. Chapter Contents - p. 1273 163. THE CUTANEOUS MICROBIOTA - p. 1273 164. GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA - p. 1273 165. GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA - p. 1293 166. SPIROCHETES - p. 1303 167. BACTERIA PREVIOUSLY CLASSIFIED AS FUNGI - p. 1306 168. REFERENCES - p. 1309.e8 169. 75. Mycobacterial Infections - p. 1310 170. 76. Rickettsial Diseases - p. 1333 171. 77. Fungal Diseases - p. 1343 172. 78. Cutaneous Manifestations of HIV Infection - p. 1376 173. 79. Human Papillomaviruses - p. 1394 174. 80. Human Herpesviruses - p. 1412 175. 81. Other Viral Diseases - p. 1437 176. 82. Sexually Transmitted Infections - p. 1461 177. 83. Protozoa and Worms - p. 1485 178. 84. Infestations - p. 1519 179. 85. Bites and Stings - p. 1533 180. Section 13: Disorders Due to Physical Agents - p. 1552.e3 181. 86. Ultraviolet Radiation - p. 1553 182. 87. Photodermatologic Disorders - p. 1564 183. 88. Environmental and Sports-Related Skin Diseases - p. 1585 184. 89. Signs of Substance Use Disorder - p. 1611 185. 90. Skin Signs of Abuse - p. 1622 186. Section 14: Disorders of Langerhans Cells and Macrophages - p. 1628.e1 187. 91. Histiocytoses - p. 1629 188. 92. Xanthomas - p. 1649 189. 93. Non-infectious Granulomas - p. 1660 190. 94. Foreign Body Reactions - p. 1681 191. Section 15: Atrophies and Disorders of Dermal Connective Tissues - p. 1692.e2 192. 95. Biology of the Extracellular Matrix - p. 1693 193. 96. Perforating Diseases - p. 1707 194. 97. Heritable Disorders of Connective Tissue - p. 1714 195. 98. Dermal Hypertrophies - p. 1730 196. 99. Atrophies of Connective Tissue - p. 1741 197. Section 16: Disorders of Subcutaneous Fat - p. 1750.e2 198. 100. Panniculitis - p. 1751 199. 101. Lipodystrophies - p. 1775 200. Section 17: Vascular Disorders - p. 1789.e2 201. 102. Vascular Biology - p. 1790 202. 103. Infantile Hemangiomas - p. 1801 203. 104. Vascular Malformations - p. 1819 204. 105. Ulcers - p. 1844 205. 106. Other Vascular Disorders - p. 1864 206. Section 18: Neoplasms of the Skin - p. 1874.e3 207. 107. Principles of Cutaneous Tumor Biology - p. 1875 208. 108. Actinic Keratosis, Basal Cell Carcinoma, and Squamous Cell Carcinoma - p. 1888 209. 109. Benign Epidermal Tumors and Proliferations - p. 1911 210. 110. Cysts - p. 1935 211. 111. Adnexal Neoplasms - p. 1948 212. 112. Benign Melanocytic Neoplasms and Melanotic Lesions - p. 1973 213. 113. Melanoma - p. 2009 214. Chapter Contents - p. 2009 215. INTRODUCTION - p. 2009 216. MOLECULAR PATHOGENESIS - p. 2009 217. HOST IMMUNE RESPONSE TO MELANOMA - p. 2010 218. EPIDEMIOLOGY - p. 2010 219. RISK FACTORS FOR CUTANEOUS MELANOMA - p. 2012 220. TYPES OF PRIMARY MELANOMAS - p. 2016 221. OTHER MELANOMA VARIANTS - p. 2019 222. MELANOMA AND PREGNANCY - p. 2022 223. MELANOMA IN THE PEDIATRIC AND ADOLESCENT POPULATION - p. 2022 224. DIAGNOSIS - p. 2022 225. PATHOLOGY - p. 2025 226. STAGING - p. 2030 227. PROGNOSIS - p. 2031 228. EVALUATION OF A PATIENT WITH SUSPECTED MELANOMA - p. 2031 229. MANAGEMENT - p. 2034 230. MELANOMA SURVEILLANCE - p. 2040 231. REFERENCES - p. 2044.e9 232. 114. Vascular Neoplasms and Neoplastic-Like Proliferations - p. 2045 233. Chapter Contents - p. 2045 234. INTRODUCTION - p. 2045 235. BENIGN VASCULAR NEOPLASMS AND REACTIVE HYPERPLASIAS - p. 2045 236. BORDERLINE AND LOW-GRADE MALIGNANT VASCULAR NEOPLASMS - p. 2060 237. MALIGNANT VASCULAR NEOPLASMS - p. 2067 238. PERIVASCULAR NEOPLASMS AND NEOPLASTIC-LIKE PROLIFERATIONS - p. 2070 239. REFERENCES - p. 2076.e5 240. 115. Neural and Neuroendocrine Neoplasms (Other than Neurofibromatosis) - p. 2077 241. 116. Fibroblastic, Myofibroblastic, and “Fibrohistiocytic” Proliferations and Neoplasms of the Skin - p. 2096 242. 117. Smooth Muscle, Adipose, and Cartilage Neoplasms - p. 2116 243. 118. Mastocytosis - p. 2131 244. 119. B Cell Lymphomas of the Skin - p. 2142 245. 120. Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma - p. 2156 246. 121. Other Lymphoproliferative and Myeloproliferative Diseases - p. 2177 247. 122. Cutaneous Metastases - p. 2189 248. Section 19: Medical Therapy - p. 2196.e2 249. 123. Public Health and Dermatology - p. 2197 250. 124-1. Skin Barrier - p. 2206 251. 125. Glucocorticoids - p. 2217 252. 126. Retinoids - p. 2231 253. 127. Antimicrobial Drugs - p. 2246 254. 128. Systemic Immunomodulators - p. 2272 255. 129. Other Topical Medications - p. 2295 256. 130. Other Systemic Drugs - p. 2311 257. 131. Drug Interactions - p. 2330 258. 132. Sunscreens and Photoprotection - p. 2344 259. 133. Complementary and Alternative Medicine - p. 2354 260. Section 20: Physical Treatment Modalities - p. 2361.e1 261. 134. Ultraviolet Therapy - p. 2362 262. 135. Photodynamic Therapy - p. 2379 263. 136. Lasers and Other Energy-Based Technologies – Principles and Skin Interactions - p. 2390 264. 137. Lasers and Other Energy-Based Therapies - p. 2400 265. 138. Cryosurgery - p. 2422 266. 139. Radiotherapy - p. 2430 267. 140. Electrosurgery - p. 2442 268. Section 21: Surgery - p. 2450 269. 141. Biology of Wound Healing - p. 2451 270. 142. Surgical Anatomy of the Head and Neck - p. 2464 271. 143. Anesthesia - p. 2479 272. 144. Wound Closure Materials and Instruments - p. 2489 273. 145. Dressings - p. 2501 274. 146. Biopsy Techniques and Basic Excisions - p. 2517 275. 147. Flaps - p. 2534 276. 148. Grafts - p. 2556 277. 149. Nail Surgery - p. 2570 278. 150. Mohs Micrographic Surgery - p. 2582 279. 151. Surgical Complications and Optimizing Outcomes - p. 2596 280. Section 22: Cosmetic Surgery - p. 2610.e2 281. 152. Evaluation of Beauty and the Aging Face - p. 2611 282. 153. Cosmetics and Cosmeceuticals - p. 2619 283. 154. Chemical and Mechanical Skin Resurfacing - p. 2633 284. 155. Phlebology and Treatment of Leg Veins - p. 2650 285. 156. Body Contouring: Liposuction and Non-invasive Modalities - p. 2666.e1 286. 157. Hair Restoration - p. 2678 287. 158. Injectable Soft Tissue Augmentation - p. 2691 288. 159. Botulinum Toxin - p. 2705 289. Index - p. I-1