Intensive Care Unit Manual

1. Cover image - p. i 2. Title page - p. ii 3. Table of Contents - p. iii 4. Copyright - p. iv 5. Dedication - p. v 6. Contributors - p. vii 7. Preface to First Edition - p. xix 8. Preface to Second Edition - p. xxi 9. Section 1. Basic Pathophysiologic Principles and Their Application in the Intensive Care Unit - p. xxi 10. Chapter 1. Approach to Acute Respiratory Failure - p. 3 11. Chapter 2. Approach to Mechanical Ventilation - p. 14 12. Chapter 3. Noninvasive Ventilation - p. 31 13. Chapter 4. Liberation and Weaning from Mechanical Ventilation and Extubation - p. 37 14. Chapter 5. Sedation and Analgesia during Mechanical Ventilation - p. 50 15. Chapter 6. Use of Neuromuscular Blocking Agents - p. 60 16. Chapter 7. Assessment and Monitoring of Hemodynamic Function - p. 65 17. Chapter 8. Cardiogenic Shock and Other Pump Failure States - p. 73 18. Chapter 9. Hemorrhagic Shock - p. 87 19. Chapter 10. Septic Shock - p. 95 20. Chapter 11. Vascular Access Issues and Procedures - p. 104 21. Section 2. Supportive Care for Intensive Care Unit Patients - p. 116.e2 22. Chapter 12. Approach to Supportive Care and Noninvasive Bedside Monitoring - p. 119 23. Chapter 13. Day-to-Day Management of the Critical Care Patient - p. 129 24. Chapter 14. Health Care–Associated Infections - p. 134 25. Chapter 15. Nutritional Therapy - p. 150 26. Chapter 16. Nutrition-Related Access Procedures - p. 160 27. Chapter 17. Pharmacokinetic Alterations in the Critically Ill - p. 168 28. Chapter 18. Rational Use of Antimicrobials - p. 178 29. Chapter 19. Rational Use of Blood Products - p. 192 30. Section 3. Specialized Care for Intensive Care Unit Patients - p. 202.e1 31. Chapter 20. Renal Replacement Therapy - p. 205 32. Chapter 21. Rehabilitation Interventions and Recovery from Critical Illness - p. 215 33. Chapter 22. Swallowing and Communication Disorders - p. 224 34. Chapter 23. Care of the Patient Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection - p. 235 35. Chapter 24. Care of the Cancer Patient with Neutropenia or Thrombocytopenia - p. 245 36. Chapter 25. Care of the Challenge-to-Wean Patient - p. 253 37. Chapter 26. Care of the Patient with End-Stage Renal Disease - p. 263 38. Chapter 27. Care of the Patient with End-Stage Liver Disease - p. 271 39. Chapter 28. Care of the Maternal-Fetal Unit - p. 278 40. Chapter 29. Care of the Patient with Morbid Obesity - p. 287 41. Section 4. Problems Arising in the Intensive Care Unit Setting: Evaluation and Management - p. 294.e1 42. Chapter 30. Airways and Emergency Airway Management - p. 297 43. Chapter 31. Alcohol Withdrawal: Diagnosis and Management - p. 308 44. Chapter 32. Allergies to Antibiotics - p. 316 45. Chapter 33. Arrhythmias (Bradycardias) - p. 324 46. Chapter 34. Arrhythmias (Tachycardias) - p. 340 47. Chapter 35. Barotrauma and Chest Tubes - p. 359 48. Chapter 36. Change in Mental Status - p. 367 49. Chapter 37. Delirium in the Intensive Care Unit: Diagnosis and Treatment - p. 375 50. Chapter 38. Diarrhea Developing in the Intensive Care Unit Patient - p. 380 51. Chapter 39. Electrolyte Disorders - p. 389 52. Chapter 40. Ileus - p. 405 53. Chapter 41. Increased Intracranial Pressure - p. 410 54. Chapter 42. Pressure Ulcers: Prevention and Management - p. 418 55. Chapter 43. Skin Rashes - p. 424 56. Chapter 44. Sleep Disturbances in the Intensive Care Unit - p. 434 57. Chapter 45. Thrombocytopenia - p. 441 58. Chapter 46. Transfusion Reactions - p. 450 59. Chapter 47. Ventilator Alarm Situations - p. 457 60. Chapter 48. Weakness Developing in the Intensive Care Unit Patient - p. 466 61. Section 5. Presenting Problems for Intensive Care Unit Admission - p. 470.e1 62. Cardiovascular - p. 470.e1 63. Chapter 49. Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) and Therapeutic Hypothermia - p. 473 64. Chapter 50. Chest Pain and Myocardial Ischemia - p. 482 65. Chapter 51. Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms and Dissections - p. 500 66. Chapter 52. Acute Heart Failure Syndromes - p. 507 67. Chapter 53. Hypertensive Crisis and Management of Hypertension - p. 522 68. Chapter 54. Pericardial Tamponade - p. 533 69. Environmental - p. 541.e1 70. Chapter 55. Hypothermia and Hyperthermia - p. 542 71. Chapter 56. Smoke Inhalation and Carbon Monoxide Poisoning - p. 549 72. Chapter 57. Drug Overdoses and Toxic Ingestions - p. 557 73. Gastrointestinal - p. 567.e1 74. Chapter 58. Acute Pancreatitis - p. 568 75. Chapter 59. Acute Liver Failure - p. 575 76. Chapter 60. Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding and Colitis - p. 581 77. Chapter 61. Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding - p. 589 78. Hematologic - p. 597.e2 79. Chapter 62. Hemolytic Anemia - p. 598 80. Chapter 63. Idiopathic and Thrombotic Thrombocytopenias - p. 606 81. Infections - p. 612.e1 82. Chapter 64. Acute Central Nervous System Infections - p. 613 83. Chapter 65. Community-Acquired Pneumonia - p. 622 84. Chapter 66. Necrotizing Fasciitis and Related Soft Tissue Infections - p. 630 85. Neurologic - p. 637.e1 86. Chapter 67. Acute Neuromuscular Weakness - p. 638 87. Chapter 68. Brain Death and Management of Potential Organ Donors - p. 647 88. Chapter 69. Neurologic Assessment and Prognosis after Cardiopulmonary Arrest - p. 654 89. Chapter 70. Status Epilepticus - p. 662 90. Chapter 71. Stroke - p. 669 91. Obstetric - p. 677.e4 92. Chapter 72. Obstetric and Postobstetric Complications - p. 678 93. Respiratory - p. 686.e2 94. Chapter 73. Acute Lung Injury and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome - p. 687 95. Chapter 74. Alternative Modes of Ventilation in Acute Lung Injury - p. 702 96. Chapter 75. Acute Respiratory Failure Due to Asthma - p. 709 97. Chapter 76. Acute Respiratory Failure Due to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - p. 715 98. Chapter 77. Deep Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism - p. 723 99. Chapter 78. Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage - p. 736 100. Chapter 79. Massive Hemoptysis - p. 741 101. Chapter 80. Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome and Other Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders - p. 747 102. Renal/Metabolic/Endocrine - p. 756.e2 103. Chapter 81. Acute Kidney Injury and Rhabdomyolysis - p. 757 104. Chapter 82. Diabetic Ketoacidosis, Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State, and Alcoholic Ketoacidosis - p. 769 105. Chapter 83. Metabolic Acidoses and Alkaloses - p. 781 106. Chapter 84. Disorders of Water Homeostasis: Hyponatremia and Hypernatremia - p. 792 107. Chapter 85. Thyroid and Adrenal Disorders in the Intensive Care Unit - p. 803 108. Surgical-General - p. 812.e1 109. Chapter 86. Perioperative Approach to the High-Risk Surgical Patient - p. 813 110. Chapter 87. Management of Postoperative and Other Acute Pain - p. 824 111. Surgical-Specialized - p. 832.e1 112. Chapter 88. Cardiac Surgery - p. 833 113. Chapter 89. Craniotomy - p. 841 114. Chapter 90. Major Abdominal Surgery : Postoperative Considerations - p. 847 115. Chapter 91. Major Tissue Flaps - p. 857 116. Chapter 92. Major Vascular Procedures - p. 864 117. Chapter 93. Perioperative Care of the Morbidly Obese Patient - p. 869 118. Chapter 94. Thoracic Surgical Patient - p. 876 119. Trauma - p. 881.e1 120. Chapter 95. Approach to the Trauma Patient - p. 882 121. Chapter 96. Critical Care for the Orthopedic Patient - p. 887 122. Chapter 97. Abdominal Trauma - p. 895 123. Chapter 98. Extremity and Major Vascular Trauma - p. 902 124. Chapter 99. Head Trauma - p. 908 125. Chapter 100. Thoracic Trauma - p. 916 126. Chapter 101. Spinal Injury - p. 921 127. Section 6. Professionalism and Interpersonal and Communication Skills - p. 928.e1 128. Chapter 102. Ethical Principles, Communication, and End-of-Life Care - p. 931 129. Chapter 103. Teamwork and Collaborative Practice in the Intensive Care Unit - p. 936 130. Chapter 104. Family-Centered Care and Communication with Families of Intensive Care Unit Patients - p. 941 131. Chapter 105. Providing Culturally Competent Care - p. 947 132. Chapter 106. Sleep Deprivation and Sleepiness in Medical Housestaff and Appropriate Countermeasures - p. 953 133. Systems-Based Practice - p. 957.e2 134. Chapter 107. Medical Errors and Patient Safety - p. 958 135. Chapter 108. Medical Malpractice, Risk Management, and Chart Documentation - p. 963 136. Chapter 109. Long-Term Acute Care in the Spectrum of Critical Care Medicine - p. 968 137. Chapter 110. Rapid Response Systems: Rapid Response Teams and Medical Emergency Teams - p. 973 138. Chapter 111. Telemedicine Applied to the Intensive Care Unit - p. 979 139. Chapter 112. Transporting the Intensive Care Unit Patient - p. 982 140. Appendix - p. 984.e4 141. Appendix A. Oxygen-Hemoglobin Dissociation Curves - p. 985 142. Appendix B. Tidal Volume Ratios (Vd/Vt) - p. 987 143. Appendix C. Palliative Drug Therapy for Terminal Withdrawal of Mechanical Ventilation - p. 989 144. Appendix D. Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) Algorithms - p. 991 145. Appendix E. Tables of Height, Predicted Body Weight (PBW), and Tidal Volumes of 4-to-8 mL/kg PBW for Females and Males - p. 994 146. Index - p. 997